Piglet herbs

Piglet herbs
Common piglet weed ( Hypochaeris radicata )
Systematics
Asterids Euasterids II Order : Astern-like (Asterales) Family : Daisy family (Asteraceae) Subfamily : Cichorioideae Genre : Piglet herbs
Scientific name
Hypochaeris
L.

The piglet herbs ( Hypochaeris ) form a genus of plants within the sunflower family (Asteraceae).

description

Vegetative characteristics

Lectotype species Common Piglet weed ( Hypochaeris radicata ), illustration from Flora Batava

The Hypochaeris species are annual, biennial or perennial herbaceous plants that can reach heights of up to 60 centimeters. The plants carry milky sap . They form tap roots . The stems are usually single or few and are usually branched.

The foliage leaves are usually arranged in a basal rosette, but more rarely stem leaves are also present. The leaf blades are undivided to pinnate, lanceolate to oblong or elliptical.

Generative characteristics

The cup-shaped inflorescences are single or few in total inflorescences . The bracts are single row to roof tile-like. The bottom of the basket is flat, the leaves of the chaff are no longer necessary and can easily be removed. Like all representatives of the Cichorioideae , the Hypochaeris species only have ray- flowers. These are mostly yellow in color, the outer ones are often red or green striped on the outside.

The achenes are mostly cylindrical. All Hypochaeris species form a pappus , the individual hairs of which are clearly feathered.

Sets of chromosomes

The basic chromosome numbers are x = 4 or 5.

Hypochaeris albiflora

Illustration of the spotted piglet weed ( Hypochaeris maculata )

Hypochaeris oligocephala

[[File:]]

Hypochaeris sessiliflora

Systematics and distribution

The genus Hypochaeris was established in 1753 by Carl von Linné ; Written in Species Plantarum , Tomus II, page 810 Hypochoeris . ML Green 1783 established Hypochaeris radicata L. as the lectotype species . Synonyms for Hypochaeris L. are: Hypochoeris L. orth. Var., Achyrophorus Adans. , Agenora D.Don , Distoecha Phil. , Heywoodiella Svent. & Bramwell , Oreophila D. Don , Porcellites Cass. , Seriola L. , Trommsdorffia Bernh. , Achyrophorus sect. Oreophila (D.Don) DC. , Achyrophorus sect. Phanoderis DC. , Trommsdorffia subg. Oreophila (D.Don) Tzvelev , Hypochaeris subg. Piptopogonopsis Batt. , Hypochaeris subg. Achyrophorus Peterm. , Hypochaeris sect. Achyrophorus W.DJKoch , Hypochaeris sect. Diplostephanae Bish. , Hypochaeris sect. Genuinae W.DJKoch nom. inval., Hypochaeris sect. Haplostephanae Bish .

The genus Hypochaeris belongs to the tribe Lactuceae in the subfamily Cichorioideae within the family Asteraceae . The genus Hypochaeris is closely related to the genus Leontodon .

The genus Hypochaeris is in Eurasia , North Africa and South America and in North America are species neophytes . In Central Europe, the species bald piglet ( Hypochaeris glabra ), spotted piglet ( Hypochaeris maculata ), common piglet ( Hypochaeris radicata ) and single-headed piglet ( Hypochaeris uniflora ) occur.

The genus Hypochaeris contains over 60 species (selection):

