Minden district
coat of arms | Germany map |
---|---|
Coordinates: 52 ° 17 ' N , 8 ° 55' E |
|
Basic data (as of 1972) | |
Existing period: | 1816-1972 |
State : | North Rhine-Westphalia |
Administrative region : | Detmold |
Regional association : | Westphalia-Lippe |
Administrative headquarters : | Minden |
Area : | 596.77 km 2 |
Residents: | 202,000 (Dec. 31, 1971) |
Population density : | 338 inhabitants per km 2 |
License plate : | MI |
Circle key : | 05 7 39 |
Circle structure: | 76 parishes |
Location of the Minden district in North Rhine-Westphalia | |
The Minden district (1939–1969: Minden district ) was a district in East Westphalia that existed from 1816 to 1972 . The district was initially part of the administrative district of Minden in the Prussian province of Westphalia and from 1947 part of the North Rhine-Westphalian administrative district of Detmold . The administrative seat was Minden . The district went up in 1973 as part of the North Rhine-Westphalian territorial reform in the newly founded Minden-Lübbecke district .
geography
location
The area of the former Minden district belongs with the southern part to the low mountain range, with the larger northern part to the North German Plain . The distinctive dividing line is the west-east running mountain range of Wiehen and Weser Mountains, which is interrupted by the Weser at Porta Westfalica . To the north of Minden, the Mittelland Canal crosses the area in an east-west direction where the Weser is bridged at the Minden waterway intersection .
Neighboring areas
In 1972, the Minden district bordered clockwise in the north, starting with the districts of Nienburg / Weser , Schaumburg-Lippe and Grafschaft Schaumburg (all in Lower Saxony ) and the districts of Lemgo , Herford and Lübbecke (all in North Rhine-Westphalia).
Administrative history
Assignment to higher regional authorities
The area of the district of Minden belonged to the Prussian administrative area Minden-Ravensberg until 1806 and formed the eastern part of the principality of Minden (offices Petershagen and Schlüsselburg and most of the office Hausberge), which had belonged to Brandenburg-Prussia since 1648 . In 1806 the area fell to Napoleonic France . Between 1807 and 1810 the later district area was part of the de facto French Kingdom of Westphalia ( Departement der Weser , District Minden ), the western part west of the Weser belonged to France between 1811 and 1813 ( Departement Ober-Ems , District Minden). The remainder of the Kingdom of Westphalia was incorporated into the Leine department (Rinteln district). The area received an administration based on the French model and was divided into cantons. After the reconquest by Prussia, it was provisionally part of the civil government between the Weser and the Rhine from 1813 until the founding of the Prussian province of Westphalia .
With the official dissolution of Prussia and thus also the province of Westphalia by the Allied Control Council in 1947 and the previous establishment of the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1946, the administrative district of Minden and thus the district of Minden became part of the new state of North Rhine-Westphalia. With the accession of the state of Lippe to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia in 1947 (formally completed in 1948), the administrative district of Minden was enlarged to include the Lippe areas in 1947. The district now designated as the Detmold administrative district after the new administrative center (briefly and initially referred to as the Minden-Lippe district) belonged to the Minden district until it was dissolved. With the establishment of the Federal Republic of Germany in 1949, the district of Minden also became part of the Federal Republic.
The structure of the municipality in the Minden district
The administrative district of Minden , founded in 1816 , one of three administrative districts in the province of Westphalia, was divided into twelve districts with effect from November 1, 1816 by ordinance of the royal government in Minden of October 18, 1816, including the district of Minden with its seat in Minden. The city and fortress of Minden were initially independent and were incorporated into the district on June 11, 1817. The district was initially divided into the nine administrative districts of Minden, Dützen, Friedewalde, Hartum, Hausberge, Hille, Petershagen, Schluesselburg and Windheim, also known as mayor's offices or cantons . Below the administrative districts, the Minden district comprised 76 cities and towns in 1821, which belonged to a total of 23 parishes .
On January 1, 1832, the parish of Rehme, to which Dehme , Niederbecksen and Rehme belonged, was reclassified from the Herford district to the Minden district. As part of the introduction of the rural community order for the province of Westphalia , the district was divided into seven offices in December 1843 . The city of Minden remained vacant. At the same time, all places that had their own household for their communal needs were given the status of a (rural) commune. Places in the Minden district that were not given a parish status in this context but were assigned to larger parishes included Bergkirchen, Fülme, Gernheim, Halle, Hasenkamp and Wasserstraße. In 1845 the Wietersheim manor district was separated from the Wietersheim community .
