Mountain clover

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Mountain clover
Mountain clover (Trifolium montanum)

Mountain clover ( Trifolium montanum )

Systematics
Family : Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily : Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe : Trifolieae
Genre : Clover ( trifolium )
Section : Lotoidea
Type : Mountain clover
Scientific name
Trifolium montanum
L.

The mountain clover ( Trifolium montanum ) is a species in the subfamily of the Pea family (Faboideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). It is common in Eurasia .

description

Stem with leaves and inflorescence
Inflorescence, anterior flowers removed.
Some buds still bloom
The inflorescence is a bractose umbel: the flowers sit in the axilla of small bracts.
Head-shaped inflorescences
blossom

The mountain clover grows as a deciduous, perennial herbaceous plant and usually reaches heights of 15 to 40 centimeters. The upright stem is woolly hairy ( trichomes ) along its entire length . At the bottom, the leaf rosette is covered with the remains of old leaf sheaths.

The feathery leaves consist of three pinna leaflet . The leaflets with spiky serrations on the edge are elongated-lanceolate and hairy on the underside. The stipules are ovate and pointed.

The main flowering time is from May to July. On a stem there are usually two head-shaped inflorescences , which usually reach a diameter of 15 to 20 millimeters. The flower stalk is about 1 millimeter long. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The subtle and straight forward calyx teeth are almost the same length and as long or slightly longer than the ten-nerved calyx tube. The 7 to 9 millimeter long crown is white to yellowish-white. After fading, the corolla turns reddish-gray-brown.

The fruit ripening begins in August. The legume is usually lonely.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.

ecology

The mountain clover is a hemicryptophyte .

The pollination is done by bees relatives as well as by day and moths .

The diaspores are subject to intestinal and random spread by grazing animals .

Occurrence

The mountain clover occurs in Central and Southern Europe . To the east it penetrates to Western Siberia , the Caucasus and Iran . In Germany , the mountain clover is widespread in the central and southern parts, in the north and northwest it is usually completely absent. In Austria and Switzerland is Trifolium montanum often found right.

The mountain clover grows in semi- arid grassland and in dry grassland communities. It usually thrives on warm, often clayey and humus-rich calcareous loam soils . In Central Europe, the mountain clover has its focus in societies of the Mesobromion or the Cirsio-Brachypodion. It rises in the Allgäu Alps at the summit of the Jöchelspitze in Tyrol to an altitude of 2226 meters.

literature

  • Henning Haeupler , Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany (= the fern and flowering plants of Germany. Volume 2). Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation. Ulmer, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-8001-3364-4 .
  • Wolfgang Adler, Karl Oswald, Raimund Fischer: Excursion flora of Austria. Ed .: Manfred A. Fischer . Ulmer, Stuttgart / Vienna 1994, ISBN 3-8001-3461-6 .
  • Christian Heitz: School and excursion flora for Switzerland. Taking into account the border areas. Identification book for wild growing vascular plants. Founded by August Binz. 18th completely revised and expanded edition. Schwabe & Co., Basel 1986, ISBN 3-7965-0832-4 .
  • Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora. With the collaboration of Theo Müller. 6th, revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1990, ISBN 3-8001-3454-3 .
  • Konrad von Weihe (ed.): Illustrated flora. Germany and neighboring areas. Vascular cryptogams and flowering plants. Founded by August Garcke. 23rd edition. Paul Parey, Berlin / Hamburg 1972, ISBN 3-489-68034-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Berg-Klee. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Stuttgart, Verlag Eugen Ulmer, 2001. Page 594. ISBN 3-8001-3131-5
  3. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 130.

Web links

Commons : Mountain clover ( Trifolium montanum )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files