• Hypochaeris acaulis (J.Rémy) Britton : It was first described from Chile.
• Hypochaeris achyrophorus L .: It occurs in the Canary Islands, North Africa, Southern Europe and Western Asia.
• Hypochaeris albiflora (Kuntze) Azevêdo-Gonç. & Matzenb. : It occurs in southeastern South America and is a neophyte in Taiwan.
• Hypochaeris chillensis (Kunth) Britton : It is native to South America and is a neophyte in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina, Texas, South Africa and Taiwan.
• Hypochaeris ciliata (Thunberg) Makino : It occurs in China, Mongolia, eastern Russia and Korea.
• Hypochaeris cretensis (L.) Bory & Chaub. : It occurs in Italy, Sicily, Sardinia, Malta, Corsica, Crete and on the Balkan Peninsula.
• Hypochaeris elata (Wedd.) Benth. & Hook. ex Griseb. : It occurs in Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru and Argentina.
• Bald piglet weed ( Hypochaeris glabra L. ): It is native to Europe, North Africa, the Canary Islands and Madeira, and western Asia. It is a neophyte in North, Central and South America, Hawaii, eastern and southern Africa, the Azores, India, Japan and Taiwan, Australia and New Zealand.
• Hypochaeris laevigata (L.) Ces. et al. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, Spain, Italy and Sicily.
• Spotted piglet weed ( Hypochaeris maculata L. )
• Hypochaeris microcephala (Schultz-Bipontinus) Cabrera : It occurs in South America.
• Hypochaeris oligocephala (Svent. & Bramwell) lacquer : It occurs only in Tenerife.
• Common piglet weed ( Hypochaeris radicata L. )
• Hypochaeris robertia (Sch.Bip.) Fiori : It occurs in Italy, Sardinia, Sicily, Corsica and Algeria.
• Hypochaeris salzmanniana DC. : It occurs in Morocco, Algeria, Spain and Gibraltar.
• Hypochaeris scorzonerae (DC.) F. Muell. : It occurs in Chile.
• Hypochaeris sessiliflora Kunth : It occurs in Colombia, Ecuador, Bolivia, Peru, Venezuela, Argentina and Chile.
• Hypochaeris tenuiflora (Boiss.) Boiss. : It only occurs in Crete.
• Hypochaeris tenuifolia Trev. ex Sch.Bip. : It was first described from Chile.
• Single-headed piglet weed ( Hypochaeris uniflora Vill. )

photos

• 

  Bald piglet weed ( Hypochaeris glabra )

• 

  Spotted piglet weed ( Hypochaeris maculata )

• 

  Common piglet weed ( Hypochaeris radicata )

• 

  Hypochaeris robertia in Corsica

• 

  Hypochaeris tenuifolia

• 

  Single-headed piglet weed ( Hypochaeris uniflora )

swell

• Anonymous: Hypochaeris. In: Digital Flora of Taiwan .

literature

• Siegmund Seybold (Ed.): Schmeil-Fitschen interactive . CD-ROM, version 1.1. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2002, ISBN 3-494-01327-6 .
• Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (eds.): Med-Checklist. A critical inventory of vascular plants of the circum-Mediterranean countries . Vol. 2: Dicotyledones (Compositae) . Organization for the Phyto-Taxonomic Investigation of the Mediterranean Area (OPTIMA), Genève 2008, ISBN 978-2-8279-0011-4 , pp. 488-491 .
• David J. Bogler: Hypochaeris , p. 297 with the same text online as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 .

Individual evidence

1. ↑ ^{a b c d e} David J. Bogler: Hypochaeris , p. 297 online with the same text as the printed work , In: Flora of North America Editorial Committee (ed.): Flora of North America North of Mexico. Volume 19: Magnoliophyta: Asteridae, part 6: Asteraceae, part 1 (Mutisieae – Anthemideae). Oxford University Press, New York and Oxford, 2006, ISBN 0-19-530563-9 .
2. ↑ ^{a b c} N. Kilian, R. Hand, E. von Raab-Straube (Ed.) 2009+: Hypochaeris. In: Cichorieae Systematics Portal.
3. ↑ ^{a b c d e f g h} Hypochaeris in the Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN), USDA , ARS , National Genetic Resources Program. National Germplasm Resources Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland. Retrieved April 8, 2018.
4. ^ ^{A b} Christiana Flann (ed.), 2009+: Hypochaeris at Global Compositae Checklist .
5. ↑ ^{a b c d e f} Werner Greuter (2006+): Compositae (pro parte majore) : In: Werner Greuter, Eckhard von Raab-Straube (ed.): Compositae. : Datasheet Hypochaeris In: Euro + Med Plantbase - the information resource for Euro-Mediterranean plant diversity.
6. ↑ ^{a b} Zhu Shi & Norbert Kilian: Hypochaeris Linnaeus. - Same text online as the printed work , In: Wu Zheng-yi, Peter H. Raven, Deyuan Hong (Ed.): Flora of China. Volume 10: Asteraceae. Science Press and Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing and St. Louis 2010

Web links

Commons : Piglet Herbs ( Hypochaeris )  - Collection of images, videos and audio files