Finger herbs
Finger herbs | ||||||||||||
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Clusius cinquefoil ( Potentilla clusiana ) |
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Systematics | ||||||||||||
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Scientific name | ||||||||||||
Potentilla | ||||||||||||
L. |
The plant genus of the finger herbs ( Potentilla ) belongs to the rose family (Rosaceae). The 300 to 500 species thrive mainly in the temperate , arctic and alpine areas of the northern hemisphere .
description
Vegetative characteristics
The Potentilla species are usually perennial herbaceous plants , rarely annual or biennial plants or shrubs . The stems are erect or creeping. The composite leaves are fingered or pinnate, the stipules more or less fused with the petioles.
Generative characteristics
The flowers stand alone or in zymose inflorescences . The hermaphroditic, radially symmetrical flowers are usually five-fold ( usually four -fold in the bloodroot ). The five sepals alternate with the five sepals . The five free petals are mostly yellow, rarely white or purple. There are usually many (about 20) stamens present. The mostly many carpels are free.
Systematics and distribution
The genus Potentilla was established by Carl von Linné . Potentilla reptans L. was introduced as a Lekto typusart in 1908 by Per Axel Rydberg in North American Flora. New York Botanical Garden , Volume 22, page 293 set. Synonyms for Potentilla L. are: Trichothalamus Spreng. , Duchesnea Sm. , Fraga Lapeyr. , Fragariastrum Fabr. , Pentaphyllum Gaertn. non Hill , Pentaphyllum Hill nom. illeg., Tridophyllum Greene .
An important work on the genus Potentilla was published in 1908 by Franz Theodor Wolf: Monograph of the genus Potentilla in Bibliotheca Botanica, ... , Volume 16, 17, pages 1-714. The scope of the genus Potentilla is controversial.
Potentilla species thrive mainly in the temperate , arctic and alpine areas of the northern hemisphere . Only a few species occur in the southern hemisphere . There are 86 species in China , 22 of them only there.
The genus of the finger herbs ( Potentilla ) includes 300 to 500 species. Here is a selection:
- Potentilla acaulis L.
- White cinquefoil ( Potentilla alba L. )
- Potentilla adriatica Murb.
- Potentilla agrimonioides M.Bieb.
- Potentilla aladaghensis Leblebici
- Potentilla alchimilloides Lapeyr.
- Potentilla anatolica Peşmen
- Lower cinquefoil (clan group) ( Potentilla anglica Laich. Agg.)
- Potentilla apennina Ten.
- Potentilla approximata Bunge
- Potentilla arcadiensis Iatroú
- Potentilla arctica Rouy
- Potentilla arenosa (Turcz.) Juz.
- Potentilla argaea Boiss. & Balansa
- Silver cinquefoil ( Potentilla argentea L. )
- Potentilla argyrophylla Wall. ex clay. : Is also considered by some authors as a variety Potentilla atrosanguinea var. Argyrophylla (Wall. Ex Lehm.) Grierson & DGLong to Potentilla atrosanguinea .
- Potentilla armeniaca Th.Wolf
- Potentilla assalemica Soják
- Potentilla astracanica Jacq.
- Potentilla asturica Rothm.
- Blood-red cinquefoil ( Potentilla atrosanguinea Lodd., G.Lodd. & W.Lodd. ): It occurs in Pakistan, Afghanistan, in India, Nepal and in Tibet .
- Potentilla aucheriana Th.Wolf
- Gold cinquefoil ( Potentilla aurea L. )
- Potentilla balansae Peşmen
- Potentilla balkharica Soják
- Potentilla betonicifolia Poir.
- Potentilla bifurca L.
- Potentilla bornmuelleri Borbás
- Potentilla borneensis (Stapf) Kalkman
- Potentilla brachypetala clay
- Dwarf cinquefoil ( Potentilla brauneana Hoppe ex Nestl. )
- Potentilla buccoana Clementi
- Potentilla bungei Boiss.
- Potentilla calabra Ten.
- Potentilla callieri (Th.Wolf) Juz.
- Potentilla camillae Kolak.
- Potentilla cappadocica Boiss.
- Potentilla carduchorum Soják
- Carniolan cinquefoil ( Potentilla carniolica A. Kern. )
- Limestone cinquefoil ( Potentilla caulescens L. ): The four subspecies occur in the Alps and in the mountains of southern Europe and in North Africa.
- Potentilla chamissonis Hultén : It occurs in the Arctic.
- Potentilla chrysantha Trevir. : It occurs in Eastern and Southeastern Europe and in the temperate zones of Asia.
- Potentilla cinerea Vill.
- Clusius cinquefoil ( Potentilla clusiana Jacq. )
- Hill cinquefoil ( Potentilla collina Wib.agg .)
- Potentilla conferta Bunge
- Shaggy mountain cinquefoil ( Potentilla crantzii (Crantz) Beck ex Fritsch )
- Finger three-leaf weed ( Potentilla cryptotaeniae Maxim. , Potentilla aegopodiifolia H.Lév. , Potentilla cryptotaeniae var. Obovata Th.Wolf , Potentilla cryptotaeniae var. Obtusata Th.Wolf. )
- Potentilla crassinervia Viv.
