Speinshart Monastery
| Speinshart Premonstratensian Abbey | |
|---|---|
| medal | Premonstratensian Canons |
| status | abbey |
| Administrator | Abbot Hermann-Josef Kugler |
| prior | Benedikt Joachim Schuster |
| Confreres | 9 |
| Diocese | regensburg |
| Pastoral care area | Barbaraberg, Ernstfeld, Haselbrunn, Höflas, Menzlas, Moss, Münchsreuth, Oberbibrach, Schlammersdorf, Seitenthal, Speinshart, Tremmersdorf, Zettlitz, Vorbach |
| Monastery church | Maria Immaculate |
| address | Klosterhof 2, 92676 Speinshart |
| Internet presence | www.kloster-speinshart.de |
The Speinshart Monastery is an abbey of the Premonstratensian Order in Speinshart in the Upper Palatinate in the Diocese of Regensburg . The facility with four wings was built in the baroque era . The collegiate church with the patronage of Maria Immaculata is today a monastery and parish church .
history
founding
An extensive forest area, the so-called Spechtswald (Old High German Spetheshart), was located in the Nordgau in the High Middle Ages . The childless couple Adelvolk and Richenza von Reifenberg probably founded the Speinshart Monastery on this territory in 1145. The brothers von Adelvolk, Eberhard (later Bishop of Bamberg with the name Eberhard II. Von Otelingen ) and Reinhold contributed with goods to the equipment of this monastery foundation. A certificate of confirmation for the monastery was issued by Emperor Friedrich Barbarossa in 1163.
Whether the foundation of the monastery canons from the Premonstratensian monastery in Wilten near Innsbruck in Tyrol - from there the first Premonstratensians came to Speinshart - was not able to say with absolute certainty. In a papal letter of protection from 1181, the Premonstratensians in Speinshart were mentioned for the first time. The location in a swampy valley, however, corresponds to the classic choice of location for a Premonstratensian monastery, as Prémontré - the first monastery of the Order of Saint Norbert von Xanten - was also located in a swampy valley. This evidence suggests that Speinshart Monastery was actually founded for the Premonstratensians. The Premonstratensians took on pastoral care in various places in the region and maintained religious and cultural life there in the centuries that followed.
The monastery in the late Middle Ages
The convent was headed by a provost . The first provost Grimo joined the second crusade in 1147 . Under Conrad IV and Heinrich III. At the end of the 13th century, numerous estates were added to the Speinshart Monastery through foundations from the Landgraves of Leuchtenberg and other local noble families. The monastery experienced its first heyday in the 15th century under the provost Georg Ochs von Gunzendorf . At that time Pope Pius II elevated the monastery to an abbey . Now an abbot presided over the convent and with his pontificals he represented the high self-confidence of the canon monastery. At times Speinshart was the mother abbey for the Teplá Monastery in Bohemia .
The consequences of the Reformation
The period of the Reformation was the first turning point in history. Under the Elector Ottheinrich in 1556 the Catholic doctrine was displaced by the new Lutheran doctrine in the entire Upper Palatinate ; all Catholic rites and practices were banned. Abbot Johann III. Georg von Gleißenthal married with the permission of the sovereign in 1556 and was able to keep his abbot title. At the end of the year mentioned there was a visitation, and a thoroughly Protestant institution was found. With the transition of the Upper Palatinate to the Calvinist Elector Friedrich III. The Abbey of Speinshart collapsed and was finally secularized and became a state property. In 1564 Johann III. Georg von Gleißenthal was sent to the pension and a monastery judge was appointed. Hans von Schlammersdorf became the first judge .
Rebuilding
Premonstratensians returned to Speinshart from the Steingaden Monastery in 1661 during the reign of the Elector of Bavaria Ferdinand-Maria . Over the next few decades, the new convent endeavored to repair the collegiate church and the convent wing. In 1691 the monastery regained the status of an abbey. Wolfgang Dientzenhofer made the plans for the church building, which was completed in 1696. The brothers Carlo Domenico and Bartolomeo Lucchese from Mellide on Lake Lugano created the heavy baroque decoration inside. The Italian influence cannot be denied.
Baroque piety
The Canons of Speinshart followed the general baroque popular piety around 1684 with the revival of the medieval pilgrimage to the Barbaraberg . Finally, Father Hugo Strauss made plans for a new building for the pilgrimage church in the Rococo style. Of this church building, which was built between 1741 and 1756, only the monumental facade remains.
In Speinshart the worship of the scourged Savior began in the 18th century, as in the Wieskirche near Steingaden . In addition to the collegiate church, a chapel dedicated to the Scourged Savior was built, which is also called Wieskapelle. It is now owned by the Neustadt an der Waldnaab district and is used for various cultural events. Michael Wild made the Way of the Cross with 14 stations for the collegiate church in 1745/46.
secularization
But the baroque pomp, which reached a high boom under Abbot Dominikus I von Lieblein in the middle of the 18th century, finally came to an end on St. Mark's Day , April 25th, in 1803 with the secularization . For the second time the monastery and its possessions fell to secular power. The monastery initially came into state ownership and subsequently housed the rectory, a school and the forestry office, among other things.
