St. Katharina (Garching)
St. Katharina (also: Katharinenkirche ) is the former Roman Catholic parish church of Garching near Munich . While the oldest parts of the structure date from the 13th century, the nave , choir and sacristy were built in their present form in the 15th century. The furnishings were baroque in the 18th century . The church belonging to the Archdiocese of Munich and Freising has the patronage of St. Catherine of Alexandria (memorial day: November 25th). It is listed as a monument with the number D-1-84-119-5 in the list of monuments of the Bavarian State Office for Monument Preservation .
location
The church is located in the old village center of Garching near the Garching subway station on Münchener Strasse and is surrounded by a church cemetery , which was significantly expanded to the southeast in 1955. There has also been a municipal cemetery on Freisinger Landstrasse since 1963 .
history
History of the parish
A church in Garching was first mentioned around 760. This belonged to the Tegernsee Monastery . Around 915 the place and church were then secularized and claimed by the Bavarian Duke Arnulf the Evil . Around 1020 or a little later (probably I. Weihenstephan Abbot Arnold) the Freising Bishop gave Egilbert the parish Garching the monastery Weihenstephan where it until its dissolution in the course of the secularization remained 1,803th
In 1260, the church is documented in a papal document as the parish church of St. Maria Magdalena with the associated villages Dirnismaning , Freimann , Fröttmaning , Lappen , Mallertshofen , Schleißheim and Wachrain. It is noteworthy in this context that Mallertshofen is mentioned as a parish church in the oldest diocesan parish description from 1315 and a priest Chunradus is documented there for the year 1190 . The parish description from 1524, on the other hand, speaks again of the parish of Garching, with the patronage of St. Katharina being mentioned for the first time.
Around 1560 there were 250 communicants in the parish , and by 1740 there were already 586. Until 1698, Benedictine monks from Weihenstephan were often appointed parish vicars in Garching, and since then secular priests have been working here continuously . Nevertheless, the Weihenstephan Monastery exercised the right of presentation to the parish until secularization , then the Bavarian king and, from 1837, the archbishop . In 1880 there were around 450 souls living in the parish village of Garching; at the time of the town elevation in 1990, 7,000 Catholics were counted in the parish. Most of the branches listed above have since been detached from the mother parish . Today there is the St. Franziska Romana branch church in Hochbrück , built between 1969 and 1971 . As early as 1964, the new modern parish church of St. Severin was built in Garching, which was experiencing enormous growth as a location for new research facilities at that time, about 300 meters west of the Katharinenkirche . With their consecration on September 17, 1967, St. Katharina was made a minor church .
Building history
Due to the early documentary mention of the Katharinenkirche, its oldest predecessor probably dates back to the 1st millennium. The oldest surviving part of the church, namely the Romanesque tower substructure, dates from the 13th century. The thick walls are characteristic of this. For example, stairs to the first floor could be accommodated in the wall thickness.
In the late 15th century, the nave, choir and sacristy were built in their current form and the originally free-standing tower was connected to the church. Late Gothic elements from this period can still be seen today, for example, in the net vault of the sacristy and in the southern entrance hall, the vault ribs of which have since been chipped off. In addition, the side walls were decorated with a painted cycle of sorrows in the Gothic style. However, this was largely destroyed by the baroque changes to the window openings; only parts of it are still preserved on the walls in the warehouse.
Under the Weihenstephan abbot Ildefons Huber, the church was made Baroque in 1735/36. The ribs of the Gothic vault were chopped off and the ceiling zone was instead decorated with rich stucco in the early Rococo style. The choir arch and the window openings, which were previously pointed arches , have also been changed in Baroque style. In addition, the church received its splendid interior decoration in the late Baroque or early Rococo style, which has largely been preserved to this day. The pulpit, on the other hand, was not built until 1778 and thus represents a late Rococo work.
During the 19th century the church was restored several times . The renovation of the church roof in 1894 was particularly urgent, as moisture had previously penetrated the stucco and frescoes badly. In 1892/93 a new gallery was drawn in on two supports; In 1895 the tabernacle was rebuilt to its present-day appearance. In the period from 1947 to 1950, the war damage to the church was repaired. At the same time, the somewhat cloudy colored windows , which were probably used in the course of the renovation in 1894, were exchanged for today's clear hexagonal glasses. In addition, the tower was re-covered with copper and the wall and ceiling paintings were restored and restored to their original coloring.
