Mountain carnation

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Mountain carnation
Mountain avens (Geum montanum)

Mountain avens ( Geum montanum )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Rose-like (rosales)
Family : Rose family (Rosaceae)
Genre : Clove wort ( geum )
Type : Mountain carnation
Scientific name
Geum montanum
L.

The Avens Mountain ( Geum montanum ), also called Alpine Peter Bart, is a plant from the plant genus of Geum ( Geum ) within the family of the rose family (Rosaceae).

description

Illustration from The Floral Cabinet , 1838
Blossom, infructescence and three-column stem leaves

The mountain carnation grows as a perennial herbaceous plant that reaches a height of 5 to 10 centimeters at flowering time and a height of up to 30, rarely up to 40 centimeters at fruiting time. In contrast to the creeping clove root ( Geum reptans ) it has no runners. The mountain carnation forms a strong taproot .

The stalked basal leaves are lyre-shaped pinnate with a large, serrated terminal leaflet, which is 6 centimeters long and 5 centimeters wide and is much larger than the lateral pinnate.

The flowering period extends from May to July, occasionally again in autumn. Flowering stems arise individually or in groups in the axils of the basal leaves. The stem leaves are small, undivided or with three columns. A densely hairy stem usually bears one (rarely two) flowers.

The flowers are radially symmetrical with a diameter of 2 to 4 centimeters . The five outer sepals are linear-lanceolate. The five green sepals are broadly linear. The usually five, rarely six to eight petals are golden yellow. The style is not articulated and remains on the fruit until it is ripe and is then hairy for a long time.

Chromosome set

According to Krahulcová 1994, the predominant clan of mountain carnation is hexaploid with a chromosome number of 2n = 42; Occasionally there are reports of tetraploid plant specimens with a chromosome number of 2n = 28.

ecology

The mountain carnation is a mesomorphic hemicryptophyte . The mountain carnation overwinters with a green rosette of leaves. It is therefore exposed to very low temperatures and high light intensities when the snow melts. Manuel et al. In 1999 they used biophysical methods to investigate the mechanisms that allow the plant to do this. The mountain carnation has a mycorrhiza .

The pollination is done by insects . The flowers are proterandric and are mainly visited by flies . In addition to hermaphrodite plants, there are also those with only stamens.

The fruits are typical "feather tail fliers" due to the dense hairs of the stylus, which is strongly elongated after the anthesis , but not hook-shaped and thus adapted to the strong winds of the mountains. But they are also spread as watery.

Host plant

In 1939 Klimesch discovered a dwarf miner moth in the Styrian mountains , whose caterpillars create mine tunnels in the leaves of the mountain avens. He named this new species Stigmella geimontani after its host . So far it is only known from the Styrian Northeast Alps. In the Tatras , the caterpillars of Stigmella pretiosa var. Tatrensis were found on the leaves of the mountain carnation.

Two parasitic fungi Peronospora gei and Taphrina potentillae live on the mountain carnation, although they are not restricted to this host plant.

Occurrence

The mountain avens occurs in the European mountains from the Pyrenees , French Massif Central, southern Jura, Alps , Giant Mountains , Carpathians to the Balkans, Apennines and Corsica . It thrives mainly at altitudes of 1700 to 2600 meters. In the Alps, according to Dörr and Lippert, it grows at altitudes of 1500 to 2500 meters. In Austria it occurs frequently to absent-minded in the subalpine to alpine altitude range . Preferred locations are pasture lawns, dwarf shrub heaths and tall herbaceous vegetation . She is an association characteristic species of Nardion, but also comes in plant communities of the associations Salicion herbaceae or Caricion curvulae ago.

Illustration from Jacob Sturm : Flora of Germany in illustrations based on nature. (there called Geum montanum L. Berg-Benediktenkraut )

Taxonomy

The first publication of Geum montanum was made in 1753 by Carl Linnaeus in Species Plantarum , 1, page 501. The specific epithet montanum is growing on the mountain. A synonyms for Geum montanum L. are: Sieversia montana (L.) R.Br. , Bernullia montana (L.) Raf. , Caryophyllata montana (L.) Scop. , Oreogeum montanum (L.) EIGolubk. , Parageum montanum (L.) H. Hara , Bernullia acaulis (L.) Raf. , Geum alpinum Mill.

Ingredients, use as a herb and medicinal plant and common names

This article or the following section is not adequately provided with supporting documents ( e.g. individual evidence ). Information without sufficient evidence could be removed soon. Please help Wikipedia by researching the information and including good evidence.

The “rhizome” contains eugenol (clove oil) and tannins . The drug was previously used as a clove substitute like real clove root ( Geum urbanum ). The leaves also contain tannins that were previously used officially. In folk medicine , clove root was used against dysentery and blood urine, hence the common name Ruhrwurz and Trüebchrut. It is also called Petersbart, after the hairy fruit bowls.

use

The mountain carnation is used as an ornamental plant , for example in wild plant gardens.

literature

  • Xaver Finkenzeller, Jürke Grau: Alpine flowers. Recognize and determine (=  Steinbach's natural guide ). Mosaik, Munich 2002, ISBN 3-576-11482-3 .
  • Manfred A. Fischer, Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 2nd, improved and enlarged edition. State of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2005, ISBN 3-85474-140-5 .
  • Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe, Volume IV, Part A , 2nd edition, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich, 1966.
  • Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Geum montanum L., Berg-Nelkenwurz. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ Anna Krahulcová: Cytogeography of Geum montanum (Rosaceae). In: Folia Geobotanica . Volume 29, 1994, pp. 85-90.
  3. ↑ N. Manuel, G. Cornic, S. Aubert, P. Choler, R. Bligny, U. Heber: Protection against photoinhibition in the alpine plant Geum montanum. In: Oecologia , Volume 119, 1999, pp. 149–158 PDF full text .
  4. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas. 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 544.
  5. ↑ Josef Klimesch: Description of some new Nepticula species (Lep., Nepticulidae). In: Journal of the Austrian Entomological Association , Volume 25, 1940, pages 79–81 and 89–94 PDF full text part 1 PDF full text part 2 .
  6. ↑ A. Borkowski: Studies on Stigmeliden (Lep.). Part III. Contribution to the stigmelid fauna of Poland. In: Polskie pism. ent. Volume 40, 1970, pp. 541-555.
  7. ^ Gustav Hegi : Illustrierte Flora von Mitteleuropa , Volume IV, Part A, 2nd Edition, Carl Hanser Verlag Munich, 1966. P. 417.
  8. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , pp. 64-65.
  9. ↑ a b A. Kurtto, 2009: Rosaceae (pro parte majore). Datasheet Geum montanum In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

Commons : Berg-Nelkenwurz ( Geum montanum )  - album with pictures, videos and audio files