In 1851 Eidinghausen, Volmerdingsen, Werste and Wulferdingsen moved from the Dützen to the Rehme. In the same year, the two communities of Rehme and Niederbecksen were merged to form the community of Rehme-Niederbecksen . In addition, Lohfeld was incorporated into icebergs in the 1850s.
By cabinet order of April 26, 1859, the city of Oeynhausen was founded from parts of the communities of Rehme-Niederbecksen and Gohfeld ( Herford district ) and assigned to the office of Rehme. In 1868 Rehme and Niederbecksen were again separated into two communities. Hausberge, Petershagen and Schluesselburg adopted the rural community order in 1856 and have not been run as towns since then; In 1871 Petershagen were again run as a town and Hausberge and Schliisselburg as market towns, later as towns again.
The city of Oeynhausen left the Rehme office in 1885 and became vacant. In the same year, the border between Prussia and Schaumburg-Lippe was determined in the Frille area. Frille was now finally divided into two parishes and no longer a condominium . On October 14, 1886, Lohfeld was again separated from icebergs as a separate municipality.
In 1911 the city of Oeynhausen was renamed Bad Oeynhausen . The manor district of Wietersheim was reintegrated into the municipality of Wietersheim on July 1, 1920. The Niederbecksen community was renamed Lohe on April 1, 1926 . In 1934 the office of Schlüsselburg was dissolved, with Schlüsselburg coming to the office of Windheim and Buchholz and Grossenheerse to the office of Petershagen. Barkhausen, Hausberge and Holzhausen I took on the suffix “at the Porta”. On January 1, 1963, the municipality Wasserstraße was founded from a part of the city of Schluesselburg , for which Schlüsselburg gave over half of its urban area. On October 1, 1971, Frille was reunited and now belonged entirely to the state of North Rhine-Westphalia.
From 1939 to 1969 the district was called "Landkreis Minden". On October 1, 1969, the district became the district of Minden.
The district of Minden was last (1972) divided into two cities without an office and 74 municipalities belonging to an office in six offices. As part of the North Rhine-Westphalian regional reform , the district of Minden was united with the neighboring district of Lübbecke to form the district of Minden-Lübbecke on January 1, 1973 by the "Law on the reorganization of the municipalities and districts of the reorganization area Bielefeld ( Bielefeld law )" . Also by this law cities and municipalities of the district were merged into the five cities and municipalities Bad Oeynhausen , Hille , Minden , Petershagen and Porta Westfalica . The municipality of Uffeln from the office of Hausberge was incorporated into the city of Vlotho ( Herford district ). All offices were dissolved.
Office 1 | Parishes 2 1821 | Parishes 1845 | Municipalities 1972 |
---|---|---|---|
unofficial cities | Minden | Minden | Bad Oeynhausen, Minden |
Dützen | Barkhausen with Aulhausen, Bölhorst, Dützen with Hummelbeck , Häverstädt with Uphausen, Haddenhausen with Biemke, Bergkirchen with Oberlübbe, Rothenuffeln, Unterlübbe with Hilferdingsen, Wulferdingsen, Volmerdingsen, Eidinghausen, Werste | Barkhausen , Bölhorst , Dützen , Eidinghausen , Haddenhausen , Häverstädt , Oberlübbe , Rothenuffeln , Unterlübbe , Volmerdingsen , Werste , Wulferdingsen | Barkhausen ad Porta, Bölhorst, Dützen, Haddenhausen, Häverstädt, Oberlübbe, Rothenuffeln, Unterlübbe |