After the most urgent interior renovation work had been carried out within just one month in 1962, after the construction of the new parish church, the Katharinenkirche underwent extensive exterior and interior renovations from 1973 to 1976. Among other things, the tower was re- plastered , a new concrete foundation was walled in with insulation , the floor was renewed and insulated, new stalls were installed using the baroque cheeks and new confessionals were purchased. A baroque figure of the Scourge Savior from around 1720 was also acquired from Babensham near Wasserburg am Inn .
In 1982 and 1983 the church roof was re-covered and the damp walls of the altar house were dried. In the period from 1988 to 1990, the altars were finally restored and largely restored to their original Baroque condition. A popular altar and an ambo in modern forms were also purchased. In addition, the baroque choir arches had to be statically secured and for this purpose they were suspended from the roof structure using a strong wooden structure . Finally, new veil boards were made for the organ front and a new wrought iron door was installed at the entrance to the gallery .
In 2006 the tower was extensively renovated. The roof of the tower was also renewed, raised by three meters and re-covered.
Oddities
On June 30, 1704, Garching experienced a baroque feast day when the Ettal miraculous image was brought to safety from plundering soldiers in Freising during the War of the Spanish Succession . The Prince Bishop Johann Franz von Eckher took the treasure in Garching in reception and had them for one day up to worship at St. Catherine's Church before her in his Freisinger residence was spent.
architecture
Exterior construction
St. Katharina is a baroque hall church. The nave has five window axes . The east choir, which is only slightly narrower than the nave under a gable roof , comprises two bays and is closed off on three sides of the octagon. It is only slightly narrower than the longhouse. The exterior is largely undivided, except for the window openings that end with drawn-in arches. The yellow-washed window reveals stand out clearly from the white outer walls.
The tower, which is attached to the southwest corner of the nave and juts into the nave, has a defensive character due to its thick masonry . The substructure, which is structured by arched panels, is still Romanesque. The original gable roof was replaced by a pointed helmet when the Gothic church was built. This rises above four triangular gables that close the bell storey at the top. There is a sundial on the south side of the tower . On the south side, in the corner between the nave and the choir, there is a two-story sacristy with two triangular gables to the south and east.
inner space
The nave contains a flat barrel vault with stitch caps , which arises from pilasters of the Tuscan order . The presbytery, on the other hand, is equipped with a vault supported by pillars with richly profiled capitals . The transition between nave and choir is mediated by the flat choir arch, the apex of which is covered by a cartouche with the inscription VENl SPONSA CHRISTI ACCIPE CORONAM QUAM TIBI DOMINUS PARAVIT IN AETERNUM (lat. “Come Bride of Christ , receive the crown that the Lord has prepared for you forever ") Is decorated. The latter refers to the martyrdom of the church patron Saint Catherine, which is depicted in the ceiling frescoes. In the rear nave yoke a wooden organ loft has been drawn in on two supports.
Furnishing
Wall and ceiling paintings
The oldest furnishings in the church include a wall fresco from around 1600, exposed in the 20th century , which is located on the inside above the south portal. This is a rare representation that incorporates Reformation ideas and can also be found, for example, in Landshut's Martinskirche . The person represented by the person of Adam is pointed out by John the Baptist to the crucified Christ , whose death is our “justification”. Also included are scenes from the beginning and end of the life of Jesus, from the angels' preaching to the shepherds and the resurrection of the Son of Man . When the baroque vault was retracted, parts of the painting were cut off.
Since the Baroque era in 1735/36, the nave ceiling has also had elaborate frescoes instead of the Gothic vaulted ribs , framed by early Rococo stucco in the form of ribbon and latticework , rosettes and angel heads as well as brocade paintings . The four ceiling frescoes depict scenes from the life of St. Catherine . Beginning above the gallery with her capture, the arch spans her testimony to her beliefs before Emperor Maxentius and her condemnation around 307 in Alexandria to the angels' bringing her corpse on Mount Sinai in Choir. The cartouches on the side show half-length portraits of the four evangelists and the Freising cathedral patron. The creators of these works of art are not known to us, but they are probably to be found in the vicinity of the Hochstift Freising. It is likely that Thomas Glasl created the stucco work and Josef Unterleutner created the paintings.
Altars
The high altar , also in early Rococo style, is likely to have been created at the same time as the ceiling frescoes . The four-pillar structure frames the altar panel with a representation of the church patron Saint Catherine. The tabernacle was redesigned in 1896 according to plans by the Munich architect Joseph Elsner . The assistant figures above the side passages, which represent the Freising cathedral patrons St. Korbinian and St. Sigismund , were taken over from the previous altar from around 1680.
The two two-column side altars flanking the choir arch also date from the high baroque period (around 1685). The left side altar shows the group of figures of Anna Selbdritt , in the excerpt a figure of St. Joseph . The right side altar contains a group of carved figures depicting the baptism of Jesus in the Jordan River , and above it a figure of the Archangel Michael .