The second rebuilding
On September 30, 1921, the Premonstratensian Order bought the spacious monastery back from the Bavarian state through the mediation of the Munich Canon Prelate Michael Hartig . On October 2, 1921, the Premonstratensians moved in from Teplá Abbey in Egerland . In 1923 the Apostolic See reaffirmed the monastery as an abbey with all rights. First Abbot Gilbert Helmer of Tepl took over the administration of Speinshart.
The monastery today
The Speinshart convent currently consists of eight canons. Abbot Hermann-Josef Kugler of Windberg Monastery has been Speinshart's administrator since 2007. Three Premonstratensians from the Windberg Monastery and the Roggenburg Monastery support the community in the various tasks of pastoral care and in organizing the extensive renovation and restoration measures on the monastery building. In October 2017, after a construction period of 22 years, the extensive renovation work on Speinshart Abbey was completed. The costs totaled more than 22 million euros, the Free State of Bavaria supported the renovation with around 15 million euros.
Collegiate church
Romanesque basilica
In the late 12th century, the foundation walls for a three-aisled Romanesque basilica were laid, which can be seen on the so-called donor picture in the entrance hall of the baroque collegiate church. Parts of these foundation walls, namely those of the choir apse, were found during excavations in the monastery garden. Spolia of the Romanesque basilica can be seen on the masonry . There is a drawing from the 17th century of a painted window in this church.
Baroque new building
When the old Romanesque monastery church was demolished in 1691, the new building began according to the plans of Wolfgang and Georg Dientzenhofer , who helped shape several important buildings between Prague and Würzburg . The shell was completed in 1696.
Interior
Abbot Gottfried Blum commissioned the Italian brothers Carlo Domenico (plasterer) and Bartolomeo (painter) Lucchese to design and furnish the interior. They gave the room with the heavy baroque design an Italian character. The walls, structured by pilasters and protruding cornices, seem to flow smoothly into the ceiling, which is decorated with heavy garlands of fruit and flowers. Artfully framed, three large-format ceiling frescoes stand out in the nave, which are surrounded by small, also frescoed medallions. In the choir room, the ceiling decoration is even closer and closer together.
Carlo Domenico Lucchese also made the high altar from stucco, which was only painted in color in 1714. The image of the Immaculata in the high altar probably comes from Antonio Triva , also from an Italian artist. After the consecration of the new church in 1706, the interior took its present form only a few years later. The last side altars were consecrated by Abbot Otto Peißner in 1722.
In the representative vestibule of the actual church space, the founding event of the monastery is staged on the ceiling. This fresco, the so-called donor picture, was created based on a medieval model that no longer exists. The vestibule is flanked on the left by the Nepomuk chapel and on the right by the baptismal or New Year's chapel. The interior is a total work of art.
Monastery building
The convent wing, which extends over the east, south and west wings of the complex, houses the living and working rooms of the canons. From 1674 new buildings for the convent were built. The modern baroque four-wing complex did not end until 1713 after the completion of the prelature in the west wing. The generous cloister extends through the ground floor , to which the chapter house and the refectory are connected.
A representative corridor runs through each of the two upper floors. In the north wing, the so-called prelate wing, where the abbot once resided, the Speinshart International Meeting Center, the monastery’s educational center, moved into new rooms. Michael Wild made the ceiling paintings in these rooms. A painting in one of the guest rooms shows the reception of guests by the abbot; Christ also approaches the abbey and joins the noble society. Abbot Dominikus I von Lieblein greets him.
Michael Wild also made a ceiling fresco in the library that was successful in perspective . After secularization, a false ceiling was added to the room, which extended over two floors; as a result, this pictorial work no longer comes into its own as originally desired.
The major superiors of the Premonstratensian Abbey of Speinshart
The list of major superiors of the Premonstratensian Abbey of Speinshart is divided into four parts. First, the provosts are named from the foundation of the monastery in 1145 to the elevation as an abbey in 1459. This is followed by the abbots until the abbey was abolished in the course of the Reformation in 1557. The third part names the abbots after the re-establishment by the Steingaden monastery in 1661 or 1691 when an abbot was re-elected in Speinshart. In 1803, secularization marked a turning point again. The last part of the list begins with the rebuilding by the Tepli Abbey between 1921 and 1923.
The provosts of Speinshart from 1145 to 1459
- 1. Grimo, 1145-1151
- 2. Wiggerus, 1151-1162
- 3. Conradus I, 1162-1169
- 4. Rudolf, 1169-1182
- 5. Gotsalc, 1182-1203
- 6. Godefridus, 1203-1211
- 7. Hermannus, 1211-1219
- 8. Heinricus I. de Osterhoven, 1219-1227
- 9. Rupertus, 1227-1229
- 10. Conradus II, 1229-1235
- 11. Heribertus, 1235-1240
- 12. Heinricus II., 1240-1246
- 13. Cuno, 1246-1249
- 14. Arnoldus, 1249-1253
- 15. Conradus, III. 1253-1260
- 16. John, 1260-1279
- 17. Conradus IV, 1279-1290
- 18. Gothard, 1290–?
