Small-flowered cinquefoil

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Small-flowered cinquefoil
Potentilla micrantha 02.jpg

Small-flowered cinquefoil ( Potentilla micrantha )

Systematics
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Subfamily : Rosoideae
Tribe : Potentilleae
Genre : Finger herbs ( potentilla )
Type : Small-flowered cinquefoil
Scientific name
Potentilla micrantha
Ramond ex DC.

The Small-finger herb ( Potentilla micrantha ), also Rhine finger herb called, is a plant from the genus of Potentilla ( Potentilla ) within the family of Rosaceae (Rosaceae). It is distributed from North Africa across Western , Southern and Central Europe and Asia Minor to the Caucasus .

description

Illustration from storm
Split leaves and five-fold flowers

Appearance and leaf

The small-flowered cinquefoil is a wintering green, perennial herbaceous plant that reaches heights of growth of 5 to 10 centimeters. It does not form runners . The vegetative parts of the plant are densely hairy.

The standing together in undergraduate rosette leaves overhanging the flower stems. The upper side of the leaf is dark green and hairy loosely and the underside of the leaf is lighter green, but not bluish green, and hairy rather closely. The leaf blade is divided in the shape of a hand and has three 1 to 5 centimeters long, obovate leaf sections with six to eleven pointed teeth on each side. The stipules are 3 to 5 millimeters long and 6 to 9 millimeters wide, triangular-ovate with a pointed upper end.

Inflorescence, flower and fruit

The flowers stand individually or in pairs, at most three on a stem.

The hermaphrodite flowers are radially symmetrical and five-fold. The five hairy sepals alternate with the five hairy sepals. They are each of the same shape and broadly triangular or ovate-lanceolate with a length of 3 to 7.5 millimeters and a width of 2 to 5 millimeters. The five sepals are purple inside. The petals are at most as long as the sepals. The five free, white and at their base more or less pink petals are 3 to 5 (to 8) millimeters long and 3 to 3.3 millimeters wide and more or less obovate. There are many stamens present. The stamens are broadened like a ribbon, almost as wide as the anthers and ciliate at least on the lower half. The anthers are 0.3 to 0.5 millimeters long and egg-shaped. The nectar disc is yellow to orange in color. There are many free carpels . The thread-like stylus is 1.8 to 2 millimeters long.

The flower base does not swell when the fruit ripens. The 1.5 to 1.8 millimeters long, 1.2 to 1.8 millimeters wide, 0.8 to 0.9 millimeters high and about 0.6 g heavy, egg-shaped nuts are tiny wrinkled. There is an elaiosome .

The flowering period in Switzerland and Germany extends from March to May.

Chromosome set

There is diploidy , the number of chromosomes is 2n = 14.

ecology

The small-flowered cinquefoil is a hemicryptophyte .

From an ecological point of view, these are disc flowers with more or less hidden nectar . The pollination is effected by insects ( Entomophilie ).

The diaspores are the nuts.

Occurrence and endangerment

The small-flowered cinquefoil is widespread from North Africa through West , South and Central Europe as well as Asia Minor to the Caucasus . The small-flowered cinquefoil occurs in Central Europe in Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Occasionally it can be found on the Upper Rhine , in the Vosges , in western Switzerland , in the Swiss Jura , in the Bernese Oberland , in the Valais and at the foot of the Alps , as well as in Upper and Lower Austria and Styria . It rarely occurs in Carinthia .

In Germany the small-flowered cinquefoil occurs very locally and scattered in the Middle Rhine , the southern Hunsrück and the central Palatinate, and rarely in the Eifel . There are isolated deposits around Schaffhausen and in the Karwendel . There are individual finds in northwestern Hesse. In Bavaria there is information about the location of the Mangfall Mountains in the Miesbach district on the slopes of the Schlier , Tegern and Spitzing lakes . For Germany, the small-flowered cinquefoil is rated as not endangered, in Baden-Württemberg and Rhineland-Palatinate it is not endangered, in Hamburg it occurs only inconsistently, in Hesse it is potentially endangered and it is in the Red List of Bavaria from the year Classified as endangered in 2003.

The small-flowered cinquefoil needs calcareous , humus-rich clay soils in areas with a warm summer climate , but it prefers partial shade. It inhabits light deciduous forests and accompanies warmth-loving bushes. It thrives in societies of the order Quercetalia pubescentis, but also occurs in societies of the Erico-Pinion, Berberidion or Carpinion associations.

Systematics

The first description of Potentilla micrantha was made in 1805 by de Candolle Augustin-Pyrame based on by Louis Ramond collected and temporarily Named material. The specific epithet micrantha means "smallest flowered". Synonyms for Potentilla micrantha Ramond ex DC. are: Potentilla breviscapa Vest , Potentilla fragaria Ten. nom. illeg., Potentilla parviflora Clairv. , Potentilla tineoi Lojac. , Potentilla fragariastrum subsp. micrantha (DC.) Bonnier & Layens and Potentilla micrantha subsp. breviscapa (Vest) chamois .

Potentilla micrantha belongs within the genus Potentilla to the subgenus Fragariastrum (Heist. Ex Fabr.) Rchb.

literature

  • A. Guillén, Enrique Rico: Potentilla . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Carmen Navarro (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Vol. VI. Rosaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1998, ISBN 84-00-06221-3 , p. 139 ( floraiberica.es [PDF]).
  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 3 : Evening primrose plants to reddish plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e small-flowered cinquefoil. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g PW Ball, B. Pawłowski, SM Walters: Potentilla. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 2: Rosaceae to Umbelliferae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1968, ISBN 0-521-06662-X , pp. 47 (English, limited preview in Google Book search).
  3. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k A. Guillén, Enrique Rico: Potentilla . In: Santiago Castroviejo, Félix Muñoz Garmendia, Carmen Navarro (eds.): Flora Ibérica. Plantas vasculares de la Península Ibérica e Islas Baleares. Vol. VI. Rosaceae . Real Jardín Botánico, CSIC, Madrid 1998, ISBN 84-00-06221-3 , p. 139 ( floraiberica.es [PDF]).
  4. ↑ a b c d e f data sheet at BiolFlor - the database on biological-ecological characteristics of vascular plants in Germany , Version 1.1 ( Memento of the original from March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / www2.ufz.de
  5. ↑ Potentilla micrantha. Data sheet from Info Flora, the national data and information center for Swiss flora .
  6. ↑ Potentilla micrantha at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
  7. ↑ a b A. Kurtto: Rosaceae (pro parte majore). Potentilla micrantha. In: Euro + Med Plantbase. The information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Berlin 2009.
  8. ↑ a b data sheet from Flora von Deutschland - a picture database , version 2.32 by Michael Hassler and Bernd Schmitt.
  9. ↑ a b Profile and distribution map for Bavaria . In: Botanical Information Hub of Bavaria .
  10. ^ Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  537 .
  11. ↑ Jean-Baptiste Pierre Antoine de Monet de Lamarck, Augustin-Pyramus de Candolle: Flore française, ou descriptions succinctes de toutes les plantes qui croissent naturellement en France, Disposées selon une nouvelle Méthode d'Analyse, et précédées par un Exposé des Principes élémentaires de la Botanique. 3. Edition. Volume 4, part 2, H. Agasse, Paris 1805, p. 468 (PDF).
  12. ↑ Potentilla micrantha at Tropicos.org. Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis, accessed May 15, 2014.
  13. ↑ Data sheet with photos by Günther Blaich.

Web links

Commons : Small-flowered cinquefoil ( Potentilla micrantha )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files