Heinrich Georg Bronn

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Heinrich Georg Bronn (1800–1862) was the first translator of Darwin's major scientific work.

Heinrich Georg Bronn (born March 3, 1800 in Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg , † July 5, 1862 in Heidelberg) was a German geologist and paleontologist . Its official botanical author abbreviation is " Bronn ".

Live and act

Title page of the third volume (1835) of the New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Geology and Petrefacts Customer

He completed his studies in Heidelberg with a doctorate in medicine in 1821. The following year he was appointed professor of natural history .

From 1830 Bronn and Karl Caesar von Leonhard took over the editing of the yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy and petrefactenkunde , which Leonhard had previously published as a paperback for the entire mineralogy . From 1833 until Leonhard's death in January 1862, both continued the series under the name New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geognosy, Geology and Petrefacts . The co-editor of the 1862 edition was Karl's son Gustav von Leonhard . After Bronn died in July 1862, the series appeared from 1863 under the name New Yearbook for Mineralogy, Geology and Paleontology and was edited by Leonhard von Hanns Bruno Geinitz .

An early stratigraphic structure of geological history (Lethaea geognostica, 1835/1838) comes from Bronn, which largely corresponds to today's structure up to the Carboniferous and only before that (Grauwacken and slate from Cambrian, Silurian, Devonian) due to the complicated and disturbed storage conditions of these layers in Germany is too rough. It divides the geological history into Molasse Mountains (Quaternary, Tertiary), Chalk Mountains (Chalk), Oolite Mountains (Jura), Salt Mountains (Triassic), Coal Mountains (Permian, Carboniferous and older).

Bronn created the first German translation of Charles Darwin's Origin of Species . It was published in 1860 under the title On the Origin of Species in the Animal and Plant Kingdoms through natural breeding, or the preservation of the most perfect races in the struggle for existence . Bronn's translation, however, took out changes and "purifications". So he took the liberty to translate " origin " in the title with "emergence" and " the preservation of favored races " as "preservation of the perfected races". In addition, two of his changes in relation to man in evolution appear remarkable: Bronn translated “ psychology ” in the original with “physiology” and Darwin's famous and preparatory sentence “ Light will be thrown on the origin of man and his history ” (Darwin 1859, P. 488) Bronn left out completely.

The translation by Julius Victor Carus followed in 1876 and is mostly used as a standard translation (Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1876). The situation was similar with the translation of Darwin's book on orchid pollination ( On the various contrivances by which British and foreign orchids are fertilized by insects ; 1862), which Bronn, a paleontologist completely alien to the subject, was still able to do shortly before his death in a translation that was in places weak in detail submitted (Stuttgart, E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, 1862). In this case, too, later editions were translated by Carus.

In 1832 Bronn was elected a member of the Leopoldina Academic Academy , and since 1851 he was a corresponding member of the Prussian Academy of Sciences . In 1858 he was elected a foreign member of the Bavarian Academy of Sciences . In 1859 he became a corresponding member of the Russian Academy of Sciences in St. Petersburg . In 1860 he became an elected member of the American Philosophical Society . In 1861 Bronn was awarded the Wollaston Medal of the Geological Society of London .

Fonts

  • System of primeval conchylia. explained through diagnosis, analysis and mapping of the sexes . JCB Mohr, Heidelberg 1824. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.8749
  • System of the primeval plant animals . JCB Mohr, Heidelberg 1825. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.9094
  • Italy's tertiary structures and their organic inclusions . Groos, Heidelberg 1831. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.59236
  • as editor with Karl Cäsar von Leonhard : New yearbook for mineralogy, geognosy, geology and petrefacts . E. Schweizerbart's Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1833–1862. on-line
  • The first editions of Lethaea geognostica or illustrations and descriptions of the fossils most characteristic of the mountain formations . In several volumes including a picture atlas. Stuttgart. 1835, 1838
  • Investigations into the laws of evolution of the organic world during the formation of our earth's surface . E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1858. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.50675
  • The classes and orders of the animal kingdom . CF Winter, Leipzig 1859–1901. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.2054
  • with Georg Hartung : The Azores in their external appearance and according to their geognostic nature . W. Engelmann, Leipzig 1860. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.60459
  • Charles Darwin, on the origin of species in the animal and plant kingdom through natural breeding, or the preservation of perfected races in the struggle for existence . E. Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung und Druckerei, Stuttgart 1860. doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.50672
  • About the Facilities for Insect Pollination of British and Foreign Orchids . Schweizerbart'sche Verlagshandlung, Stuttgart 1862 doi: 10.5962 / bhl.title.15549

literature

Web links

Wikisource: Heinrich Georg Bronn  - Sources and full texts

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Otfried Wagenbreth , History of Geology in Germany, Springer 1999, p. 57
  2. ↑ Storch, Welsch, Wink: "Evolutionary Biology". Berlin, Heidelberg, 2001
  3. ↑ Thomas Junker and Dirk Backenköhler 'Mediators of this general intellectual trade': Darwin's German publishers and translators until 1882 in forms of representation in the biological sciences (negotiations on the history and theory of biology, vol. 3), editors: Armin Geus , Thomas Junker, Hans -Jörg Rheinberger, Christa Riedl-Dorn and Michael Weingarten, Berlin, Publishing House for Science and Education (1999), p. 257
  4. ↑ Member entry of Heinrich Georg Bronn at the German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina , accessed on February 7, 2016.
  5. ^ Members of the previous academies. Heinrich Georg Bronn. Berlin-Brandenburg Academy of Sciences , accessed on March 2, 2015 .
  6. ↑ Member entry of Heinrich Georg Bronn (with picture) at the Bavarian Academy of Sciences , accessed on February 7, 2016.
  7. ^ Foreign members of the Russian Academy of Sciences since 1724. Heinrich Georg Bronn. Russian Academy of Sciences, accessed August 5, 2015 .
  8. ^ Member History: Heinrich G. Bronn. American Philosophical Society, accessed May 21, 2018 .
personal data
SURNAME Bronn, Heinrich Georg
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German geologist and paleontologist
DATE OF BIRTH March 3, 1800
PLACE OF BIRTH Ziegelhausen near Heidelberg
DATE OF DEATH July 5, 1862
Place of death Heidelberg