Rehme | Dehme , Niederbecksen , Rehme | Dehme, Eidinghausen, Lohe, Rehme, Volmerdingsen, Werste, Wulferdingsen | |
Hille | Eickhorst, Hille, Südhemmern | ||
Hartum | Hahlen, Hartum, Holzhausen, Nordhemmern | Eickhorst , Hahlen , Hartum , Hille , Holzhausen II , Nordhemmern , Südhemmern | Eickhorst, Hahlen, Hartum, Hille, Holzhausen II, Nordhemmern, Südhemmern |
Local mountains | Icebergs, Fülme, Lohfeld, Stadt Hausberge, Holtrup-Vössen, Uffeln, Holzhausen with Amorkamp, Costedt with Rothenhoff , Möllbergen, Vennebeck, Kleinenbremen, Wülpke, Lerbeck, Meißen, Nammen, Neesen, Veltheim | Costedt , Eisbergen , Stadt Hausberge , Holtrup , Holzhausen I , Kleinenbremen , Lohfeld , Lerbeck , Meißen , Möllbergen , Nammen , Neesen , Uffeln , Veltheim , Vennebeck , Wülpke | Costedt, Eisbergen, Stadt Hausberge ad Porta, Holtrup, Holzhausen ad Porta, Kleinenbremen, Lerbeck, Lohfeld, Meißen, Möllbergen, Nammen, Neesen, Uffeln, Veltheim, Vennebeck, Wülpke |
Key castle | Buchholz, Großenheerse, Röden , town of Schluesselburg with outer bailey | Buchholz , Großenheerse , city of Schluesselburg | |
Petershagen | Todtenhausen, Kutenhausen, Gernheim, Halle, Hävern, Ovenstädt, Eldagsen, Maaslingen, Meßlingen, the city of Petershagen, Südfelde, Friedewalde, Stemmer | Eldagsen , Friedewalde , Hävern , Kutenhausen , Maaslingen , Meßlingen , Ovenstädt , City of Petershagen , Stemmer , Südfelde , Todtenhausen | Buchholz, Eldagsen, Friedewalde, Grossenheerse, Hävern, Kutenhausen, Maaslingen, Meßlingen, Ovenstädt, the city of Petershagen, Stemmer, Südfelde, Todtenhausen |
Windheim | Dankersen, Hasenkamp, Bierde, Ilserheide, Lahde, Quetzen, Raderhorst, Heimsen with Neuhoff, Wasserstraße and Hünerburg, Ilvese, Aminghausen, Frille (Prussian part) 3 , Leteln, Päpinghausen, Wietersheim, Döhren, Gorspen-Vahlsen, Ilse with Wulfhagen, Jössen , Neuenknick, Rosenhagen, Seelenfeld, Windheim | Aminghausen , Bierde , Dankersen , Döhren , Frille , Gorspen-Vahlsen , Heimsen , Ilse , Ilserheide , Ilvese , Jössen , Lahde , Leteln , Neuenknick , Päpinghausen , Quetzen , Raderhorst , Rosenhagen , Seelenfeld , Wietersheim , Windheim , Wietersheim manor district | Aminghausen, Bierde, Dankersen, Döhren, Frille, Gorspen-Vahlsen, Heimsen, Ilse, Ilserheide, Ilvese, Jössen, Lahde, Leteln, Neuenknick, Päpinghausen, Quetzen, Raderhorst, Rosenhagen, town of Schlüsselburg, Seelenfeld, Wasserstraße, Wietersheim, Windheim |
1 in part also referred to as cantons, mayorships or mayor's offices
2 in part also referred to as peasantry
3 The church village of Frille belonged to 2/3 Prussia and 1/3 Bückeburg.
Sponsorship
On July 9, 1955, the Minden district officially sponsored the former Königsberg (Pr.) Land district. After the district reform, the new Minden-Lübbecke district continues the sponsorship. Today the Prussian Museum in Minden is responsible for the contacts.
Population development
The following overview shows the population of the Minden district according to the respective territorial status. Changes in the territorial status resulted from the incorporation of the communities Dehme, Lohe and Rehme from the Herford district on January 1, 1832, and the incorporation of part of the Gohfeld community from the Herford district in 1860. The figures are census results or their Updates. From 1871 and 1946, the figures relate to the local population and from 1925 to the resident population . Before 1871, the population figures were determined using inconsistent survey methods.
