Spotted piglet weed

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Spotted piglet weed
Hypochaeris maculata (Spotted Piglet weed) 3022 IMG.JPG

Spotted piglet weed ( Hypochaeris maculata )

Systematics
Euasterids II
Order : Astern-like (Asterales)
Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae)
Subfamily : Cichorioideae
Genre : Piglet Herbs ( Hypochaeris )
Type : Spotted piglet weed
Scientific name
Hypochaeris maculata
L.
illustration

The spotted piglet herb ( Hypochaeris maculata L.) belongs within the sunflower family , the subfamily Cichorioideae to the genus Piglet herbs ( Hypochaeris ).

description

The spotted piglet is a 20–100 cm high perennial herbaceous plant ( hemicryptophyte ). The stem is usually branched with two to three branches, wire-haired and has (one to) two to four leaves. The basal leaves are rosette-shaped, mostly brown spotted, short stiff-haired and are pressed against the ground.

The flower heads are at the top of the branches, which are slightly thickened under the baskets. The basket floor has chaff leaves; the bracts are all entire, 18-25 mm long and stiff. The ray-flowers are lemon yellow and twice as long as the bracts.

The achenes are beaked, their pappus 1 row, all pappus hairs are feathery.

The flowering period extends from May to August.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 10.

Occurrence

The spotted piglet is a (continental-sub-Mediterranean) floral element , the main European distribution area of ​​which is in southeastern Europe. It occurs sparsely on the British Isles , to the south the distribution area extends in Europe to the Pyrenees , Provence , northern Italy and the Balkan Peninsula . Outside Europe, the species occurs in Xinjiang , in the Caucasus and in Siberia .

In Central Europe it is absent or very rare in the lowlands west of the Elbe ; to the east it occurs only rarely in low mountain ranges with clay soils and in the Alpine foothills ; it is only found sporadically in the Limestone Alps , and it hardly rises above 1500 m; In Lower Austria it occurs absent-mindedly. In the Allgäu Alps, it rises to an altitude of 1000 meters.

The spotted piglet settles on semi- arid grasslands , extensively used pastures , forest and shrubbery fringes and light dry forests. It depends on low-nitrogen, calcareous or somewhat decalcified, alternately dry, humus-rich, loosely sandy loam or clay soils . It occurs in societies of the Mesobromion associations, but also Cirsio-Brachypodion, Molinion, Violion caninae, Geranion sanguinei or Potentillo-Quercion.

Systematics

One can distinguish the following subspecies in Europe:

  • Hypochaeris maculata subsp. maculata
  • Hypochaeris maculata subsp. pelivanovicii (Velen.) Hayek (Syn .: Hypochaeris pelivanovicii Velen. ): It occurs in Albania, Bulgaria, Serbia, Montenegro, Macedonia and Bosnia-Herzegovina.

literature

  • Siegmund Seybold : The flora of Germany and the neighboring countries. A book for identifying all wild and frequently cultivated vascular plants . Founded by Otto Schmeil , Jost Fitschen . 95th completely revised and expanded edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01498-2 , p. 804 .
  • Henning Haeupler, Thomas Muer: picture atlas of the fern and flowering plants of Germany . Published by the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (=  The fern and flowering plants of Germany . Volume 2 ). 2nd corrected and enlarged edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2007, ISBN 978-3-8001-4990-2 , pp. 526 .
  • Oskar Sebald, Siegmund Seybold, Georg Philippi, Arno Wörz (eds.): The fern and flowering plants of Baden-Württemberg . tape 6 : Special part (Spermatophyta, subclass Asteridae): Valerianaceae to Asteraceae . Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 1996, ISBN 3-8001-3343-1 , p. 306-307 .
  • Dietmar Aichele, Heinz-Werner Schwegler: The flowering plants of Central Europe . 2nd Edition. tape 4 : Nightshade plants to daisy plants . Franckh-Kosmos, Stuttgart 2000, ISBN 3-440-08048-X , p. 451 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . With the collaboration of Angelika Schwabe and Theo Müller. 8th, heavily revised and expanded edition. Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart (Hohenheim) 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 , pp.  976 .
  2. ^ Hypochaeris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
  3. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 656.
  4. ↑ a b Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore). - In: W. Greuter & E. von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity. Datasheet Hypochaeris maculata In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.

Web links

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