Neustadt am Kulm

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Neustadt am Kulm
Neustadt am Kulm
Map of Germany, position of the city Neustadt am Kulm highlighted

Coordinates: 49 ° 50 '  N , 11 ° 50'  E

Basic data
State : Bavaria
Administrative region : Upper Palatinate
County : Neustadt an der Waldnaab
Management Community : Eschenbach in the Upper Palatinate
Height : 523 m above sea level NHN
Area : 20.3 km 2
Residents: 1113 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 55 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 95514
Area code : 09648
License plate : NEW, ESB , VOH
Community key : 09 3 74 140
City structure: 9 districts

City administration address : 		Marktplatz 39
95514 Neustadt am Kulm
Website : www.neustadt-am-kulm.de
Mayor : Wolfgang Haberberger (CW-ML)
Location of the city of Neustadt am Kulm in the district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab
Landkreis Bayreuth Landkreis Schwandorf Weiden in der Oberpfalz Landkreis Tirschenreuth Landkreis Amberg-Sulzbach Georgenberg Pleystein Neustadt am Kulm Pressath Trabitz Eschenbach in der Oberpfalz Bechtsrieth Windischeschenbach Weiherhammer Waldthurn Waidhaus Vohenstrauß Theisseil Tännesberg Störnstein Schwarzenbach (Oberpfalz) Schlammersdorf Schirmitz Püchersreuth Pirk Parkstein Neustadt an der Waldnaab Mantel (Markt) Luhe-Wildenau Leuchtenberg Kohlberg (Oberpfalz) Kirchenthumbach Kirchendemenreuth Irchenrieth Grafenwöhr Flossenbürg Floß (Oberpfalz) Etzenricht Eslarn Altenstadt an der Waldnaab Speinsharter Forst Manteler Forst Vohenstrauß Heinersreuther Forst (Oberpfalz) Tschechien Vorbach Speinshart Moosbach (Oberpfalz)map
About this picture
View of Neustadt am Kulm
View of the city from the Kleiner Kulm

Neustadt am Kulm is a town in the Upper Palatinate district of Neustadt an der Waldnaab and a member of the Eschenbach administrative community . The city lies at the foot of the Rauhen Kulm .

geography

Neustadt is located in the Upper Palatinate North planning region . Nearby larger neighboring cities are Amberg , Bayreuth , Marktredwitz and Weiden . They are about half an hour to three quarters of an hour away by car and are therefore within commuting distance. Regensburg , Nuremberg , Bamberg , Hof (Saale) and Eger (Cheb in the Czech Republic ) are around an hour away .

geology

The landscape around the city at the foot of the Rauhen Kulm, with its extensive forests, offers a variety of inviting hiking opportunities. From a geological point of view, the two volcanoes , the Rauhe Kulm and the Kleine Kulm , are particularly interesting. They arose in connection with the unfolding of the Alps . The soils outside the city gates are used for agriculture.

Neighboring communities

Neustadt has the following neighboring communities. Clockwise order, starting in the north: Kemnath , Kastl , Trabitz , Speinshart , Vorbach and Speichersdorf .

City structure

Neustadt am Kulm consists of a total of nine districts (in brackets: population figures as of December 31, 2006):

history

By the year 1000

Neustadt am Kulm is rich in history. The

In addition to the city's history, it also includes the settlement of the Rauhen Kulm before the city was founded. Here is a brief overview of the essential historical facts.

Early archaeological finds on the Rauhen Kulm were dated to the Bronze Age , later to the Hallstatt Age (approx. 800–450 BC). The first permanent settlements are likely to have emerged around the year 1000. Neustadt is located in the center of the historic Flednitz settlement chamber .

Neustadt am Kulm

In 1281, the burgrave Friedrich III. from Nuremberg the previously Leuchtenberg castle on the Rauhen Kulm and the associated places, including Filchendorf. With the permission of Emperor Charles IV , a town was laid out in 1370 between the Rauhen Kulm and the Kleiner Kulm, which was initially named Newenstat between the Kulmen . In 1413 the Carmelite monastery in Neustadt am Kulm was founded. Neustadt was first parish off to Mockersdorf and only got its own parish church during the Reformation .

The Thirty Years War and the plague led to the almost complete destruction of the city. The city of Neustadt am Kulm in what is now the Upper Palatinate administrative region belonged to the Principality of Bayreuth, which Prussia acquired in 1792 . The Bavarian caste office fell to Bavaria in 1803 as a result of the Prussian-Bavarian border adjustments. In the course of the administrative reforms in Bavaria , today's municipality was created with the municipal edict of 1818 . On April 19, 1945, the city was again badly damaged by air raids by American bombers . In the process, the historic city center including the medieval city ​​gates was destroyed.