The emigration to America peaked in 1857 with 860 people. A total of 12,501 people emigrated from the district with and without permission during the wave of emigration from 1845 to 1869.
|
|
|
|
In 1960 there were 32,100 displaced persons in the district due to the Second World War .
politics
District administrators
- 1817–1820 Otto von Arnim
- 1820–1849 Heinrich von Korff
- 1849–1869 Carl von Schlotheim
- 1869-1892 Alexander von Oheimb
- 1892–1905 Christoph Bosse
- 1905–1917 Franz Cornelsen (drafted 1914–1917, representative: Erich Kretschmar)
- 1917–1937 Erich Petersen
- 1937–1940 Hermann Meyer-Nieberg (NSDAP)
- March 29, 1940 - October 28, 1942 Udo von Alvensleben ( acting , NSDAP)
- October 29, 1942 - July 31, 1943 Albrecht Kusserow (NSDAP)
- August 1, 1943 - May 30, 1944 Erich Hartmann (District Administrator of the Herford district), Friedrich Kleim (acting, at the same time Lord Mayor of Herford)
- May 31, 1944 - April 4, 1945 Georg Lichtenberg (NSDAP) (fled to the east from Minden on April 4, 1945)
- April 7, 1945 - April 26, 1945 Leopold Heinrich (NSDAP) (appointed and deposed by the British military administration)
- 26./27. April 1945 - 28./29. June 1945 Hans Graff (independent) (appointed and removed from the British military administration)
- June 29, 1945 - September 19, 1945 Hermann Heyne (independent) (appointed and removed from the British military administration)
- September 19, 1945 - December 4, 1945 Erich Kühn
- December 5, 1945 - April 25, 1946 Gerhard Bothur (SPD) ( appointed head of administration by the British military government )
- April 27, 1946 - October 23, 1946 Willy Michel (SPD) (elected by the district council and confirmed as district administrator by the British military government on April 20, 1946)
- 1946–1948 Heinrich Wehking (CDU)
- 1948–1951 Willy Michel (SPD)
- 1951–1952 Friedrich Kohlmeier (SPD)
- 1952–1956 Heinrich Wehking (CDU)
- 1956–1964 Friedrich Kohlmeier (SPD)
- 1964–1966 Friedrich Schonhofen (SPD)
- 1966–1972 Hans Rohe (SPD)
Upper District Directors
- 1946–1954 Gerhard Bothur (SPD)
- 1954–1966 Arnold Krampe (CDU)
- 1966–1972 Horst Rosenbusch (SPD)
The district council in the Kingdom of Prussia
On the basis of a royal decree of July 13, 1827, the so-called "district order", district assemblies were set up in the districts of the Kingdom of Prussia. The district council of Minden was composed of the estate owners of the district and the deputies of the cities and offices in the district. The district administrator had to convene the district councils at least once a year for the district assembly. The district administrator presided over and only had voting rights if he was also the owner of the manor. The district administrator was a "political official", as such bound by instructions and dependent on the trust of the Prussian state government. The deputies were elected by the cities and offices for six years, half of which were renewed every three years.
The district council had the task of supporting the district administrator in the district administration and was able to advise on all matters that affected the district. From 1841, the district council had the right to decide on expenses and the necessary taxes for the citizens. The district council also had the task of choosing three candidates for this office from the circle of manor owners if the district office was vacant; these were then proposed by the district government to the king, who had to appoint the district administrator.
The following people were members of the district council in 1862:
Manor owner:
- District Administrator Carl von Schlotheim ( Rittergut Wietersheim )
- Minister von Oheimb, Detmold ( Rittergut Holzhausen )
- Baron von Puttkamer ( Manor Ovelgönne )
- Baron von Schellersheim ( Rittergut Eisbergen )
- Baron von dem Bussche zu Liethe ( Haddenhausen Manor )
- Caesar zu Rothenhoff ( Rothenhoff Manor )
- Herr von Sternfeld, Minden ( Rittergut Neuhof )
- Herr von Möller ( Schluesselburg Castle )
Deputies of the cities:
- Lord Mayor Poehlmann, Minden
- Alderman Reischhauer, Minden
- Merchant Meyer, Petershagen
- Innkeeper Krutemeyer, Bad Oeynhausen
Deputies of the offices:
- Official Lüttgert, Office Hartum
- Bailiff Luther, Amt Dützen
- Kommerziant Henschel, Office Petershagen
- Colonus Frederking, Office Rehme zu Werste
- Colonus Humke, Windheim zu Lahde
- Kaufmann Schwarz, Amt Hausberge
In 1887 a new district order came into force for the districts in the Prussian province of Westphalia . This "district order for the province of Westphalia" made the districts, as previous government authorities, also self-governing bodies at the local level. Paragraph 2 of the district regulations stated: "According to the more detailed provisions of this law, each district forms a local association for self-administration of its affairs with the rights of cooperation." From then on, the organ of self-administration was the elected district committee.
