Hill cinquefoil

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Hill cinquefoil
Hill cinquefoil (Potentilla collina), illustration from Storm

Hill cinquefoil ( Potentilla collina ), illustration from Storm

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Tribe : Potentilleae
Genre : Finger herbs ( potentilla )
Type : Hill cinquefoil
Scientific name
Potentilla collina
Wibel

The hill cinquefoil ( Potentilla collina agg. ), If it is the species ( Potentilla collina s. Str.) And not the collective species , more precisely called real hill cinquefoil or common hill cinquefoil , is a species from the plant genus of Potentilla ( Potentilla ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae). It is common in Europe , but mostly rare.

description

Appearance and leaf

The real hill cinquefoil grows as a deciduous, perennial (plurienn-pollakanthe) herbaceous plant and reaches heights of 25 to 35 centimeters. It has no non-flowering rosettes of leaves during flowering, sometimes later in the year. The prostrate (not in Potentilla collina s. Str.) To arching or independently upright stem is strong and hairless to white.

The basal and alternate distributed on the stem arranged leaves are divided into petiole and leaf blade. The fingered leaf blade usually consists of five spatulate partial leaves. The leaf margin is not rolled over and usually has two to three, rarely four deeply cut teeth on each side, the end tooth is usually shorter than the side teeth. The upper side of the leaf is loosely hairy and the underside is hairy white-gray-tomentose.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowering period in Switzerland and Germany is between May and July. There are a few to many flowers together in an inflorescence .

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five egg-shaped sepals alternate with the five sepals ; where the sepals are usually the same length or shorter than the sepals. The petals are at least as long as the sepals. The five free, yellow petals are 4 to 7 millimeters long. There are many stamens present. The stylus is conical at its base and in the upper area, but is often somewhat twisted.

A common nut fruit is formed. The nuts are 1.4 to 1.7 millimeters long, 0.8 to 1.4 millimeters wide and 0.5 to 0.9 millimeters thick.

Chromosome set

The basic chromosome number is n = 7. Different levels of ploidy were determined, for example pentaploid, i.e. chromosome number with 2n = 35, hexaploid with 2n = 42 or duodecaploid with 2n = 84.

ecology

The real hill cinquefoil is a hemicryptophyte and a half-rosette plant.

The flowers are homogamous, which means that female and male flower organs mature at the same time. The real hill cinquefoil reproduces facultatively or obligatorily apomictically pseudogamously ( fertilization is necessary for the endosperm to develop). Also Bastardisierungen occur. This leads to the formation of a large number of different clans .

The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ). From an ecological point of view, these are disc flowers with half-hidden nectar in the center of the blossom.

Diaspores are the nuts .

Occurrence

The distribution area of Potentilla collina agg. ranges from south-west and north through central and east to south- east Europe . Locations of Potentilla collina agg. are found in southern Sweden , Germany , Austria , Switzerland , northern Italy , Poland , the Czech Republic , Slovakia , Hungary , Romania , Belarus , Lithuania , Latvia , Moldova , the southwestern part of Russia and Ukraine . In Central Europe, the real hill cinquefoil occurs occasionally, especially in wine-growing areas, for example on the Middle Rhine , the Moselle , the Main and the High Rhine . It is rarely found in the Central Alps .

The real hill cinquefoil colonizes sandy lawns and rocks. It usually thrives on lime-poor , sandy or stony soils and in locations with warm summers.

From the hill cinquefoil species group ( Potentilla collina agg.), Only Potentilla thyrsiflora has been secured for Bavaria , which is now considered lost. Information on Potentilla collina s. st. are mostly incorrect determinations, they only existed in Bavaria on the Untermain .

Systematics

Potentilla collina was first published in 1799 by August Wilhelm Eberhard Christoph Wibel in Primitiae Florae Werthemensis , 2, p. 267. Synonyms for Potentilla collina Wibel are: Potentilla wibeliana Th.Wolf nom. illeg., Potentilla argentea subsp. collina (Wibel) Bonnier & Layens .

The species group around the hill cinquefoil ( Potentilla collina agg.) Is divided into the following species:

literature

  • TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (Eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 41–42 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search). (refers to Potentilla collina agg.)
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition, Ulmer-Verlag, 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). 2nd, corrected and enlarged edition. Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe. 2nd Edition. Volume 3, Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h Potentilla collina Wibel, Echtes Hügel-cinquefoil. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ^ A b Potentilla collina in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved May 13, 2014.
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l Data sheet at BiolFlor - the database on biological-ecological characteristics of vascular plants in Germany , Version 1.1 ( Memento of the original from May 13, 2014 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link became automatic used and not yet tested. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.ufz.de
  4. ↑ a b c d Potentilla collina Wibel data sheet at Info Flora = The national data and information center for the Swiss flora .
  5. ↑ a b c d e f g TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 41–42 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search). (refers to Potentilla collina agg.)
  6. ↑ Potentilla collina agg. - Species group hill cinquefoil Profile of the vascular plants of Bavaria of the Botanical Information Node Bavaria .
  7. ↑ Potentilla collina at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  8. ↑ a b A. Kurtto, 2009: Rosaceae (pro parte majore). , 2011: In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. : Datasheet Potentilla collina aggr.
  9. ↑ Collection type Potentilla collina agg. = Hill cinquefoil (species group). In: FloraWeb.de.

Web links

Commons : Real hill cinquefoil ( Potentilla collina )  - Collection of images, videos, and audio files