Trifolium sect. Lotoidea

Trifolium sect. Lotoidea
	White clover ( Trifolium repens )
Systematics
Order :	Fabales (Fabales)
Family :	Legumes (Fabaceae)
Subfamily :	Butterflies (Faboideae)
Tribe :	Trifolieae
Genre :	Clover ( trifolium )
Section :	Trifolium sect. Lotoidea
Scientific name
	Trifolium sect. Lotoidea
	Crantz

Trifolium sect. Lotoidea is a section in the genus Klee ( Trifolium ) in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae). With around 99 species in the New World , Africa and Eurasia , it is the largest section of the genus Trifolium and the most taxonomically difficult. The species are so heterogeneous that the section has been divided into nine subsections and 13 series . Especially the classification of the American species is difficult. The main characteristics of the section are: umbrella-like inflorescence , stalked flowers with bracts and two- to many-seeded legumes . The section is considered the most evolutionarily primitive section of the genus Trifolium .

description

Falcatula subsection : Illustration of the bird's foot clover ( Trifolium ornithopodioides )

Illustration of the white clover ( Trifolium repens ) from Thomé's Flora of Germany, Austria and Switzerland , plate 431

Vegetative characteristics

Species of the Lotoidea section are annual or perennial herbaceous plants . The stem axis is simple or branched . Some species form rhizomes .

Generative characteristics

The inflorescences are umbrella-like, head-like or spike-like . Bracts are present and have entire margins, divided into two or serrated. In the subsection Neolagopus there are a few species in which the bracts are completely absent or have receded into rudiments. The inflorescences are short or long stalked, rarely sessile.

The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorphic and five-fold with a double flower envelope . The calyx is ten-nerved in almost all species, but rarely five or twenty-nerved. He is open, with a bare neck. The calyx teeth are designed the same, but unequal in some exceptional species. The corolla has the typical shape of the butterfly flower . The crown varies in color and does not fall off after anthesis . The ovary contains one to twelve ovules .

The legume will remain closed or tear open at one or both seams.

distribution

Clover species of the Lotoidea section can be found in almost the entire range of the genus Klee, in Europe, North and South America, Africa and Asia.

Systematics

The section Trifolium sect. Lotoidea was set up by Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz . Type species is Trifolium repens L. A synonym for Trifolium sect. Lotoidea Crantz is Trifolium sect. Amoria (Presl) Lojac.

Most of the original features of the species in the Lotoidea section have been preserved. The section is therefore considered to be the oldest and most evolutionarily primitive section of the genus. It is believed that all of the other sections developed directly from the lotoid .

The species of the Lotoidea section and their assignment according to Zohary and Heller 1984 are:

Internal systematics and species of the Lotoidea section

Subsection Lupinaster : Illustration of Trifolium lupinaster

Subsection Lotoidea Series Grandiflora : Habitus of the western alpine clover ( Trifolium alpinum )

Subsection Lotoidea Serie Lotoidea : inflorescence of the Swedish clover ( Trifolium hybridum )

Subsection Lotoidea Series Lotoidea : Black-growing clover ( Trifolium nigrescens )

Subsection Lotoidea series Lotoidea : Bleicher Klee ( Trifolium pallescens )

Subsection Lotoidea Serie Lotoidea : inflorescence of white clover ( Trifolium repens )

Subsection Lotoidea Series Lotoidea : Razy Clover ( Trifolium thalii )

Subsection Platystylium series Platystylium : Habitus and inflorescences of the mountain clover ( Trifolium montanum )