- Potentilla daghestanica Soják
- Dauphiné cinquefoil ( Potentilla dalephinensis Gren. & Godr. )
- Potentilla davisii R.R. Mill & H.Duman
- Potentilla deorum Boiss. & Hero.
- Potentilla detommasii Ten.
- Potentilla discipulorum P.H. Davis
- Potentilla divaricata DC.
- Potentilla divina Albov
- Potentilla doddsii P.H.Davis
- Potentilla doerfleri Wettst.
- Potentilla doubjonneana Cambess
- Bloodroot ( Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. )
- Glacier cinquefoil ( Potentilla frigida Vill. )
- Narrow-leaved cinquefoil ( Potentilla grammopetala Moretti ): This endemic only occurs in the Central Alps .
- Large-flowered cinquefoil ( Potentilla grandiflora L. ): It occurs in Spain, France, Italy, Switzerland and Austria
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Reddish cinquefoil ( Potentilla heptaphylla L. ): There are two subspecies:
- Reddish cinquefoil ( Potentilla heptaphylla L. subsp. Heptaphylla )
- Trieste cinquefoil ( Potentilla heptaphylla subsp. Australis (Nyman) Gams , Syn .: Potentilla opaca subsp. Australis Nyman, Potentilla australis Krasan non Verl. , Potentilla brevistipulata Dum.-Dam. , Potentilla fagineicola Lamotte , Potentilla malyana Malý , Potentilla zimmeteri Borbás , Potentilla australis subsp. malyana (Maly) Novak , Potentilla heptaphylla subsp. fagineicola (Lamotte) P.Fourn. )
- Wire-haired cinquefoil ( Potentilla hirta L. ): It occurs in southern Europe, in the Ukraine , in Austria and in Switzerland.
- Polar cinquefoil ( Potentilla hyparctica Malte )
- Gray cinquefoil ( Potentilla inclinata Vill. )
- Sand cinquefoil ( Potentilla incana P. Gaertn., B.Mey. & Scherb. , Syn .: Potentilla arenaria Borkh. , Potentilla arenaria subsp. Incana (P.Gaertn. & Al.) O.Schwarz , Potentilla cinerea subsp. Incana (P. Gaertn. & Al.) Asch. , Potentilla verna subsp. Incana (P.Gaertn. & Al.) Schübler & G.Martens )
- Mock strawberry , ( Potentilla indica (G.Jackson) T.Wolf , Syn .: Duchesnea indica (G.Jackson) Focke )
- Middle cinquefoil ( Potentilla intermedia L. )
- Potentilla longifolia Willd. ex Schltdl. : It occurs in Asia and in European Russia.
- Small-flowered cinquefoil ( Potentilla micrantha Ram. Ex DC. )
- Potentilla montana bread. : It occurs in Portugal, Spain, France and Belgium.
- Multi-column cinquefoil ( Potentilla multifida L. )
- Overlooked cinquefoil ( Potentilla neglecta Baumg. )
- Spring cinquefoil ( Potentilla neumanniana Rchb. )
- Potentilla nevadensis Boiss.
- Dolomite cinquefoil ( Potentilla nitida L. ), occurs only in the Southern Alps and the Apennines
- Snow cinquefoil ( Potentilla nivalis Lapeyr. )
- Snow-white cinquefoil ( Potentilla nivea L. ): It occurs in Asia, Europe, North America and Greenland.
- Norwegian cinquefoil ( Potentilla norvegica L. )
- Potentilla patula Waldst. & Kit.
- Potentilla pedata Nestl.
- Pennsylvanian cinquefoil ( Potentilla pensylvanica L. ): It is found in North America.
- Star-haired spring cinquefoil ( Potentilla pusilla host )
- High cinquefoil ( Potentilla recta L. )
- Creeping cinquefoil ( Potentilla reptans L. )
- Rock cinquefoil ( Potentilla rupestris L. )
- Saxifrage cinquefoil ( Potentilla saxifraga Ardoino ex De Not. ): This is only endemic in the Alps before.
- Strawberry cinquefoil ( Potentilla sterilis (L.) Garcke )
- Potentilla stipularis L.
- Potentilla sundaica (flower) Kuntze
- Lower cinquefoil ( Potentilla supina L. )
- Thuringian cinquefoil ( Potentilla thuringiaca Bernh. )
- Potentilla thyrsiflora Huels. ex zimmeter
- Maritime cinquefoil ( Potentilla valderia L. ): This endemic species only occurs in the Maritime Alps .
- Wismar hill fingerwort ( Potentilla wismariensis T.Gregor & Henker ): This endemic is only known from the area around the Wismar Bay in Mecklenburg-Western Pomerania.
Since 2010 the approximately 64 species of the Potentilla sect. Leptostylae placed in the reactivated genus Argentina anserina Hill (Syn .: Tylosperma Botsch. ), For example:
- The subspecies of Potentilla anserina L. → goose-fingerweed ( Argentina anserina (L.) Rydb. And Argentina egedei (Wormsk. Ex Hornem.) Rydb. )
The genus Sibbaldia L. (Syn .: Dryadanthe Endl. ) Was also reactivated, for example:
- Potentilla sibbaldii Haller f. → Sibbaldia procumbens L.