All three altars were freed from their previous silver frame in the course of the renovation in 1988/90, so that - as far as possible - the original state of the 18th century could be reconstructed. The pillars of the high altar were framed in imitation of dark blue lapis lazuli , the pillars of the side altars in rough gold and their vines in smooth gold.
View to the altars of St. Catherine
Left side altar with the figure group Anna selbdritt
Right side altar with a group of Anabaptists
Other equipment
The pulpit , a late Rococo work by the Munich-based Johann Jakob Staudacher (Kistler), Anton zechchenberger (sculptor) and Joseph Benno Frühholz ( barrel painter ), was not built until 1778, and thus much later than the rest of the furnishings . The cross placed opposite is from around 1480 and thus the late Gothic; so it comes from the time the church was built. A baroque Mater dolorosa is attached underneath . The wooden baptismal font , crowned by a graceful group of Anabaptists, dates from the same time as the pulpit (1770s) . The octagonal red marble font itself dates from the second half of the 15th century.
On the nave walls there are also two richly carved and gold-decorated shrines from the Rococo period: on the north side a copy of the Wessobrunn miraculous image of Mary, Mother of Beautiful Love , on the south side a carved figure of the cattle patron Leonhard . There are also baroque figures of the Savior on the scourge column in a niche next to the entrance, Saint Sebastian in a niche under the gallery and Saints Lantpert and Joseph on the pillars in the presbytery. In the Marian grotto on the tower ground floor, church visitors venerate a Nazarene Madonna figure with baby Jesus . The Stations of the Cross , painted based on the Stations of the Cross by Joseph von Führich in the Altlerchenfeld Church in Vienna , also date from the second half of the 19th century.
As the old parish church, St. Katharina has some epitaphs from clergymen from the Baroque period - in the southern porch by Kaspar Döpsl († 1591) and Johann Ranpeckh († 1602), by Thomas Bauhofer († 1617) and Georg Furtner († 1709) by the choir arch.
organ
The organ , housed in a five - part neo - baroque prospectus , was built in 1893 by Franz Borgias Maerz from Munich. In the course of the renovation in 1988/90, gilded veil boards were re-carved based on the original. In 2013 the instrument was extensively restored by Orgelbau Linder from Nussdorf am Inn . It has a total of ten registers on a manual and pedal . The disposition is as follows:
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- Coupling : Pedal Coupler
- Playing aids : pleno step
Bells
The church has five bells that are housed in the belfry of the Romanesque tower. In the two world wars , the two big bells had to be released. In 2006 St. Katharina received a new ring of four bronze bells. The bells were consecrated on May 7, 2006 and rang for the first time on October 22, 2006.
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No. |
Surname |
material |
Casting year |
Caster |
Diameter (cm) |
Mass (kg) |
Chime |
| 1 | Christ bell | bronze | 2006 | Bell foundry Rudolf Perner | 120 | 1,020 | f 1 |
| 2 | Catherine Bell | bronze | 2006 | Bell foundry Rudolf Perner | 97 | 560 | a 1 |
| 3 | Mary Bell | bronze | 2006 | Bell foundry Rudolf Perner | 83 | 345 | c 2 |
| 4th | Benedict bell | bronze | 2006 | Bell foundry Rudolf Perner | 73 | 240 | d 2 |
| 5 | Death bell | cast iron | 1622 | Bartholomäus Wengle, Munich | 70 |
literature
- Georg Brenninger: The churches of the parish of St. Severin . Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1994.
Web links
- Internet presence of the cath. Parish of Garching St. Severin
- Church description on the homepage of the cath. Parish of Garching St. Severin
- Twelve bells from St. Katharina at the BR
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d Brenninger, p. 2.
- ↑ Catholic parish Garching: Churches / parish history . Online at www.st-severin-garching.de ; accessed on July 18, 2018.
- ↑ a b c d Guido Anneser: The old parish church of Garching, St. Catherine of Alexandria . Online at www.st-severin-garching.de ; accessed on July 18, 2018.
- ^ Tower renovation 2006
- ↑ a b c d e f Brenninger, pp. 3–6.
- ↑ a b c d e f Church tour of St. Katharina . Online at www.st-severin-garching.de ; accessed on July 18, 2018.
- ↑ Garching b. Munich - Former Parish Church of St. Catherine . Online at www.orgelbau-linder.de ; accessed on July 18, 2018.
- ^ New bells from St. Katharina
Coordinates: 48 ° 14 ′ 55.5 ″ N , 11 ° 39 ′ 4.8 ″ E