Wiesenknopf

Wiesenknopf
	Little meadow button ( Sanguisorba minor )
Systematics
	Rosids
	Eurosiden I
Order :	Rose-like (rosales)
Family :	Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily :	Rosoideae
Genre :	Wiesenknopf
Scientific name
	Sanguisorba
	L.

The plant genus burnet ( Sanguisorba ) belongs to the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). The areas are in the temperate areas of the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America .

description

Vegetative characteristics

Sanguisorba species grow as perennial herbaceous plants or, in the Mediterranean region, as small shrubs that reach heights of 50 to 200 cm. A woody, multi-branched rhizome serves as a storage and persistence organ. The respective species can be slightly hairy or bald. A leaf rosette is often formed at the base , the leaves are arranged alternately on the stem . The imparipinnate leaves have seven to 25 pinna leaflet . The leaflets have a serrated leaf margin. The stipules are fused with a petiole.

Generative characteristics

At the end of the elongated inflorescence shafts there are capillary to spiked inflorescences with bracts and bracts and many flowers. The small, strongly reduced flowers are mostly hermaphroditic or rarely unisexual. If the flowers are unisexual, then the species are unisexual ( monoecious ). There is a flower cup (hypanthium) and a disc. The usually four, rarely up to seven petals are red, pink, purple or white, rarely greenish. Petals are missing. There are usually four stamens present, rarely more. The stamens are mostly free, rarely partially fused together. The flowers usually contain only one carpel , rarely there are two free ones.

The dry achenes are surrounded by hardened, thorny or winged flower cups.

The basic chromosome number is x = 7.

ecology

Sanguisorba species are food plants for the caterpillars of some butterflies ( Lepidoptera ), for example the small cube-headed butterfly ( Pyrgus malvae ) and the three-point long owl ( Amphipyra tragopoginis ) (both species have been observed on the Great Wiesenknopf).

Systematics

The genus name Sanguisorba was 1753 Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 1, p 116 first published . Synonyms for Sanguisorba L. are Poteridium Spach and Poterium L. The genus Sanguisorba belongs to the subertribus Sanguisorbinae of the tribe Sanguisorbeae in the subfamily Rosoideae within the family Rosaceae .

The botanical genus name Sanguisorba refers to the hemostatic use (especially of Sanguisorba officinalis ): Latin sanguis for blood and sorbere for sucking up.

Sanguisorba hakusanensis

Japanese meadow button ( Sanguisorba obtusa )

Great meadow button ( Sanguisorba officinalis )

Species (selection) and their distribution

There are about (15 to) 30 species in the genus Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba ):

Sanguisorba albanica András. & Jáv. : It occurs in Albania.
Sanguisorba albiflora (Makino) Makino : It occurs in Japan on the island of Honshu.
Sanguisorba alpina Bunge : Home is Russia , Korea , Mongolia and the Chinese provinces of Gansu , northern Ningxia (Helan Shan), Xinjiang .
Sanguisorba ancistroides (Desf.) Ces. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Portugal and Spain.
Sanguisorba annua (Nutt.) Nutt. (Syn .: Poteridum annuum (Nutt.) Nutt. , Poterium annuum Nutt. , Sanguisorba occidentalis Nutt. ): It occurs in western Canada and in the United States.
Sanguisorba applanata T.T.Yu & CLLi : It thrives in thinned forests, swampy banks of gullies and rivers at altitudes between 100 and 500 meters in the Chinese provinces of Hebei , Jiangsu and Shandong .
Sanguisorba azovtsevii Krasnob. & Pschen. : It thrives on grassy slopes and meadows and forest clearings in the Altai .
Canadian meadow button ( Sanguisorba canadensis L. ): It is native to North America.
Sanguisorba diandra (Hook. F.) Nordborg : The home is at high altitudes in Xizang , Bhutan , Uttar Pradesh , Nepal and Sikkim .
Bergamasker Wiesenknopf ( Sanguisorba dodecandra Moretti ): It occurs in the Italian Alps.
Sanguisorba filiformis (Hook. F.) Handel-Mazzetti : It is native to Bhutan , Sikkim and the Chinese provinces of Sichuan , Xizang, Yunnan at altitudes between 1200 and 4500 meters.
Sanguisorba formosana Hayata : It is native to Taiwan.
Sanguisorba hakusanensis Makino : It occurs in Korea and on the Japanese islands of Honshu and Hokkaido.
Sanguisorba hybrida (L.) Nordborg (Syn .: Sanguisorba agrimonoides Ces. ): It occurs in Morocco, Portugal and Spain.
Canarian meadow button ( Sanguisorba menendezii (Svent.) Nordb. ): Some authors also consider it to be part of the genus Dendriopoterium Svent. posed. It occurs in Gran Canaria .
Small meadow button ( Sanguisorba minor Scop. , Syn .: Sanguisorba dictyocarpa (Spach) Franch. , Sanguisorba lasiocarpa (Boiss. & Hausskn.) Hand.-Mazz. , Sanguisorba magnolii (Spach) A.Braun & CDBouché , Sanguisorba muricata (Spach) Gremli , Sanguisorba sanguisorba (L.) Britton )
Japanese meadow button ( Sanguisorba obtusa Maxim. ): It occurs on the Japanese island of Honshu.
Large meadow button ( Sanguisorba officinalis L. , Syn .: Sanguisorba polygama F.Nyl. , Sanguisorba carnea fish. Ex Link )
Sanguisorba stipulata Raf. : The home is Russia, Korea, Japan and the Chinese provinces of Jilin , Liaoning .
Sanguisorba taurica Juz. : It is used by some authors as a synonym for Sanguisorba officinalis .
Sanguisorba tenuifolia fish. ex Link : The home is Russia, Korea, Japan, Mongolia and the Chinese provinces Heilongjiang , Jilin, Liaoning, Inner Mongolia .
Sanguisorba verrucosa (Link ex G.Don) Ces. (Syn .: Sanguisorba minor subsp. Verrucosa (Link ex G. Don) Holmboe )

use

Many species are poorly used by humans. Few species are ornamental plants in parks and gardens in temperate areas. The leaves are less often eaten raw or cooked more often. The medicinal effects have been studied in some species.

swell

Li Chaoluan, Hiroshi Ikeda & Hideaki Ohba: Sanguisorba in the Flora of China , Volume 9, p. 384: Online. (Section description and systematics)

Individual evidence

^ ^A ^b ^c Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Sanguisorba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 11, 2017.
↑ Sanguisorba azovtsevii at eFloras.
↑ ^a ^b A. Kurtto (2009): Rosaceae (pro parte majore). - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Sanguisorba In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
↑ Sanguisorba canadensis , Sanguisorba menziesii , Sanguisorba minor . Sanguisorba obtusa , Sanguisorba officinalis , Sanguisorba stipulata and Sanguisorba tenuifolia at Plants For A Future . (engl.)

Web links

Commons : Wiesenknopf - Collection of images, videos and audio files

[Fischer2005-1] A ^b ^c Manfred A. Fischer , Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .

[GRIN-2] ↑ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j Sanguisorba in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 11, 2017.

[3] Sanguisorba azovtsevii at eFloras.

[Euro+Med-4] A. Kurtto (2009): Rosaceae (pro parte majore). - In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Sanguisorba In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

[5] Sanguisorba canadensis , Sanguisorba menziesii , Sanguisorba minor . Sanguisorba obtusa , Sanguisorba officinalis , Sanguisorba stipulata and Sanguisorba tenuifolia at Plants For A Future . (engl.)