The species of the genus Comarum L. (Syn .: Commarum cabinet orth. Var., Farinopsis Chrtek & Soják ) are also excluded , for example:
- Swamp blood-eye ( Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. ) → Comarum palustre L.
The woody species was reactivated into a genus Dasiphora Raf. (Syn .: Pentaphylloides Duhamel ) posed:
- Potentilla arbuscula D.Don → Dasiphora arbuscula (D.Don) Soják (Syn .: Potentilla arbuscula var. Albicans (Rehder & EHWilson) Hand.-Mazz. , Potentilla fruticosa var. Albicans Rehder & EHWilson )
- Bald cinquefoil - Potentilla glabra Lodd. et al. → Dasiphora davurica (Nestl.) Kom. (Syn .: Dasiphora glabra (Lodd. Et al.) Soják , Pentaphylloides davurica (Nestl.) Ikonn. , Potentilla davurica Nestl. , Potentilla fruticosa var. Mandshurica Maxim. , Potentilla fruticosa var. veitchii (EHWilson) Bean , Potentilla fruticosa var. vilmoriniana Kom. , Potentilla veitchii E.H.Wilson )
- Finger shrub - Potentilla fruticosa L. → Dasiphora fruticosa (L.) Rydb. (Syn .: Potentilla fruticosa var. Farreri Besant )
- Potentilla parvifolia fish. ex clay. → Dasiphora parvifolia (fish. Ex clay.) Juz. (Syn .: Pentaphylloides parvifolia (fish. Ex clay.) Soják )
use
Some cinquefoil species and varieties are ornamental plants for gardens and parks.
Cinquefoil species used to be used to combat dysentery , hence the old name "Ruhrkraut".
Naming
The common name cinquefoil is derived from the fact that in many species the leaves are fingered fivefold. This is also reflected in other languages. The French cinque feuilles , the English cinquefoil and the Latin quinquefolium mean "five leaves".
swell
literature
- Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany. A botanical-ecological excursion companion to the most important species . 6th, completely revised edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2005, ISBN 3-494-01397-7 .
- PWBall, B. Pawlowski, SM Walters: Potentilla L. In: Thomas Gaskell Tutin u. a .: Flora Europaea. Volume 2, Cambridge University Press 1968, pp. 36-47.
- David Aeschimann, Konrad Lauber, Daniel Martin Moser, Jean-Paul Theurillat: Flora alpina. Volume 1 Bern, Stuttgart, Vienna Haupt-Verlag, 2004, ISBN 3-258-06600-0 , pp. 762-782.
- Li Chaoluan (Li Chao-luang), Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Potentilla Linnaeus pp. 291–323 - online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 .
- Christoph Dobeš, Juraj Paule: A comprehensive chloroplast DNA-based phylogeny of the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae): implications for its geographic origin, phylogeography and generic circumscription. In: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution , Volume 56, Issue 1, 2010, pp. 156-175. doi : 10.1016 / j.ympev.2010.03.005
Individual evidence
- ^ Potentilla at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc Arto Kurtto (2009): Rosaceae (pro parte majore). : Datasheet Potentilla In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
- ↑ a b c d e f g Potentilla in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved August 28, 2017.
- ↑ Li Chaoluan (Li Chao-luang), Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Potentilla Linnaeus pp. 291–323 - text online with the same text as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003, ISBN 1-930723-14-8 .
- ^ Jiří Soják: Argentina Hill, a genus distinct from Potentilla (Rosaceae). In: Thaiszia , Volume 20, 2010, pp. 91–97.
- ↑ Torsten Eriksson, Magnus Lundberg, Mats Töpel, Pia Östensson, Jenny EE Smedmark: Sibbaldia: a molecular phylogenetic study of a remarkably polyphyletic genus in Rosaceae. In: Plant Systematics and Evolution , Volume 301, Issue 1 2015, pp. 171-184. doi : 10.1007 / s00606-014-1063-3
- ↑ Torsten Eriksson et al .: The phylogeny of Rosoideae (Rosaceae) based on sequences of the internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of nuclear ribosomal DNA and the trnL / F region of chloroplast DNA. In: Int. J. Pl. Sci. , Volume 164, 2003, pp. 197-211.
Web links
further reading
- AR Bean: Notes on Potentilla (Rosaceae) and related genera in Australia. In: Muelleria , Volume 33, 2015, pp. 75–83.
- Mats Töpel, Magnus Lundberg, Torsten Eriksson, Bente Eriksen: Molecular data and ploidal levels indicate several putative allopolyploidization events in the genus Potentilla (Rosaceae). In: PLOS - Currents Tree of Life , 2011. doi : 10.1371 / currents.RRN1237
- Jiří Soják: Notes on Potentilla XXI. A new division of the tribe Potentilleae (Rosaceae) and notes on generic delimitations. In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. , Volume 127, 2008, 3, pp. 349-358.