The manor owners lost their previous virile votes . They were no longer hereditary members of the district council and, like the towns and offices belonging to the district, had to form an electoral association. In 1908, the district assembly of the Minden district consisted of 29 members and the district administrator as chairman; from 1908 it met in the district building on Tonhallenstrasse in Minden , which was built under the direction of government master builder Paul Kanold . The district committee consisted of six members elected by the district council for six years and the district administrator as chairman, two members resigned every two years and were supplemented by by-elections. The district committee had to prepare and carry out the resolutions of the district council and to administer the district affairs as well as to appoint and supervise the community service staff of the district. From 1886 the district council elected two district deputies as deputies of the district administrator.
District council and district administration in the Weimar Republic and under National Socialism
In the Weimar Republic , the district order of 1886 remained, but was changed in one crucial point. The election of the district assembly took place on February 21, 1921 for the first time according to democratic principles, all residents had the same right to vote, including women for the first time. After the seizure of power by the Nazis on March 12, 1933, the last largely free elections council were held in the Minden.
The district council was composed as follows in 1933:
- NSDAP: 15 seats
- SPD: 10 seats
- Combat Front Black / White / Red: 3 seats
- KPD: 1 seat
- Center: 1 seat
- Evangelical People's Service: 1 seat
- National-civil association: 1 seat
Shortly after the election, the MPD deputy was stripped of his mandate and the SPD deputies saw no possibility of being able to exercise their mandate independently and freely. The powers of the district council were transferred to the district committees by law in July 1933, but formally the district councils remained. The competences of the district committees initially remain, but they were then increasingly restricted and from September 1939, by regulation of the Council of Ministers for Reich Defense, sole decision-making authority was transferred to the district administrator. During the Second World War there were more frequent changes in the office of the district administrator. At this time, the district administrator was purely a decision-making body of the NSDAP and was under their supervision, in particular by the district leader of the NSDAP.
District council and district administration after the end of the war
With the occupation of Minden by Allied troops on the evening of April 4, 1945, the rule of the National Socialists ended. The provisional district administrator, Oberregierungsrat Georg Lichtenberg (NSDAP) had gone to the right bank of the Weser in the afternoon and finally deposed to the east. Unaware of his membership in the NSDAP and SA, the British military government appointed District Administrator Leopold Heinrich as provisional district administrator on April 7, 1945; on April 26, 1945 he was dismissed from service without notice.
In the next few months the Minden district was run by district administrators who were only dependent on the British military government and had no parliamentary legitimacy. On February 27, 1946, an appointed district council with 55 members met for the first time ("Nominated Representative Council"), and the social democrat Willy Michel was elected chairman and district administrator of the Minden district. The management of the administration and the state tasks were carried out from 1946 onwards by the senior district director elected by the district council , the district administrator was only chairman of the district council and the highest political representative of the district. The first free and equal district election on October 13, 1946 brought a shift in power from the SPD to the CDU and led to the election of Heinrich Wehking (CDU) as district administrator.
In October 1953, the new district regulations for North Rhine-Westphalia came into force, this law expressly suspended the district regulations of 1886 and sealed the change to a democratically formulated district council and elected administration.
Results of the district elections from 1946
The list only shows parties and constituencies that received at least two percent of the votes in the respective election.
Share of votes of the parties in percent
year | SPD | CDU | FDP | BHE | KPD |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1946 | 45.9 | 46.6 | 1.1 | 6.4 | |
1948 | 47.2 | 42.4 | 4.2 | 6.2 | |
1952 | 42.9 | 27.8 | 17.2 | 8.7 | 3.1 |
1956 | 49.4 | 26.5 | 18.3 | 5.2 | |
1961 | 47.9 | 30.1 | 17.8 | 3.8 | |
1964 | 51.4 | 31.0 | 17.6 | ||
1969 | 49.9 | 36.1 | 14.0 |
coat of arms
The two-part escutcheon shows a heraldic right on a red background a key (beard above and pointing outwards) and heraldic left on a silver (white) background two rafters . The key symbolizes the key of Saint Peter . It is shown in many coats of arms in the region, but mostly in the form of two crossed keys. It was already the symbol of the bishops of Minden , therefore also represented in the coat of arms of the diocese of Minden , as well as the principality of Minden and the city of Minden . The representation on the red field is typical in all of these coats of arms. Most of the Minden district was formerly part of the Principality of Minden. Smaller parts in the south of the district also belonged to the County of Ravensberg . The right field is therefore structured similar to the coat of arms of the County of Ravensberg. The coat of arms has been in use since 1935. The coat of arms of the Minden-Lübbecke district's successor district has identical symbols, only the representation has been changed.
