Blackening clover
| Blackening clover | ||||||||||||
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Black-turning clover ( Trifolium nigrescens ) - inflorescence |
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| Scientific name | ||||||||||||
| Trifolium nigrescens | ||||||||||||
| Viv. |
Black-growing clover ( Trifolium nigrescens ) is a species of plant from the genus clover ( Trifolium ). It is placed in the genus in the Lotoidea section. There she belongs to subsection Lotoidea , serial Lotoidea . The species was crossed in hybrids for agricultural use as feed .
distribution
The distribution area of the black clover is originally in the Mediterranean area, in the European and African neighboring countries as well as in Asia Minor. Neophytic occurrences are found in the southeastern United States.
The species grows in fields and under bushes in stony, damp places.
description
Trifolium nigrescens is a one-year , herbaceous plant achieved the stature heights between 5 and 60 centimeters. The stem axis is prostrate, ascending or upright. It is ramified and bare or almost bare.
The leaves , with the exception of the very top, have long stalks. The leaves are dreifedrig, the individual pinna between 0.5 and 4 inches long and 0.3 to 2.5 inches wide. The blades are egg-shaped to almost triangular, narrowing towards the base. The leaf margin is finely indented. The tip is blunt or notched. The paper-like stipules are between 4 and 20 millimeters long and triangular to lanceolate. The upper free part ends in an abrupt point.
The inflorescences measure 1 to 2 centimeters in diameter. They sit on long inflorescence axes that are longer than the leaves. They are spherical and consist of many loosely arranged individual flowers .
The calyx is about 5 millimeters long and bald or almost hairless. It is tubular in the lower part, white in color, and 5- to 10-nerved. The calyx teeth are shorter or longer than the calyx tube greenish and triangular to lanceolate. They are almost identical in shape and bend when the fruit ripens. The crown is 6 to 9 millimeters long and pink or white. When the fruit ripens, it turns yellow or brown. The flag is longer than the shuttle and the wing.
The legumes are slightly longer than the calyx tube. They are 1- to 5-seeded and elongated, slender. They are often constricted between the individual seeds . The seeds measure between 1.1 and 1.5 millimeters. They are brown in color.
The flowering period extends from March to October.
The number of chromosomes is 2n = 16.
Systematics
Trifolium nigrescens is within the genus in the section Lotoidea found there it belongs to the sub-section Lotoidea , serial Lotoidea . A hybrid Trifolium repens × nigrescens of white clover ( Trifolium repens ) and black clover is successful and has meanwhile become economically important .
One can distinguish between two subspecies:
- Trifolium nigrescens subsp. petrisavii (Clementi) Holmboe
- Trifolium nigrescens Viv. subsp. nigrescens
literature
- Michael Zohary, David Heller: The Genus Trifolium . The Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities , Jerusalem 1984, ISBN 978-965-208-056-1 , pp. 155 f .
- John M. Gillett, Norman L. Taylor, M. Gillett: The World of Clovers . Iowa State University Press , Ames 2001, ISBN 978-0-8138-2986-9 , pp. 258 f .
Individual evidence
- ↑ Trifolium nigrescens at Tropicos.org. In: IPCN Chromosome Reports . Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis
- ^ Athole Marshall, Terry Michaelson-Yeates, Michael Abberton, Ian Rhodes: New Clovers for the New Millennium . In: Iger Innovations . 1997, p. 29-33 ( pdf ).
- ↑ Data sheet Trifolium nigrescens In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
Web links
- Entry of the genus in LegumeWeb
- Thomas Meyer, Michael Hassler: Mediterranean flora. [1]