Mock strawberry

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Mock strawberry
Mock strawberry (Potentilla indica)

Mock strawberry ( Potentilla indica )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Genre : Finger herbs ( potentilla )
Type : Mock strawberry
Scientific name
Potentilla indica
( Andrews ) Th. Wolf

The Indian mock strawberry ( Potentilla indica ) is a species of plant originating from Southeast Asia and South Asia , which is grown as an ornamental plant in Central Europe and which is wild in places. Other common German-language names are Scheinerdbeer-cinquefoil , Scheinerdbeere , False Erdbeere or Indian strawberry ; all German names refer to the similarity of the false fruit to a strawberry .

description

Bloom in detail
Collective fruit
Common nut fruit and fruit

Vegetative characteristics

The pseudo strawberry is a perennial , herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 10 to 30 centimeters. It forms runners-like, up to 60–80 centimeters long , hairy stems that form roots at the nodes .

The threefold foliage leaves, arranged in rosettes at the rooting point, otherwise alternately distributed on the stem, are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. The hairy petiole is 4-7.5 inches long. The approximately 2.5 to 6.5 centimeters long pinna leaflets are short, one long stalks to 3 millimeters, on both sides, they are more or less hairy and coarsely toothed at the edge or cut, the leaf base is acute to obtuse. The leaflets are ovate to obovate and rounded to pointed. The stipules of the rosette leaves are around 10 mm long and up to halfway fused with the petiole, the free part being narrowly triangular. In the creeping shoots, the stipules are notched.

Generative characteristics

The flowers stand individually in leaf axils on a 2 to 8 cm long, hairy stalk, so they do not protrude beyond the leaves. The hermaphroditic flowers are 15 to 25 millimeters in diameter and are radially symmetrical and five-fold with a double flower envelope. The five, slightly hairy, three- to five-toothed outer sepals are 3 to 5 millimeters long at anthesis and up to 10 millimeters long when the fruit is ripe. The five, hairy sepals are narrowly triangular, 4 to 7 millimeters long and also longer after flowering. The five rounded to blunt, partly edged and obovate petals are yellow and 5 to 9 millimeters long. There are 15 to 25 stamens and many upper-permanent, small, uni- and bald stamp with a lateral stylus .

The spherical aggregate fruits (false fruit) are enclosed in the immature state by the calyx and outer calyx, which spread to ripeness and release the fruit. The 1–2 cm large, nubby collective fruit is similar to the strawberry and is bright red and edible - but has little taste. Many small, egg-shaped to rounded or kidney to crescent-shaped achenes (nutlets) are formed. The achenes are brownish and 1–1.5 millimeters in size.

Chromosome number

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 84.

Occurrence

The mock strawberry is native to South and Southeast Asia and occurs in southern China, Afghanistan , India, Pakistan , Tibet , Bhutan , Nepal , Indonesia, Thailand, the Philippines , as well as Laos, Japan and Korea . In China, it grows on mountain slopes, in meadows, on river banks, field edges and in damp locations at altitudes of up to 3,100 meters.

In Central Europe it was introduced as an ornamental plant in the middle of the 19th century and has become wild in places. It has been overgrown in Austria since 1918, naturalized since around 1990 and is considered to be potentially invasive . In Central Europe it grows scattered in fresh hedges, in ornamental lawns, in urban courtyards, gardens and on the edges of forests. It occurs here in companies of the Alliarion association.

In North America, the mock strawberry is also feral in most states.

Taxonomy

It was first published in 1807 under the name ( Basionym ) Fragaria indica by Henry Charles Andrews . The new combination to Potentilla indica ( Andrews ) Th.Wolf was published in 1904 by Franz Theodor Wolf . Another synonym for Potentilla indica ( Andrews ) Th.Wolf is z. B. Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Teschem. and Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke (isonym).

It was long listed as Duchesnea indica , but the genus Duchesnea was integrated into the genus Potentilla .

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive. (CD-Rom), Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2001/2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .

Web links

Commons : Mock Strawberry ( Potentilla indica )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ The Wild Indian Strawberry or Mock Strawberry at Bellarmine Univ.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp. 544 .
  3. ↑ Li Chaoluan, Hiroshi Ikeda, Hideaki Ohba: Duchesnea. : Duchesnea indica (Andrews) Focke , p. 338 - the same text online as the printed work , PDF 4.6 MB , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven (Ed.): Flora of China , Volume 9 - Pittosporaceae through Connaraceae , Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis, 2003. ISBN 1-930723-14-8 .
  4. ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 .
  5. ↑ Data sheet from USDA - Natural Resources Conservation Service , accessed August 10, 2008.
  6. ↑ Mock strawberry at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 7, 2015.