Swamp Blood Eye

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Swamp Blood Eye
Swamp blood-eye (Potentilla palustris)

Swamp blood-eye ( Potentilla palustris )

Systematics
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Genre : Finger herbs ( potentilla )
Type : Swamp Blood Eye
Scientific name
Potentilla palustris
( L. ) Scop.
Marsh blood-eye with nectar glands and marsh hover fly
Comarum palustre

The sump blood eye ( Potentilla palustris ( L. ) Scop. , Syn .: Comarum palustre L. ) is a plant from the genus of Potentilla ( Potentilla ) in the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). It is circumpolar and inhabits flat and intermediate moors.

description

The swamp blood-eye is a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of 20 to 70 centimeters. Their creeping, woody rhizome , from which the flowering and non-flowering shoot axes branch off, can be 1 meter long. The prostrate to ascending stems are downy to shaggy hairy, leafy and branched at the top. The stem leaves are pinnate in five to seven parts, the leaflets are arranged almost like fingers, saw-toothed and bluish-green, sometimes reddish.

The inflorescence is called loosely trugdoldig. The hermaphroditic, radial symmetry flowers are usually five-fold, rarely seven-fold. The green, narrow-lanceolate outer sepals are half as long as the broad-lanceolate, pointed sepals. The five sepals, which are dark red-brown on top and incline together, are twice as long as the petals, they enlarge until the fruit is ripe. The five purple-colored petals are 3 to 8 millimeters long and narrow. The 20 stamens are black-purple in color. The flowering period is between June and July (August).

When the fruit ripens, the calyx is thickened and the outer calyx remains. The numerous 1.5 mm long fruits are smooth and shiny and have a hooked, curved tip.

The species has chromosome number 2n = 28, 42 or 64.

Stem leaf, buds
blossom

ecology

The swamp blood-eye is an herbaceous chamaephyte or hemicryptophyte .

The flowers are formerly "nectar-bearing disc flowers". The conspicuously colored, enlarged calyx acts as a display organ. A disc-shaped nectar gland excretes nectar between the stamens and fruit base, which attracts flies , bees and bumblebees to pollinate.

The bloom axis, which is strawberry-like at the time of fruiting, but not fleshy and usually does not separate from the bloom, carries a large number of nuts that detach individually. There is Velcro spread by waterfowl . Since the fruit walls have a delicate floating tissue, it also comes to swimming spread with a swimming duration of up to twelve months. The fruit ripens from August to October.

Vegetative reproduction takes place through torn off stem or rhizome sections that easily take root on moist soil.

Occurrence

The swamp blood-eye is common in Europe , Siberia , Iceland , Greenland and North America .

It occurs scattered, from the lowlands to the mountains and populates mainly low and intermediate moors as well as generally wet, temporarily flooded, moderately acidic peat and mud soils. Open areas of mud are overgrown with preference, where the species with its long “rootstock” has enough space to spread out. It can also be found in swinging lawns and gradually forms a swaying carpet on the surface of boggy waters. It is a weak Caricion lasiocarpae association character in Central Europe, but also occurs in societies of the Magnocaricion. The swamp blood-eye is on the red list in many regions because of its specialization in the highly endangered habitat type bog .

In the Allgäu, the swamp blood eye on the Hochalpsee near Widderstein in Vorarlberg rises up to 1960 m.

Systematics

This species was first published in 1753 by Carl von Linné as Comarum palustre . The currently accepted name Potentilla palustris (L.) Scop. was published by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli in 1771 .

use

The rhizome contains a lot of tannins and a red dye. This was previously used against diarrhea as well as for tanning and dyeing red.

literature

  • Elfrune Wendelberger: Plants of the wetlands: bodies of water, moors, floodplains (= BLV intensive guide ). BLV, Munich / Vienna / Zurich 1986, ISBN 3-405-12967-2 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .

Individual evidence

  1. a b Potentilla palustris. In: Info Flora - The national data and information center for Swiss flora .
  2. a b c d e f Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait . 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 , p. 233 .
  3. a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  4. Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings . Volume 2, page 66. IHW, Eching near Munich, 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 66.
  5. Carl von Linné: Species Plantarum. Volume 1, Lars Salvius, Stockholm 1753, p. 502, digitizedhttp: //vorlage_digitalisat.test/1%3Dhttp%3A%2F%2Fwww.biodiversitylibrary.org%2Fopenurl%3Fpid%3Dtitle%3A669%26volume%3D1%26issue%3D%26spage%3D502%26date%3D1753~GB%3D~ IA% 3D ~ MDZ% 3D% 0A ~ SZ% 3D ~ double-sided% 3D ~ LT% 3D ~ PUR% 3D
  6. ^ Giovanni Antonio Scopoli: Flora carniolica exhibens plantas Carnioliae indigenas et distributas in classes, genera, species, varietates, ordine linnaeano. Editio secunda aucta et reformata. Ioannis Paulus Krauss, Vienna, p. 395 as a PDF file .

Web links

Commons : Swamp Blood Eye ( Comarum palustre )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files