Trifolieae
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Trifolieae is a tribe in the subfamily of the butterflies (Faboideae) within the family of legumes (Fabaceae). Its approximately six genera with approximately 485 species are mainly distributed in the northern temperate areas of the Old World .
description
Vegetative characteristics
They are usually perennial, sometimes annual, herbaceous plants or rarely shrubs . The alternately arranged, mostly stalked leaves are mostly unpinnate. They usually have the typical three, rarely five or seven leaflets ; sometimes reduced to a leaflet. The lateral nerves are usually expanded to the teeth of the leaf margin. The stipules are mostly fused with the petioles, rarely almost free in Parochetus ; there are no stipules of the leaflets present.
Generative characteristics
There are very different inflorescences formed: they are often capitate or racemose ; rarely have one to three flowers in the leaf axils. Bracts are present, cover sheets are missing. The hermaphrodite flowers are zygomorph are fünfzählig with a double perianth (perianth). The five sepals are fused bell-shaped and end with five calyx teeth. The corolla has the typical structure of the butterflies. Nine or all ten stamens have grown together, but they can all be free. The free area of the stamens is thread-like or widened. The anthers are all the same (monomorphic in Ononis ) or there are two different shapes (dimorphic). There is an upper carpel that contains one to many ovules . The stylus is bare.
The legumes are very variable: straight, sickle-shaped, spirally rolled up or egg-shaped. They can protrude from the durable chalice or be enveloped by it. They open at one or two seams or stay closed as they mature.
Systematics
The tribe Trifolieae contains about six genera with about 485 species:
- Snail clover ( Medicago L. , Syn .: Crimaea Vassilcz. , Factorovskya Eig , Kamiella Vassilcz. , Lupulina Noulet , Medica Mill. , Pseudomelissitus Ovcz. Et al. , Radiata Medik. , Rhodusia Vassilcz. , Turukhania Vassilcz. ): The approximately 85 Species are common in Africa, central and southwest Asia, Europe and the Mediterranean .
- Sweet clover ( Melilotus Mill. ): The approximately 20 species are distributed in the temperate and subtropical northern Africa and Eurasia .
- Restorers ( Ononis L. , Syn .: Bugranopsis Pomel , Passaea Adans. ): The 75 or so species are distributed in North Africa , Southwest Asia and Europe.
- Parochetus Buch.-Ham. ex D.Don : The only two species are common in East Africa , Central and Southern Asia.
- Klee ( Trifolium L. , Syn .: Amoria C.Presl , Bobrovia A.P. Khokhr. , Chrysaspis Desv. , Lupinaster Fabr. , Ursia Vassilcz. , Xerosphaera Soják ): The 245 to 250 species are in temperate and subtropical Africa, America, Asia and Europe spread.
- Trigonella L. (Syn .: Folliculigera Pasq. , Melilotoides Heist. Ex Fabr. , Melisitus Med. , Melissitus Med. Orth. Var., Pocockia Ser. Ex DC. ): The approximately 55 species are mainly in Africa, Eurasia , the Mediterranean area and Oceania spread.
photos
Habitus, leaves and inflorescences of Melilotus italicus
Habit, leaves and inflorescences of Trigonella caerulea
Habit, leaves and flowers of Trifolium uniflorum
Flower of Parochetus communis
swell
- Zhi Wei, Michael A. Vincent: Trifolieae. In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Eds.): Flora of China . Volume 10: Fabaceae . Science Press / Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing / St. Louis 2010, ISBN 978-1-930723-91-7 , pp. 547 (English). (Section description and systematics)
- Robert Hegnauer: Chemotaxonomy of plants. Volume XIB-2, Leguminosae, Part 3. Papilionoideae. Birkhäuser, Basel / Boston / Berlin 2001, ISBN 3-7643-6269-3 , pp. 782–915, limited preview in the Google book search.