- 19. Conradus V.,? - around 1303
- 20. Henry III., 1303-1314
- 21. Wolquinus I, 1314 – around 1317
- 22. Fridericus, 1317-1321
- 23. John, 1321-1332
- 24. Volquinus II, 1332-1349
- 25. Karel, 1349-1356
- 26. Erhart Reutter, 1356-1367
- 27. Gregor von Amberg, 1367-1369
- 28. Martin von Erlbeck, 1369-1386
- 29. Heinrich IV. Sack, 1386-1396
- 30. Engelhart the Wild, 1396-1406
- 31. Conradus V. Kergl, 1406-1433
- 32. Jordan von Newesser, 1433-1456
- 33. Georg Taurus von Gunzendorf, 1457–1459
The Abbots of Speinshart from 1459 to 1557
- 1. Georg Taurus von Gunzendorf, 1459–1503
- 2. Hermann Ochs von Wolframshof, 1503–1506
- 3. Konrad I. von Wichsenstein, 1506–1522
- 4. John I of Egloffstein, 1522–1539
- 5. John II. Gries, 1539–1552
- 6. John III. Georg von Gleißenthal , 1552–1557
The Abbots of Speinshart from 1691 to 1803
- 1. Gottfried Blum, 1691–1711
- 2. Otto Peißner, 1711–1734
- 3. Dominikus I von Lieblein, 1734–1771
- 4. Eberhard Razer, 1771–1778
- 5. Hermann-Josef von Brodreis, 1778–1788
- 6. Guarinus Keiling, 1789-1794
- 7. Dominikus II. Wagner, 1794–1803
The major superiors of Speinshart since 1921
- 1st Abbot Gilbert Helmer (Abbot of Tepl), Administrator, 1923–1944
- 2. Prelate Gereon Motyka , 1944–1969
- 3. Prelate Hermann-Josef Wolf, 1969–1992
- 4. Prior Rainer Rommers (Prior von Roggenburg) Administrator, 1992-2000
- 5. Abbot Thomas Handgrätinger (Abbot General in Rome) Administrator, 2000–2006
- 6. Abbot Hermann Josef Kugler (Abbot of Windberg and Roggenburg) Administrator, since 2006
coat of arms
The coat of arms of the abbey refers to the founder of the monastery. It shows a silver tower on a red background. According to tradition, the same coat of arms was also used by the von Reifenbergs. The coat of arms is decorated with a miter and, together with the shepherd's staff behind it, represents the abbot dignities.
The political municipality of Speinshart also has the tower in its coat of arms. As a historical reference to the abbey, the municipal coat of arms also shows the miter.
literature
- Norbert Backmund: The canons and their monasteries in Bavaria. Augustinian Canons, Premonstratensians, Canons v. Holy Spirit, Antonite . With a contribution by Adalbert Mischlewski: The branches of the Order of Antonites in Bavaria , Passau 1966, pp. 191–194.
- Hermann and Anna Bauer: Monasteries in Bavaria. An art and cultural history of the monasteries in Upper Bavaria, Lower Bavaria and the Upper Palatinate . Munich 1985, pp. 270-273.
- Bernhard Fuchs: The Speinshart Abbey between the Reformation and resettlement (1556–1661). In: Tobias Appl; Manfred Knedlik (ed.): Upper Palatinate monastery landscape. The monasteries, monasteries and colleges of the Upper Palatinate. Pp. 125-137. Friedrich Pustet , Regensburg 2016, ISBN 978-3-7917-2759-2 .
- Hermann Lickleder: The documents from the Premonstratensian monastery Speinshart 1163–1557 (Speinshartensia. Contributions to the history of the Premonstratensian monastery Speinshart 1), Speinshart 1995.
- Premonstratensian Abbey Speinshart (Ed.): 850 years of Premonstratensian Abbey Speinshart 1145–1995 (Speinshartensia. Contributions to the history of the Premonstratensian monastery Speinshart 2), Speinshart 1995.
- Annett Haberlah-Pohl: Münchberg (Historical Atlas of Bavaria: Franken I / 39), Munich 2011, p. 54.
Web links
- Homepage of Speinshart Abbey
- Aerial photos of the monastery village
- Speinshart Monastery , basic data and history: Speinshart - three times the Premonstratensian pen in the database of monasteries in Bavaria in the House of Bavarian History
- History of the Speinshart Monastery
- Speinshart find
Individual evidence
- ↑ Jürgen Masching: Ceremony after 22 years: Speinshart Monastery shines in new splendor . In: oberpfalzecho.de . October 5, 2017. Retrieved February 14, 2019.
Coordinates: 49 ° 47 ′ 12.1 ″ N , 11 ° 49 ′ 12.9 ″ E