Polar cinquefoil
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Polar cinquefoil ( Potentilla hyparctica ) in northern Iceland |
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| Potentilla hyparctica | ||||||||||||
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The polar finger herb ( Potentilla hyparctica ) is a plant from the genus of Potentilla ( Potentilla ) in the family Rosaceae (Rosaceae). It has a subarctic distribution area.
Description and ecology
Appearance and leaf
The polar cinquefoil grows as a perennial herbaceous plant and reaches stature heights of usually 5 to 12 (1 to 15) centimeters. A tap root is formed. Its branched stems lying on or in the ground or standing upright have a diameter of 5 to 12 millimeters. They are covered with withered ("marcescenten"), brown, scale-shaped, 6 to 11 mm long, 1 to 2 (rarely up to 3) millimeter wide, hairy stipules .
The alternate in dense rosettes arranged leaves are stalked and assembled. The hairy petiole is usually 10 to 20 (5 to 40) millimeters long. The leaf blade, which is usually 8 to 15 (5 to 20) millimeters long and usually 10 to 15 (8 to 20) millimeters wide, is usually three to five, rarely seven-fingered. The usually 6 to 12 (4 to 15) millimeters long and mostly 5 to 8 (3 to 12) millimeters wide leaflets often have star-shaped hairs ( trichomes ). The underside of the leaves usually has dense hairs that collect in small clusters at the tips of the leaf lobes. The leaf margin is serrated. The leaves can wither before the end of the growing season. These dead leaves remain between the fresh, green leaves and protect the vegetation from low temperatures.
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowers stand alone or in pairs to a maximum of four together in inflorescences that sit on the brown-red stems. The polar cinquefoil develops large, radially symmetrical , hermaphroditic flowers that are up to 1.5 centimeters in diameter on 2 to 20 centimeters long (rarely higher) pedicels . An outer calyx made of narrower, shorter bracts surrounds the calyx, which, like the entire upper part of the inflorescence, is densely hairy. The five free, green or reddish-brown sepals are ovate. The five free, light yellow petals have a length of mostly 5 to 8 (4 to 10) millimeters and a width of mostly 4 to 6 (3.5 to 7) millimeters wide. There are 15 to 30 stamens present. The 30 to 45 free carpels are uppermost. The straight stylus are 0.6 to 0.8 millimeters long. The nectar-rich flowers only open completely in the sun. They are pollinated by various insects .
The calyx is easily recognizable on the sessile, dry, green or straw-colored collective fruit when ripe . The egg-shaped fruit, 0.9 to 1.2 millimeters long and 0.7 to 1 millimeter wide, is made up of many nuts.
Chromosome set
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 42.
Occurrence
The polar cinquefoil is circumpolar , with a focus on amphi-bering. In addition to the arctic occurrences, the polar cinquefoil also colonizes isolated areas in the mountains of temperate regions.
The polar cinquefoil thrives on soil that is not too moist , which is usually protected by a blanket of snow even in winter. These include u. a. Mountain slopes, tundra vegetation , dry heathland and flowing earth soils . Further to the north, sparsely vegetated wasteland , the protected depressions of polygonal floors and wind ridges are also populated. The polar cinquefoil thrives on both calcareous and acidic subsoil. However, it often only grows sparingly on calcareous soils. It is indifferent to the nutrient content in the soil. The subsoil usually consists of gravel, sand, loam or clay. Rocky subsoil is rarely settled.
Systematics
The first description of Potentilla hyparctica was in 1934 by Malte Oscar Malte . The type material was collected in Canada. The specific epithet hyparctica comes from the Greek root hypo for lower or lower and arctica for the arctic origin, thus a reference to the subarctic distribution area of Potentilla hyparctica . Synonyms for Potentilla hyparctica Malte are: Potentilla groenlandica Malte , Potentilla emarginata Pursh non Desf. , Potentilla robbinsiana subsp. hyparctica (Malte) D.Löve , Potentilla gelida subsp. hyparctica (Malte) Kozhevn. , Potentilla emarginata subsp. nana (DFKSchltdl.) Hultén , Potentilla flabellifolia var. emarginata (Ser.) B. Boivin .
Potentilla hyparctica belongs to the subgenus Dynamidium in the genus Potentilla .
literature
- SG Aiken, MJ Dallwitz, LL Consaul, CL McJannet, LJ Gillespie, RL Boles, GW Argus, JM Gillett, PJ Scott, R. Elven, MC LeBlanc, AK Brysting, H. Solstad: Potentilla hyparctica Malte sl , in Flora of the Canadian Arctic Archipelago : - Online at DELTA, 2011. (English)
- TW Böcher, K. Holmen, K. Jakobsen: Grönlands Flora , 2nd ed. P. Haase & Søns, Copenhagen, 1966.
- E. Lindner, K. Meister: The small Spitzbergen flora: portraits of interesting plants of the archipelago , 2006, ISBN 3-8334-5132-7
- OI Rønning: Svalbards Flora , 3rd edition. Norsk Polarinstitutt: Oslo, 1996. ISBN 82-7666-101-7
Individual evidence
- ↑ Potentilla hyparctica at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ↑ a b Potentilla hyparctica at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed November 7, 2015.
- ^ Arto Kurtto, 2009: Rosaceae (pro parte majore). : Potentilla hyparctica. In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