Mockersdorf

Mockersdorf is very old. There was already a settlement in the Carolingian era, as demonstrated by a row of burial grounds discovered at the beginning of the 20th century. The place was first mentioned in writing in 1244. From 1385 to 1436 Mockersdorf was owned by the Nuremberg burgraves, then it became part of the Upper Palatinate.

Until the regional reform, Mockersdorf was a separate municipality. Mockersdorf is still its own parish today. It is one of the original parishes of the Upper Palatinate.

Filchendorf

The name of the place mentioned for the first time in a document from the end of the 13th century is of Germanic-Early German origin. Like Mockersdorf, the place was probably built in the 9th century.

Religions

In Neustadt am Kulm, according to the census on May 9, 2011, 62.1% of the population belong to the Evangelical Lutheran and 33.3% to the Roman Catholic Church. 4.6% are non-denominational or non-religious. For historical reasons, the majority of Kulmstadt itself, Filchendorf and Scheckenhof are Protestant-Lutheran, while Mockersdorf, Firkenhof and Lämmershof in particular are predominantly Roman Catholic.

dialect

Unlike the rest of Upper Palatinate, Neustadt am Kulm belongs to the Upper Franconian language area. Neustadt, however, has its own color in terms of the native language.

Incorporations

On January 1, 1972, the then independent community of Filchendorf was incorporated. On July 1, 1972, a part of Mockersdorf was added.

Population development

year 1840 1900 1950 1961 1970 1987 1991 1995 2005 2010 2015
Residents 1473 1343 1666 1374 1346 1311 1342 1323 1329 1238 1125

Between 1988 and 2018 the population decreased from 1,310 to 1,105 by 205 inhabitants or by 15.7%.

religion

There are two main churches in the community, the Roman Catholic parish church of St. Michael in Mockersdorf and the Evangelical Trinity Church. The community is one of the nine communities in the northeast of the Upper Palatinate in which the majority of the population is Protestant.

politics

town hall

City council

Since the last local elections on March 16, 2014 , the city council has been composed as follows:

Party / list Seats
CSU 3
SPD 2
Citizens List - "Neustadt needs a future" (BL-NBZ) 3
Filchendorf Free Voting Community (FWG Fil.) 2
Christl. Voting Community Mockersdorf-Lämmershof (CW-ML) 2
total 12

mayor

Wolfgang Haberberger (CW-ML) has been mayor since 2008. His predecessor was Rudolf Lang (CSU).

coat of arms

Official blazon : In gold, two green mountain cones each with a red pinnacle tower, in between a single-towered silver church with red roofs, over which a Hohenzollern shield hovers in silver and black .

Town twinning

Working group Neustadt in Europe

Neustadt is a member of the international city friendship working group Neustadt in Europe with 36 cities and municipalities named Neustadt in Germany, the Czech Republic, Poland, Hungary, Austria and Slovakia (as of 2008).

There are also partnerships with the city

and the communities

Culture and sights

Buildings

A comprehensive list of the monuments in Neustadt am Kulm is provided by the

  • Baroque town church (Evangelical-Lutheran), arose from the former Neustädter Carmelite monastery , organ 1892 by Steinmeyer (16 / II / P)
  • Cemetery church, organ by Veit Purrucker 1732 (11 / I / P)
  • Parish Church of St. Michael in Mockersdorf (Roman Catholic)
  • Ringwalls on the south side of the Rough Kulm (probably Bronze Age, new archaeological investigations have shown, however, that the ring wall most likely from the 10th century, ie from the time of Hungary trains, dates): former ramparts Rauher Kulm .
  • Lookout tower on the Rauhen Kulm
  • several rock cellars at the foot of the Rauhen Kulm (one open to the public)
  • Medieval city ​​wall ; partially preserved
  • Filchendorf Castle, date of origin: Inscribed in 1626

Natural monuments

View to the Rauhen Kulm

The most important sight is the 682 meter high Rauhe Kulm with its 25 meter high observation tower. It has been protected as a natural monument since 1949. In the village there is also the rock formation Kleiner Kulm and to the east of the Rauhen Kulm the small Kühhübel , whose basalt dome has been almost completely dismantled industrially.

The medieval hilltop castles on the two ridges were destroyed in 1554. Only fragmentary remains have survived : Burgstall Rauhenkulm and Burgstall Schlechtenkulm .