License Plate
On July 1, 1956, the district was assigned the distinctive sign MI when the vehicle registration number was introduced. It is continuously issued in the Minden-Lübbecke district to this day.
literature
- Hans Nordsiek: From the “district office” to the district administration. A contribution to the administrative history of the Minden-Lübbecke district . In: Messages from the Minden History Society . Annual volume 63, 1991.
- State Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia: Statistical review for the district of Minden . Düsseldorf 1966.
Web links
Individual evidence
- ↑ Westfalenlexikon 1832-1835 . In: Landschaftsverband Westfalen-Lippe (Ed.): Reprints for the Westphalian archive maintenance . tape 3 . Münster 1978, p. 158 (reprint of the original from 1834).
- ↑ Landgemeinde -ordnung for the Province of Westphalia from October 31, 1841 (PDF; 1.6 MB)
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1845: Wietersheim estate
- ↑ a b District of Minden-Lübbecke: Archives in the district of Minden-Lübbecke, page 8
- ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 326 f .
- ↑ Topographical-statistical manual of the government district of Minden, structure of the Hausberge office. (Digitized version) 1866, accessed April 4, 2014 .
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1860: Formation of the city of Oeynhausen
- ^ A b Wolfgang Leesch: Administration in Westphalia 1815–1945 . In: Publications of the Historical Commission for Westphalia . tape 38 . Aschendorff, Münster 1992, ISBN 3-402-06845-1 .
- ↑ Stephanie Reekers: The regional development of the districts and communities of Westphalia 1817-1967 . Aschendorff, Münster Westfalen 1977, ISBN 3-402-05875-8 , p. 230 .
- ^ Minden-Lübbecke district: Archives in the Minden-Lübbecke district, page 7
- ↑ Announcement of the new version of the district regulations for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia from August 11, 1969 in the Law and Ordinance Gazette for the state of North Rhine-Westphalia, year 1969, No. 2021, p. 670 ff.
- ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 325 f .
- ↑ Statistical-topographical overview of the government district of Minden 1821. In: Digital Collections ULB Münster. P. 34 ff , accessed on March 3, 2014 .
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Dützen Office
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Rehme Office
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Hartum Office
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Hausberge Office
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Schlüsselburg Office
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Petershagen Office
- ^ Official Journal of the Minden Government 1843: Formation of the Windheim Office
- ↑ Homepage of the district of Minden Lübbecke: District sponsorships Heimatgemeinde Königsberg accessed on October 31, 2019
- ↑ State Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia: Municipal statistics of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: population development 1816–1871 . Düsseldorf 1966, pp. 60-63.
- ↑ State Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia: Municipal statistics of the State of North Rhine-Westphalia: Population development 1871–1961 . Düsseldorf 1964, pp. 66-67.
- ↑ State Statistical Office of North Rhine-Westphalia: The resident population in the municipalities of North Rhine-Westphalia 1970: Results of the census on May 27, 1970 . Düsseldorf 1972, p. 41.
- ↑ Statistical Yearbook for the Federal Republic of Germany 1973
- ↑ Wolfgang Riechmann: Two hundred years of emigration from the Mindener Land. A contribution to the migration history of the eastern Principality of Minden and the Minden district. Messages of the Mindener Geschichtsverein, year 64 (1992), pp. 81–113.
- ^ Michael Rademacher: German administrative history from the unification of the empire in 1871 to the reunification in 1990. Minden district. (Online material for the dissertation, Osnabrück 2006).
- ↑ Source: respective issue of the State Statistical Office (LDS NRW), Mauerstr. 51, Düsseldorf, with the election results at the district level.