Meadowsweet
| Meadowsweet | ||||||||||||
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Meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria ) |
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| Filipendula | ||||||||||||
| Mill. |
Meadowsweet ( Filipendula ) (also Spierstaude ; lat. Spirea ) is a genus in the rose family (Rosaceae), which occurs in the temperate zones of the northern hemisphere . The name Filipendula from filum = thread and pendulus = hanging down has the genus of the tuberous meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris ) hanging on threads . It was initially only used in botany for this species and only later extended to the entire genus. This name appears for the first time in a 12th century recipe collection from Salerno by Nicolaus Praepositus.
description
Meadowsweet species are perennial, subdiocese , herbaceous plants . The leaves are both in a rosette and alternate on the stem and are pinnate interrupted. Stipules are present, relatively large and incised on the edge.
The inflorescence is a spiral-like compound cluster or funnel panicle . The flowers are five, rarely to seven, hermaphroditic or rarely unisexual.
The flower cup is weakly cup-shaped and open at the top, an outer calyx is missing. The recurved and permanent sepals adjoin each other, but do not overlap. The petals are white, cream, pink or red.
A discus is not visible, there are twenty to forty-five stamens . The five to fifteen (rarely less) pistils start at the bottom of the flower cup or a low ring. The two ovules are attached hanging.
The fruits are follicle-like achenes with a firm pericarp that do not open and only carry one seed. The seeds have very little endosperm . The number of chromosomes is 2n = 14, 28 or 42, aneuploidies are regularly found .
distribution
Meadowsweet species are found in Europe and the temperate latitudes of Asia as far as Yunnan and in the Himalayas as well as in eastern North America. They grow in forests and on open spots (grasslands), often with moist soils.
Systematics
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The genus meadowsweet ( Filipendula ) was first described by Philip Miller in 1754 . It is placed in the subfamily Rosoideae of the rose family without assignment to a tribe or supertribus and comprises 15 species, including:
- Kamchatka meadowsweet ( Filipendula kamtschatica (Pall.) Maxim. ), Native to: Japan, Manchuria, Kamchatka
- Pink meadowsweet ( Filipendula palmata (Pall.) Maxim. ). Homeland: Eastern Siberia, Amur region, Sakhalin, Kamchatka, Mongolia, China, Japan
- Japanese meadowsweet ( Filipendula purpurea Maxim. ), Origin: Japan
- American meadowsweet or prairie meadowsweet ( Filipendula rubra (Hill) BL Rob. ), Home: USA
- True meadowsweet ( Filipendula ulmaria (L.) Maxim. ), Native to: Europe, Asia, naturalized in North America
- Small meadowsweet or bulbous meadowsweet ( Filipendula vulgaris Moench ; Syn .: Filipendula hexapetala Gil. ), Native to Europe, Asia, naturalized in North America.
literature
- C. Kalkman: Rosaceae. In: Klaus Kubitzki (Ed.): The Families and Genera of Vascular Plants - Volume VI - Flowering Plants - Dicotyledons - Celastrales, Oxalidales, Rosales, Cornales, Ericales. Springer-Verlag , Berlin 2004, p. 361, ISBN 978-3-540-06512-8
- Walter Erhardt among others: The big pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
supporting documents
- ^ Heinrich E. Weber : Rosaceae . In Gustav Hegi : Illustrated Flora of Central Europe . 3rd edition Volume IV, Part 2 A, page 275. Blackwell-Wissenschafts-Verlag Berlin 1995. ISBN 3-8263-3016-1
