Friedrich Oetker (politician)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Friedrich Oetker (born April 9, 1809 in Rehren , † February 17, 1881 in Berlin ) was a German liberal publicist and politician .

Friedrich Oetker

Education and Early Life

Friedrich Oetker came from a rural family. His father Christian Oetker (1775–1847) was a farmer, cooper and owner of a mill. Friedrich was the brother of the politician Carl Oetker . After graduating from high school in Rinteln , he began studying law in Marburg in 1831 , where he also became a member of the Corps Schaumburgia. He then worked as a senior court attorney in Kassel from 1837 . In addition, he was active in the city's social life and worked part-time as an author. Together with Franz Dingelstedt he published poems and feature articles for magazines and attended the Kassel literary circle Stiftshütte (Kassel) . In 1847 his first political pamphlet appeared on the German-Catholic question.

Liberal publicist

Immediately after the start of the March Revolution , Oetker founded the Neue Hessische Zeitung . A short time later, after the union with the New Constitutional Friend from Marburg, it became the leading paper of the Liberals in Kurhessen . The newspaper became the mouthpiece of the March government in Kurhessen, led by Bernhard Eberhard and Karl Wilhelm Wippermann . Oetker came to the assembly of states through the election of the city representatives from the Schaumburg area . In December 1848, he submitted a far-reaching motion to democratize the state constitution. Hindered from speaking in parliament due to his chronic hoarseness, Oetker continued to work primarily as a journalist.

Kurhessischer constitutional conflict and exile

In his newspaper he fought the reactionary government under Ludwig Hassenpflug, which had existed since the spring of 1850, during the constitutional conflict in Hesse . At times the publication of his newspaper was hindered. He himself was arrested for some time and went into exile. He lived in Braunschweig , Heligoland and Belgium , among others . A book about Heligoland (1855) and the "Belgian Studies" published in 1876 have emerged from this experience.

Struggle to restore the constitution

Oetker returned to Kassel in 1859. He founded the Hessische Morgenzeitung . Since 1860 he was their sole editor. With this paper he played a decisive role in putting the Hessian constitutional question back on the political agenda. Last but not least, the German National Association , on whose executive committee Oetker sat, also contributed. Attempts to obstruct the new constitutional movement through censorship were circumvented by printing leaflets. The attempt to legally stop Oetker and the constitutional advocates failed; instead, they exploited various criminal trials for themselves. In 1861, Oetker and his political friends initiated the so-called “giant petition”. In the course of this, 15,000 signatures were collected in just a few days.

Ultimately, a resolution of the German Bundestag proposed by Prussia and Austria in 1862 forced the re-enactment of the constitution in Electoral Hesse. This included the democratic electoral law of 1849. In 1848 he was a member of the preliminary parliament .

Prussian occupation

Oetker was again a member of the state parliament. In agreement with the national association, he represented the Prussian position against the majority on the Schleswig-Holstein question . In connection with the German War of 1866 he tried to stand up for the independence of the Electorate of Hesse, but was forced by the facts to sign the “gravedigger address” with other members of parliament and to recognize the Prussian annexation. The result was sharp attacks against him. The attempt to found a party in the Reich failed.

As a result, he joined the National Liberal Party . He became a member of the Prussian House of Representatives , to which he belonged from 1867 until his death in 1881. From 1867 to 1870 he represented the constituency of Kassel 1 (Rinteln - Hofgeismar - Wolfhagen) (he was also elected in the Kassel 2 Reichstag constituency, but did not accept this mandate) in the Reichstag of the North German Confederation and from 1871 until his death 1881 in the Reichstag . However, he was no longer politically significant.

Social Commitment

Like his brother Carl, Oetker was committed to Protestant organizations. Among other things, the foundation of the Diakonissenhaus in Kassel is largely due to him. The establishment of the city library was also significantly financed by Oetker.

In 1862 he was made an honorary citizen of Kassel, Schmalkalden , Witzenhausen , Rinteln and other cities.

Fonts

  • Heligoland. Descriptions and discussions. Duncker, Berlin 1855; Auerbach, Stuttgart 1878.
  • Belgian studies. Descriptions and discussions. Querbach, Stuttgart 1876.
  • Life memories. 3 vols. Auerbach, Stuttgart / Kassel 1877–1885.
  • From the north German peasant life. Descriptions. Paetel, Berlin 1880.

literature

  • Karl Wippermann :  Oetker, Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 541-546.
  • Files and documents on the history of the Electoral Hesse parliament and constitution 1848–1866 (= Publications of the Historical Commission for Hesse. 48, 2 = Prehistory and history of parliamentarism in Hesse. Vol. 4). Edited by Ulrich von Nathusius and Hellmut Seier . Elwert, Marburg 1987, ISBN 3-7708-0866-5 .
  • Ulrich von Nathusius: Elector, government and state parliament in permanent conflict. Studies on the constitutional history of Kurhessen in the reaction time (1850-1859) , Association for Hessian History and Regional Studies, Kassel 1996, ISBN 3-925333-28-2 .
  • Eckhart G. Franz :  Oetker, Friedrich. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 19, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1999, ISBN 3-428-00200-8 , p. 468 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Peter Straßheim: The Reichstag elections in the 1st Electoral Hesse Reichstag constituency Rinteln-Hofgeismar-Wolfhagen from 1866 to 1814. Frankfurt am Main 2001, ISBN 3-631-37757-6 , in particular pp. 57–60 and 100–103.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Karl Wippermann:  Oetker, Friedrich . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 24, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1887, pp. 541-546.
  2. ↑ Kösener corps lists 1910, 165, 21.
  3. ↑ Federal Archives: Members of the Pre-Parliament and the Fifties Committee (PDF file; 79 kB).
  4. ↑ Bernhard Mann (arrangement) with the assistance of Martin Doerry , Cornelia Rauh , Thomas Kühne : Biographisches Handbuch für das Prussische Abrafenhaus 1867–1918 (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 3). Droste, Düsseldorf 1988, ISBN 3-7700-5146-7 , p. 288; for the different constituencies and the election results see Thomas Kühne: Handbook of elections to the Prussian House of Representatives 1867–1918. Election results, election alliances and election candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 6). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5182-3 , p. 908.
  5. ↑ Bernd Haunfelder , Klaus Erich Pollmann : Reichstag of the North German Confederation 1867-1870. Historical photographs and biographical handbook (= photo documents on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 2). Droste, Düsseldorf 1989, ISBN 3-7700-5151-3 , photo p. 242, short biography p. 444–445.
  6. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. 2nd Edition. Carl Heymann Verlag, Berlin 1904, p. 147; compare also A. Phillips (Ed.): The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1883. Statistics of the elections for the constituent and North German Reichstag, for the customs parliament, as well as for the first five legislative periods of the German Reichstag. Verlag Louis Gerschel, Berlin 1883, p. 95; Compare short biography in: Georg Hirth (Hrsg.): German Parliament Almanach . 9th edition. Verlag Franz Duncker, Berlin May 9, 1871, p. 234 f.
personal data
SURNAME Oetker, Friedrich
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer, journalist and politician (NLP), MdR
DATE OF BIRTH April 9, 1809
PLACE OF BIRTH Rehren
DATE OF DEATH February 17, 1881
Place of death Berlin