Marsh finial

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Marsh finial
Marsh finial (Polygala amarella)

Marsh finial ( Polygala amarella )

Systematics
Rosids
Eurosiden I
Order : Fabales (Fabales)
Family : Finial family (Polygalaceae)
Genre : Finials ( polygala )
Type : Marsh finial
Scientific name
Polygala amarella
Crantz

The swamp milkwort ( Polygala amarella , too) swamp milkwort called, is a plant from the family of polygalaceae (Polygalaceae).

description

The marsh finial is a deciduous, perennial , herbaceous plant that usually reaches heights of between 5 and 20 cm. All parts of the plant have a bitter taste. The upright or ascending stem has a distinct rosette of leaves at the base. The basal sheets are spatulate-obovate or linear-lanceolate. The upper stalk leaves are smaller and oblong obovate to linear-lanceolate.

The inflorescence can be more or less loose or too dense. The flowers are zygomorphic . They usually have a strong blue or purple color, rarely even completely white. They are about 2 to 3.5 mm long and have a relatively little lobed appendage. The outer sepals are sloping forward at the time of flowering. The swamp cruciferous flowers mainly bloom from April to June, but it can rarely be found blooming until August.

The 1.5 to 2.1 millimeter long seeds have only short bristles.

The number of chromosomes is 2n = 34.

ecology

The marsh finial is a chamaephyte or hemicryptophyte and a semi-rosette plant with a permanent rosette. The diaspores are spread , for example, by the black garden ant ( Lasius niger ).

Occurrence

The distribution area of ​​the marsh finial stretches from temperate Europe over the Balkans to central and southern Russia . Polygala amarella is widespread in the southern and central part of Germany and is usually found frequently; however, it is usually absent beyond that. This species is found scattered in Austria . It occurs frequently in Switzerland .

The swamp finial grows in wet meadows and small sedge swamps . Despite its common German name, Sumpf-Kreuzblume, it also occurs on semi- arid grasslands and related societies. The marsh crucifer prefers alternately moist, lime-rich substrates. The marsh finial is the character of the limestone grasslands and can also be found in lime-rich wet meadows and spring meadows . In the Allgäu Alps, it rises in the Tyrolean part at the Schneidspitze to an altitude of 2000 meters.

Systematics

Polygala amarella was first published by Heinrich Johann Nepomuk von Crantz . A synonym of Polygala amarella Crantz is Polygala amara auct.

Polygala amarella is very rich in shape. Sometimes subspecies or varieties are distinguished. Currently, three clans are being separated in Central Europe, the meaning of which has yet to be clarified:

  • Polygala amarella var. Orbicularis , which differs from the type mainly by its circular capsules, and
  • Polygala austriaca Crantz (= Polygala amarella subsp. Austriaca (Crantz) Janchen ), among other things with whitish flowers and not (always?) Bitter-tasting plant parts. It occurs in societies of the Molinion association, and more rarely of the Caricion davallianae association.
  • Polygala amarella subsp. amblyptera (Rchb.) Janchen . It occurs in societies of the Caricion davallianae association.
  • Polygala amarella subsp. amarella : It occurs in companies of the Mesobromion Association.
  • Base sheet rosette
  • Stem leaves

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d Marsh Finial. In: FloraWeb.de.
  2. ↑ a b c d Erich Oberdorfer : Plant-sociological excursion flora for Germany and neighboring areas . 8th edition. Verlag Eugen Ulmer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-8001-3131-5 . Page 643.
  3. ↑ a b Ruprecht Düll , Herfried Kutzelnigg : Pocket dictionary of the plants of Germany and neighboring countries. The most common Central European species in portrait. 7th, corrected and enlarged edition. Quelle & Meyer, Wiebelsheim 2011, ISBN 978-3-494-01424-1 .
  4. ↑ Erhard Dörr, Wolfgang Lippert : Flora of the Allgäu and its surroundings. Volume 2, IHW, Eching 2004, ISBN 3-930167-61-1 , p. 182.

Web links

Commons : Marsh finial ( Polygala amarella )  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files