Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Edler von Crantz (also Cranz ; born November 25, 1722 in Roodt near Simmern in Luxembourg ; † January 18, 1797 in Zeiring on his iron mine near Judenburg in Styria ) was an Austrian physician and botanist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Crantz ". Crantz is considered to be the founder of modern balneology .

Live and act

Crantz received his doctorate from the University of Vienna in 1750 after studying with Gerard van Swieten (1700–1772). He specialized early on in the field of obstetrics . For this purpose he was educated by traveling to Paris and London . He trained with Nicolas Puzos (1686–1753) and André Levret (1703–1780).

With his improved knowledge, he introduced obstetrics training in Austria through classes at the St. Marx Hospital. Crantz improved midwifery training and developed an improvement on the Levret forceps . After Melchior Störck's death (1721–1756) in 1756, he took over his chair and taught physiology and materia medica until 1774.

In addition to his medical studies, he dealt with botanical questions as well as with problems of therapeutic baths , where he wrote the first book in 1777 about therapeutic baths in the Habsburg monarchy, in which he described 500 therapeutic baths.

Honors and memberships

As a doctor, he is listed on the roll of honor of the medical faculty at the University of Vienna :

"Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Frh. CRANZ (1722–1797) physician, physiology, botany "

The genera Crantzia Scop. from the family of Gesneriad (Gesneriaceae) and Crantziola F.Muell. from the umbelliferae family (Apiaceae) is named after him. On October 21, 1754, he was elected a member ( matriculation number 593 ) of the Leopoldina with the academic surname Clidemus II .

Fonts

Dedication sheet from Crantz's botanical writing Classis cruciformium… , 1769

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Walter Erhardt among others: The great pikeperch. Encyclopedia of Plant Names . Volume 2, page 1910. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2008. ISBN 978-3-8001-5406-7
  2. ↑ Honor plaques of the faculties of the University of Vienna , accessed on November 18, 2012.
  3. ↑ Lotte Burkhardt: Directory of eponymous plant names . Extended Edition. Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum Berlin, Free University Berlin Berlin 2018. [1]


personal data
SURNAME Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Crantz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk Edler von (full name); Cranz, Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Austrian physician and botanist
DATE OF BIRTH November 25, 1722
PLACE OF BIRTH Roodt near Simmern , Luxembourg
DATE OF DEATH January 18, 1797
Place of death Zeiring near Judenburg , Styria