Clove wort
| Clove wort | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Brook avens ( Geum rivale ) |
||||||||||||
| Systematics | ||||||||||||
|
||||||||||||
| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Geum | ||||||||||||
| L. |
The Geum ( Geum ) are a genus within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae).
description
_(14793421133).jpg)
Vegetative characteristics
Clove root species are perennial herbaceous plants . The leaves are divided into a petiole and a leaf blade. Carnation root species have a basal rosette of unpaired pinnate leaves, the terminal lobes of which are enlarged, as are the two uppermost lobes. The upright inflorescence stem grows from the axils of the rosette leaves and is leafy, the stem-borne leaves are less incised than those of the rosette.
Generative characteristics
The inflorescence is terminal, sympodial and mostly little-flowered. The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry . The flower cup is bowl-shaped to cup-shaped or inverted-cone-shaped, there is an outer calyx (exception: Geum vernum ), its lobes are smaller than the actual sepals , they are flush with one another or slightly overlap one another. The colors of the petals are often yellow, white, red, pink or purple also occur.
Occasionally there is a (never excellent) discus between the numerous stamens (20 to many). The stylus are also numerous and grow from the base of the flower cup or from a cone-like to cylindrical ring, the lower part of which is formed into a gynophore in some species . At their end they divide into stylus branches, the lower part of which elongates after flowering, is permanent and hook-shaped, while the upper part falls off. The scars are point-shaped.
When fruits are formed achenes . The seeds have a membranous shell.
The basic chromosome number is x = 7. The majority of all species have hexaploidy ; the number of chromosomes is usually 2n = 42, but 28, 56, 70 and 84 also occur.
Locations
Carnation species are found in open vegetation and forests, occasionally as "weeds".
Systematics and distribution
The genus Geum was established by Carl von Linné . Synonyms for Geum L. are: Acomastylis Greene , Erythrocoma Greene , Neosieversia Bolle , Novosieversia F.Bolle , Oncostylus (Schltdl.) F.Bolle , Stylypus Raf. , Parageum Nakai & H.Hara .
The genus Geum belongs to the tribe Colurieae in the subfamily Rosoideae within the family Rosaceae .
The avens species are widespread in Eurasia , North and South America and with one species in South Africa.
There are about 30 species of clove root (selection):
Species found in Central Europe:
- Mountain avens ( Geum montanum L. )
- Creeping clove root ( Geum reptans L. )
- Brook avens ( Geum rivale L. ): It is widespread in the northern hemisphere in Eurasia and North America.
- True clove root ( Geum urbanum L. ): It is widespread in Eurasia and North Africa. In Australia and New Zealand it is a neophyte .
Other types:
- Geum aleppicum Jacq. : It occurs in Poland , Hungary , Romania , Slovakia , Asia and North America and is a neophyte in New Zealand.
- Geum bulgaricum Pančić
- Geum calthifolium Menzies ex Sm . : It occurs in Japan , in Kamchatka , on the Kuril Islands , in Alaska and British Columbia .
- Geum canadense Jacq. : It occurs in the Canadian provinces of Quebec , Nova Scotia , Ontario , New Brunswick and in the eastern to central United States.
- Geum chiloense Balb. ex Ser.
- Geum capense Thunb. : It is the onlyspecies foundin South Africa .
- Red avens ( Geum coccineum Sibth. & Sm. ): It occurs on the Balkan Peninsula and in Turkey .
- Geum elatum Wall. ex G.Don
- Geum heterocarpum Boiss.
- Geum japonicum Thunb. : It occurs in Japan, Korea , China and the Kuril Islands .
- Geum leiospermum Petrie
- Geum macrophyllum Willd. : It occurs in Japan, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin , Canada and the United States. In Europe she is a neophyte.
- Geum molle Vis. & Pančić : It occurs in Italy and on the Balkan Peninsula.
- Geum parviflorum Comm. ex Sm.
- Geum peckii Pursh : It occurs in New Hampshire , Vermont and in Nova Scotia ,Canada.
- Geum pentapetalum (L.) Makino : It occurs in Alaska , Japan, the Kuril Islands, Sakhalin and Kamchatka.
- Geum pyrenaicum Mill.
- Geum quellyon Sweet (Syn .: Geum chiloense hort.): It occurs in Chile .
- Geum rhodopeum Stoj. & Stef.
- Geum rossii (R.Br.) Ser. : It occurs in Canada, the United States, Kamchatka and Magadan Oblast .
- Geum sikkimense Prain
- Geum sylvaticum Pourret
- Geum triflorum Pursh : It occurs in the Canadian provinces of Alberta and British Columbia and in the western United States.
- Geum turbinatum Rydb.
- Geum uniflorum book
- Geum vernum (Raf.) Torr. & A.Gray
- Virginia clove root ( Geum virginianum L. ): It occurs in the Canadian province of Ontario and in the eastern to central United States.
swell
literature
- Cornelis Kalkman: Rosaceae . In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants . Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. tape 6 . Springer Science & Business Media, 2004, ISBN 3-540-06512-1 , pp. 367 ( Geum in Google Book Search). (Sections Description and Locations)
- JEE Smedmark, T. Eriksson: Phylogenetic relationships of Geum (Rosaceae) and relative inferred from the nrITS and trnL-trnF regions. Syst. Bot. , Volume 27, 2002, pp. 303-317.
- JEE Smedmark: Recircumscription of Geum (Colurieae: Rosaceae). In: Bot. Jahrb. Syst. , Volume 126, 2006, pp. 409-417.
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Geum in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 16, 2017.