The Rauhe Kulm was voted Germany's most beautiful natural wonder of 2013 in a survey by the Heinz Sielmann Foundation EUROPARC Germany eV. There were 21 natural monuments to choose from from the national natural landscapes and other regions of Germany. Second place went to the Stone Rose near Saalburg-Ebersdorf . The boot at St. Ingbert followed in third place .

Economy and Infrastructure

traffic

Train crossing in Kemnath-Neustadt station

The Kemnath-Neustadt train station is on the Weiden – Bayreuth railway line between Neustadt am Kulm and the neighboring town of Kemnath . From there on weekdays there are hourly connections to Bayreuth and Weiden , with connections in Weiden in the direction of Regensburg - Munich , in Kirchenlaibach in the directions of Nuremberg and Hof and in Bayreuth to Lichtenfels - Würzburg .

The next larger cities Bayreuth and Weiden as well as the junctions to the federal highways 9 , 70 and 93 can be reached in half an hour by car .

media

Public facilities

education

  • Evangelical Lutheran Kindergarten House of Little Feet
  • Primary school Am Rauhen Kulm

tourism

The city's two mountains are a popular destination, especially in the warm season. There are also a few holiday apartments in the municipality.

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

Personalities who have worked in Neustadt am Kulm

  • Johann Nicolaus Apel (1757–1823), German author, doctor of philosophy, builder of the first observation tower on the Rauhen Kulm and mayor of Neustadt am Kulm
  • Johann Philipp von Beust (presumably 1706 or 1776), General and Privy Councilor of War, Oberamtmann in Neustadt am Kulm (1745–1761), Commander at the Plassenburg (1755–1777 [?])
  • Poor Heinrich zu Bibrach (around 1352), district judge on the Kulm
  • Alexander Carner (1603–1668), 1635–1668 pastor in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Willibald Caspari , co-signer of the Formula Concordiae , 1560–1589 pastor in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Gersdorfer German from Kulmbach, served as schoolmaster in Neustadt am Kulm from 1575 to 1579 before his time in the Palatinate church
  • Johann Georg von Gleißenthal (1507–1580), abbot in Speinshart Abbey , from 1551 Protestant clergyman, tomb in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Georgius Hornius (1620–1670) German historian, geographer, theologian and professor; lived temporarily in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Erhard Metzler († 1568), schoolmaster in Neustadt
  • Hans Musling, called Weiß (around 1515), Brandenburg judge and Kastner in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Adalbert Neischl (1853–1911), German geologist and scholar
  • Christof Nickl (1886–1967), politician of the CSU , mayor of Mockersdorf or Haidenaab , member of the German Bundestag (1949–1953)
  • Heinrich, Friedrich, Hans and Herrmann Oberndorfer (before 1291–1466), Leuchtenberg ministerial family of Mockersdorf
  • Johann Richter (–1763), paternal grandfather of Jean Paul ; Musician, cantor, organist and rector in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Adam Rößler (1636–1719), 1669–1693 pastor in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Johann Sebastian Schaeffler (1824–1893), grandfather of Georg Schaeffler, the founder of the Schaeffler Group; Master weaver in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Wolfgang Schmidt , landscape commissioner and tax collector in Neustadt am Kulm and Creußen ; City and court clerk in Neustadt until 1770
  • Georg Albrecht Stübner (1680–1723), poet of sacred songs and professor; Pastor in Neustadt am Kulm (1703–1708)
  • Jobst Bernhard von Weidenberg (around 1610), princely Kulmbach bailiff in Neustadt am Kulm
  • Joseph Weigert (1900–1931) pastor and writer in Mockersdorf
  • Konz von Wirsberg (1470–1490), "bailiff for bad culm" (small culm)
  • Fridericus zu Wydenberg (around 1309), judge at the Reichsfeste Rauher Kulm
  • Justus Friedrich Zehelein (1760–1802), German writer, lawyer, composer and etcher; First (Royal Prussian) judicial officer in the city of Neustadt am Kulm

Others

  • Neustadt am Kulm is the smallest town in the Upper Palatinate and the fourth smallest town in Bavaria.
  • After almost 150 years, Deutsche Post AG closed the post office in Neustadt am Kulm in September 2011.

Events

The Neustädter Bürgerfest takes place annually at the end of July and the Kirwa (parish fair ) in November . From July 25th to July 27th, 2003 the 25th Neustadt meeting of the Neustadt Community in Europe was held in Neustadt am Kulm. The city between the Kulmen is again planned to be the venue for the Neustadt Meeting in 2026.

