Finger herbs

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Finger herbs
Clusius cinquefoil (Potentilla clusiana)

Clusius cinquefoil ( Potentilla clusiana )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Tribe : Potentilleae
Genre : Finger herbs
Scientific name
Potentilla
L.

The plant genus of the finger herbs ( Potentilla ) belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae). The 300 to 500 species thrive mainly in the temperate , arctic and alpine areas of the northern hemisphere .

description

Illustration of the cinquefoil ( Potentilla recta ) from Flora Batava , Volume 20
Illustration of the creeping cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans )

Vegetative characteristics

The Potentilla species are usually perennial herbaceous plants , rarely annual or biennial plants or shrubs . The stems are erect or creeping. The composite leaves are fingered or pinnate, the stipules more or less fused with the petioles.

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand alone or in zymose inflorescences . The hermaphroditic, radially symmetrical flowers are usually five-fold ( usually four -fold in the bloodroot ). The five sepals alternate with the five sepals . The five free petals are mostly yellow, rarely white or purple. There are usually many (about 20) stamens present. The mostly many carpels are free.

Systematics and distribution

White cinquefoil ( Potentilla alba )
Gold cinquefoil ( Potentilla aurea )
Rock cinquefoil ( Potentilla caulescens )
Bloodroot ( Potentilla erecta )
Mock strawberry ( Potentilla indica )
Spring cinquefoil ( Potentilla neumanniana )
High cinquefoil ( Potentilla recta )
Lower cinquefoil ( Potentilla supina )

The genus Potentilla was established by Carl von Linné . Potentilla reptans L. was introduced as a Lekto typusart in 1908 by Per Axel Rydberg in North American Flora. New York Botanical Garden , Volume 22, page 293 set. Synonyms for Potentilla L. are: Trichothalamus Spreng. , Duchesnea Sm. , Fraga Lapeyr. , Fragariastrum Fabr. , Pentaphyllum Gaertn. non Hill , Pentaphyllum Hill nom. illeg., Tridophyllum Greene .

An important work on the genus Potentilla was published in 1908 by Franz Theodor Wolf: Monograph of the genus Potentilla in Bibliotheca Botanica, ... , Volume 16, 17, pages 1-714. The scope of the genus Potentilla is controversial.

Potentilla species thrive mainly in the temperate , arctic and alpine areas of the northern hemisphere . Only a few species occur in the southern hemisphere . There are 86 species in China , 22 of them only there.

The genus of the finger herbs ( Potentilla ) includes 300 to 500 species. Here is a selection:

Since 2010 the approximately 64 species of the Potentilla sect. Leptostylae placed in the reactivated genus Argentina anserina Hill (Syn .: Tylosperma Botsch. ), For example:

The genus Sibbaldia L. (Syn .: Dryadanthe Endl. ) Was also reactivated, for example:

The species of the genus Comarum L. (Syn .: Commarum cabinet orth. Var., Farinopsis Chrtek & Soják ) are also excluded , for example:

The woody species was reactivated into a genus Dasiphora Raf. (Syn .: Pentaphylloides Duhamel ) posed:

  • Potentilla arbuscula D.DonDasiphora arbuscula (D.Don) Soják (Syn .: Potentilla arbuscula var. Albicans (Rehder & EHWilson) Hand.-Mazz. , Potentilla fruticosa var. Albicans Rehder & EHWilson )
  • Bald cinquefoil - Potentilla glabra Lodd. et al. Dasiphora davurica (Nestl.) Kom. (Syn .: Dasiphora glabra (Lodd. Et al.) Soják , Pentaphylloides davurica (Nestl.) Ikonn. , Potentilla davurica Nestl. , Potentilla fruticosa var. Mandshurica Maxim. , Potentilla fruticosa var. veitchii (EHWilson) Bean , Potentilla fruticosa var. vilmoriniana Kom. , Potentilla veitchii E.H.Wilson )
  • Finger shrub - Potentilla fruticosa L.Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. (Syn .: Potentilla fruticosa var. Farreri Besant )
  • Potentilla parvifolia fish. ex clay. Dasiphora parvifolia (fish. Ex clay.) Juz. (Syn .: Pentaphylloides parvifolia (fish. Ex clay.) Soják )

use

Some cinquefoil species and varieties are ornamental plants for gardens and parks.

Cinquefoil species used to be used to combat dysentery , hence the old name "Ruhrkraut".

Naming

The common name cinquefoil is derived from the fact that in many species the leaves are fingered fivefold. This is also reflected in other languages. The French cinque feuilles , the English cinquefoil and the Latin quinquefolium mean "five leaves".

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literature

  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
  • PWBall, B. Pawlowski, SM Walters: Potentilla L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea. Volume 2, Cambridge University Press 1968, pp. 36-47.
  • David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora alpina. Volume 1 Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna Haupt-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0 , pp. 762-782.
  • Li Chaoluan (Li Chao-luang), Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Potentilla Linnaeus pp. 291–323 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 .
  • Christoph Dobeš, Juraj Paule: A comprehensive chloroplast DNA-based phylogeny of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae): implications for its geographic origin, phylogeography and generic circumscription. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 56, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 156-175. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.03.005

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Potentilla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  2. a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc Arto Kurtto (2009): Rosaceae (pro parte majore). : Datasheet Potentilla In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
  3. a b c d e f g Potentilla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
  4. Li Chaoluan (Li Chao-luang), Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Potentilla Linnaeus pp. 291–323 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 .
  5. ^ Jiří Soják: Argentina Hill, a genus distinct from Potentilla (Rosaceae). In: Thaiszia , Volume 20, 2010, pp. 91–97.
  6. Torsten Eriksson, Magnus Lundberg, Mats Töpel, Pia Östensson, Jenny EE Smedmark: Sibbaldia: a molecular phylogenetic study of a remarkably polyphyletic genus in Rosaceae. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 301, Issue 1 2015, pp. 171-184. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-014-1063-3
  7. Torsten Eriksson et al .: The phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL / F region of chloroplast DNA. In: Int. J. Pl. Sci. , Volume 164, 2003, pp. 197-211.

Web links

Commons : Fingerkräuter ( Potentilla )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

further reading

  • AR Bean: Notes on Potentilla (Rosaceae) and related genera in Australia. In: Muelleria , Volume 33, 2015, pp. 75–83.
  • Mats Töpel, Magnus Lundberg, Torsten Eriksson, Bente Eriksen: Molecular data and ploidal levels indicate several putative allopolyploidization events in the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae). In: PLOS - Currents Tree of Life , 2011. doi : 10.1371 / currents.RRN1237
  • Jiří Soják: Notes on Potentilla XXI. A new division of the tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae) and notes on generic delimitations. In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. , Volume 127, 2008, 3, pp. 349-358.