Subsection Neolagopus : Trifolium albopurpureum

Section Lotoidea Crantz
- Subsection Falcatula (bread.) Aschers. & Graebn.
  - Bird's foot clover ( Trifolium ornithopodioides (L.) Sm. ): It is common in large parts of southern Europe , in Algeria and Morocco , as well as on the Balearic Islands and the Azores .
- Subsection Loxospermum (Hochst.) Čelak.
  - Trifolium chilaloense Thulin
  - Trifolium decorum Chiov.
  - Trifolium elgonense Gillett
  - Trifolium multinerve A.Rich.
  - Trifolium schimperi A.Rich
- Subsection Lupinaster (Adans.) Belli
  - Trifolium andersonii A. Gray
  - Trifolium friscanum (SLWelsh) SLWelsh
  - Trifolium gordejevi (Kom.) Z.Wei
  - Trifolium gymnocarpon Nutt.
  - Trifolium lemmonii S.Wats.
  - Trifolium lupinaster L.
  - Trifolium macrocephalum (Pursh) Poir.
  - Trifolium polyphyllum C.A.Mey.
  - Trifolium thompsonii Morton
- Subsection Ochreata (Lojac.) Gillett
  - Trifolium cheranganiense Gillett
  - Trifolium cryptopodium A.Rich.
  - Trifolium mauginianum Fiori
  - Trifolium polystachyum Fresen.
  - Trifolium simense Fresen.
  - Trifolium somalense pigeon.
  - Trifolium stolzii Harms
  - Trifolium ukingense Harms
  - Usambara clover ( Trifolium usambarense Taub. )
  - Trifolium wentzelianum Harms
- Subsection Lotoidea
  - Series Grandiflora Heller & Zoh.
    - Western Alpine clover ( Trifolium alpinum L. )
    - Trifolium attenuatum Greene
    - Trifolium eximium Steph. ex Ser.
    - Trifolium nanum Torr.
    - Trifolium pilczii Adamović
    - Single-flowered clover ( Trifolium uniflorum L. )
  - Series Phyllodon Heller & Zoh.
    - Trifolium bejariense Moric.
    - Trifolium carolinianum Michx.
  - Series Brachyantha Heller & Zoh.
    - Small-flowered clover ( Trifolium retusum L. )
  - Lotoidea
    series
    
    Trifolium amabile Humb., Bonpl. & Kunth
    
    Trifolium angulatum Wladst. & Kit.
    
    Trifolium bifidum A. Gray
    
    Trifolium bivonae cast.
    
    Trifolium breweri S.Wats.
    
    Trifolium burchellianum Ser.
    
    Trifolium calcaricum J.L. Collins & Wieboldt
    
    Trifolium cernuum bread.
    
    Trifolium euxinum Zoh.
    
    Trifolium gillettianum Jac.-Fél.
    
    Trifolium gracilentum Torr. & A.Gray
    
    Sweden clover ( Trifolium hybridum L. )
    
    Trifolium latifolium (Hook) Greene
    
    Trifolium leibergii Nels. & Macbride
    
    Trifolium masaiënse Gillett
    
    Micheli's clover ( Trifolium michelianum Savi )
    
    Black-growing clover ( Trifolium nigrescens Viv. )
    
    Pale clover ( Trifolium pallescens Schreb. )
    
    Trifolium parnassi Boiss. & High.
    
    Trifolium purseglovei Gillett
    
    Trifolium radicosum Boiss. & High.
    
    Trifolium reflexum L.
    
    White clover ( Trifolium repens L. )
    
    Trifolium semipilosum Fresen.
    
    Trifolium stoloniferum Muhlenberg
    
    Razor Clover ( Trifolium thalii Vill. )
    
    Trifolium virginicum Small

literature

Michael Zohary, David Heller: The Genus Trifolium . The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities , Jerusalem 1984, ISBN 965-208-056-X .

Individual evidence

^ SL Welsh: New taxa and new nomenclatural combinations in the Utah flora . In: Rhodora . tape 95 , no. 883/884 , 1993, pp. 392-421 ( digitized version ).
↑ Ernest Small: Reduction of Ursia to Trifolium . In: Taxon . tape 36 , no. 3 , 1987, pp. 578-583 , JSTOR : 1221849 .
^ Joseph L. Collins, Thomas F. Wieboldt: Trifolium calcaricum (Fabaceae), a New Clover from Limestone Barrens of Eastern United States . In: Castanea . tape 57 , no. 4 , 1992, pp. 282-286 , JSTOR : 4033737 .