For many decades, the SPD children's festival was held every summer on the market square. The Rock am Kulm music festival is held at irregular intervals, most recently in 2011. On Mardi Gras, the sports club organizes the children's carnival and an athlete's ball and the Neustadt am Kulm volunteer fire brigade usually has its open day on May 1st.

The fruit and horticultural association organizes the “Almabtrieb” of the goats from Kleiner Kulm every October. The spectacle was also accompanied by a television team from Bayerischer Rundfunk in 2012. While the first cattle drive attracted around 100 visitors in 2010, over 1,500 people streamed into the city in 2017. Not least because of its uniqueness in the area, the cattle drive developed into an event for the entire region with numerous stalls on the market square of Kulmstadt.

See also

literature

  • Adolf Gütter: "Neustadt am Kulm", "Mockersdorf" and "Filchendorf". In: Archive for the history of Upper Franconia. 77th volume, published by the Historisches Verein von Oberfranken, Bayreuth 1997
  • Karl Pühl (Ed.): 625 years Neustadt am Kulm. Anniversary publication of the city of Neustadt am Kulm and for the mountain festival "The Wedding on Rauhen Kulm" . Neustadt am Kulm 1995
  • Johann Nicolaus Apel: The rough Kulm and its surroundings - In addition to a history and topography of Neustadt an den Kulmen in the Main district . Bayreuth 1811 ( online )

Web links

Commons : Neustadt am Kulm  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikivoyage: Neustadt am Kulm  - travel guide

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ "Data 2" sheet, Statistical Report A1200C 202041 Population of the municipalities, districts and administrative districts 1st quarter 2020 (population based on the 2011 census) ( help ).
  2. ↑ Bavarian State Library
  3. ↑ Where to find Werschdala and Wirschtln in: Der neue Tag from March 18, 2004
  4. ^ Wilhelm Volkert (ed.): Handbook of Bavarian offices, communities and courts 1799–1980 . C. H. Beck'sche Verlagsbuchhandlung, Munich 1983, ISBN 3-406-09669-7 , p. 460 .
  5. ^ Assumption of Mary: No public holiday in nine Upper Palatinate parishes , BR24, accessed on August 15, 2020.
  6. ^ Homepage of the Weiden district group of the Association of Friends of Mineralogy and Geology ; Retrieved September 25, 2011
  7. ^ Heinz Sielmann Foundation: Natural wonder of the year 2013
  8. ^ Johan Georg Dürrschmidt: Description of the royal Prussian parish of Goldkronach, located in the Principality of Baireuth ... S. 88-89, Bayreuth 1800, accessed on March 6, 2012
  9. ^ Johann Nicolaus Apel : The rough Kulm and its surroundings together with a history and topography of Neustadt an den Kulmen in the Main district . P. 61, Bayreuth 1811.
  10. ^ Hellmut Kunstmann : Burgen am Obermain with special appreciation of the Plassenburg. The Plassenburg . Volume 36. Kulmbach 1975, p. 142.
  11. ^ Wilhelm Weidinger:  Gleißenthal, Johann Georg von . Entry in the database of the Oberpfälzer Kulturbund (currently not available)
  12. ↑ Jakob Christoph Iselin , Johannes Buxtorf, Jakob Christoph Beck : Neu-Vermehrtes historical- und geographisches Allgemeine Lexicon ... Volume 4. 1743, p. 205, accessed on October 18, 2011
  13. ↑ Jakob Christoph Beck, August Johann Buxtorf: Supplement to the Basel General Historical Lexicon , Volume 1, 1744, books.google.de, accessed on October 29, 2011
  14. ↑ Rösler, Adam. In: Johann Heinrich Zedler : Large complete universal lexicon of all sciences and arts . Volume 32, Leipzig 1742, columns 457-459.
  15. ^ Richard Winkler:  Schaeffler, Georg. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 22, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 2005, ISBN 3-428-11203-2 , p. 522 f. ( Digitized version ). (Mention of Johann Sebastian Schaeffler in the article about the grandson Georg)
  16. ↑ lu:  Stübner . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 36, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1893, p. 713.
  17. ↑ There is also a lot going on in Neustadt . Oberpfalznetz.de of September 24, 2011; Retrieved September 26, 2011
  18. ↑ Oberpfalznetz.de: Almabtrieb in Neustadt am Kulm: Nothing to complain about, accessed on November 12, 2017