Forage comfrey
| Forage comfrey | ||||||||||||
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Food comfrey ( Symphytum × uplandicum ) |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Symphytum × uplandicum | ||||||||||||
| Nyman |
The fodder comfrey is a species of plant in the predatory leaf family (Boraginaceae). It is also called "bastard comfrey" and is a hybrid whose parents are rough comfrey and true comfrey .
description
Appearance and leaf
Forage comfrey grows as a perennial herbaceous plant with thickened roots . With the stalks, it reaches heights of up to 2 meters. The above-ground parts of the plant are downy to stiff-haired, but not prickly haired .
The alternate leaves are simple . The upper stem leaves are sessile, short run down or more or less encompassing the stem . The approximately 25 centimeters long leaf blade is never heart-shaped. There are no stipules .
Inflorescence, flower and fruit
The flowering period extends from May to August. The inflorescence is a terminal double wrap . It has no cover sheets .
The hermaphroditic flowers are radial symmetry and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The five sepals are fused into a 5 to 7 millimeter long calyx with usually pointed calyx lobes. The five petals are either initially pink and later blue or constantly purple. The corolla measures 12 to 18 millimeters in diameter. In the corolla tube there are five coronet scales, which are broadly triangular-lanceolate like the common comfrey, but not as wide at the base. The stamens of the stamens standing in a circle to five are narrower than the anthers.
The fruits are Klausen fruits , which disintegrate into four egg-shaped and upright partial fruits.
Chromosome number
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 36.
ecology
The spread of the fodder comfrey occurred mainly through humans z. B. with the topsoil; so the plant became a cultural relict and a cultural refugee.
Once naturalized, it can become a pesky weed that overgrows native species.
However, the plant provides the best composting material and mulch material.
It is also useful as a fodder plant for bees because of the abundant visit from insects .
Occurrence
The original range of the forage comfrey is Asia. It was once introduced as a fodder plant in numerous European countries and on the Azores , it became wild in a row and is now naturalized worldwide. In Central Europe he can be found in Germany , Liechtenstein , Austria and the Czech Republic . In Austria, forage comfrey was previously grown as pig feed and is now rarely found wild or naturalized on ruderal areas and floodplains . It occurs in all federal states except Salzburg .
Systematics
Symphytum × uplandicum was first described by Carl Frederik Nyman in Sylloge Florae Europaeae , page 80, in 1855 . A synonym for Symphytum × uplandicum are Symphytum asperum auct. non Lepech. and Symphytum peregrinum auct. non Lepech. . It is a hybrid of the rough comfrey and the real comfrey ( Symphytum asperum × Symphytum officinale ). Symphytum × uplandicum is in turn a parent of two hybrids described in 2009:
- Symphytum × hidcotense P.D.Sell : The second parent is the large-flowered comfrey ( Symphytum grandiflorum ) DC.
- Symphytum × perringianum P.H. Oswald & PDSell : The second parent is the oriental comfrey ( Symphytum orientale ) L.
use
Medical applications
The plant parts of the fodder comfrey are used for medicinal purposes. They are applied in the form of ointments and lead to better wound healing and help with muscle and joint pain, among other things.
Use as a garden plant
Symphytum × uplandicum 'Variegatum' is a variety with cream-colored bandaged leaves.
swell
literature
- Bogumil Pawłowski: Symphytum. In: TG Tutin, VH Heywood, NA Burges, DM Moore, DH Valentine, SM Walters, DA Webb (eds.): Flora Europaea . Volume 3: Diapensiaceae to Myoporaceae . Cambridge University Press, Cambridge 1972, ISBN 0-521-08489-X , pp. 103-104 (English, limited preview in Google Book Search - Key to Symphytum and description of Symphytum × uplandicum , from the unmodified reprint from 2010 ( ISBN 978-0-521-15368-3 )).
- Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of plants in Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
Individual evidence
- ^ A b Manfred A. Fischer, Karl Oswald, Wolfgang Adler: Excursion flora for Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol . 3rd, improved edition. Province of Upper Austria, Biology Center of the Upper Austrian State Museums, Linz 2008, ISBN 978-3-85474-187-9 , p. 695 .
- ↑ a b c d David Janßen: Food Comfrey. Symphytum × uplandicum . In: Flora Emslandia - plants in the Emsland. Retrieved February 21, 2012 .
- ↑ a b food comfrey. In: FloraWeb.de. last accessed February 21, 2012 with distribution map for Germany online
- ↑ Food Comfrey / Bastard Comfrey / Comfrey. In: Botanik im Bild / Flora of Austria, Liechtenstein and South Tyrol. The Natural History Museum Vienna, accessed on February 21, 2012 (Wild Plants Austria - Image Database).
- ^ Symphytum x uplandicum. Included taxa. (No longer available online.) In: The Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin-Dahlem, January 2011, archived from the original on November 3, 2013 ; Retrieved on February 21, 2012 (after B. Valdés (2011): Boraginaceae). Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ Symphytum × uplandicum. In: Tropicos. Missouri Botanical Garden, accessed February 21, 2012 .
- ^ GRIN Taxonomy for Plants. Taxon: Symphytum × uplandicum . In: Germplasm Resources Information Network. United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Area, accessed February 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Symphytum uplandicum. Plant name details. In: IPNI - The International Plant Names Index. Retrieved February 21, 2012 .
- ↑ Milos Barna, Alexander Kucera, Marie Hladícova, Miroslav Kucera: The wound-healing effect of a Symphytum Herba extract cream (Symphytum × uplandicum Nyman): result . In: WMW Wiener Medical Wochenschrift . tape 157 , no. 21-22 . Springer Verlag, 2009, ISSN 1563-258X , p. 569-574 , doi : 10.1007 / s10354-007-0474-y (English, German).
- ↑ Trauma comfrey (Latin Symphytum x uplandicum Nyman). In: Ratgeber Heilpflanzemedizin.de. Retrieved February 22, 2012 .
- ↑ Gordon Cheers (Ed.): Botanica: The ABC of plants. 10,000 species in text and images . Könemann / Tandem, Cologne 2003, ISBN 3-89731-900-4 , Symphytum , p. 867 ( Symphytum × uplandicum ).
Web links
- Jouko Lehmuskallio: forage comfrey Symphytum × uplandicum. In: NatureGate. Retrieved February 21, 2012 .