Heinrich Eugen Marcard

Heinrich Eugen Marcard (born January 4, 1806 in Oldenburg , † November 27, 1883 in Berlin ) was a member of the Prussian military justice service, a member of parliament and formerly an anti-Semite .

Life

Marcard was the son of the conservative publicist and personal physician in the Oldenburg service Heinrich Matthias Marcard (1747-1817). After attending grammar school in Bückeburg and alumni at Loccum Abbey , he studied law in Göttingen and Halle an der Saale . In Göttingen he was a member of the Guestphalia Göttingen, in Halle a member of the Corps Guestphalia Halle . After completing his studies, he entered the Prussian judicial service in 1828. In 1838 he switched to military justice and was a garrison auditor in Minden . Between 1846 and 1853 Marcard was a division auditor in Danzig . Then he was auditor of the 5th Army Corps in Poznan until 1856 and then the III. Army Corps in Berlin . In the German-Danish War of 1864 he was chief auditor of the 1st combined army corps. In the German War of 1866 Marcard was field chief auditor of the III. Army Corps . In 1875, Macard retired.

From 1855 to 1858 and again from 1882 until his death he was a member of the Prussian House of Representatives for the constituency of Lübbecke - Herford and for the constituency of Münster 1 region ( Tecklenburg ). From 1877 until his death he was a member of the Reichstag as a member of the constituency of Minden 3 ( Bielefeld - Wiedenbrück ). He was a member of the faction of the German Conservative Party .

Marcard has written for conservative newspapers for many years, such as the Neue Preussische Zeitung (Kreuzzeitung) . He also published various writings, some anonymously or under a pseudonym. Marcard was one of the early anti-Semites in Germany. In 1843/44 he was one of the first to propose an anti-Semitic party in his work “On the Possibility of the Emancipation of Jews in the Christian-Germanic State”. He drafted an initial anti-Semitic program for an audience of petty bourgeois merchants and farmers. He was then banned from publishing and was transferred to Danzig.

Anti-Semitic program

The conservative Hegelian Marcard, against the Young Hegelians Edgar and Bruno Bauer, defined the state as genuinely Christian and the German nation with spruce as "primitive people". In both respects, the Jew appeared to him to be a foreign body who questioned the Christian faith on the one hand and the national character of the people as an "organically self-contained unit" on the other. He contrasts the New Hegelians with Hegel's sentence:

"It belongs to education, to thinking as the consciousness of the individual in the form of the general public, that I am understood as a general person, in which all are identical. Man is valid because he is a person, not because he is a Jew, Catholic, Protestant, German , Italians, etc. This consciousness, to which the thought applies, is of infinite importance - only inadequate if, for example, as cosmopolitanism, it fixes itself on confronting concrete state life. "

However, he does not yet define the people in a biological-racist way and considers Jews capable of "becoming part of the German people" if they profess Christianity, even if this only happens externally, and marry Germans: "The sacrament of baptism speaks more powerfully than the concern that mixing with foreign blood cannot be anything desirable for an indigenous people as a whole ... "

Fonts (selection)

• Treumund Wahrlieb (pseudonym): About the possibility of the emancipation of Jews in the Christian-Germanic state. Minden / Leipzig 1843.
• Treumund Wahrlieb (pseudonym): Is a Jew allowed to be a member of an authority that is placed above Christian subjects? A friendly, simple word spoken to the German citizen and farmer. Minden 1843. ( ULB Münster )
• The peasant flayer. A story. 1844.
• A literary life. 1846.
• Mixed fonts. 1852.
• French and Russian sins against Germany. 1854.
• Pyrmont. Scenic and historical. 1856.
• Eighteen hundred and thirty. A dance of death in the Teutoburg Forest (poem). 1869. ( Digitized edition of the University and State Library Düsseldorf )
• The Black Book in France. 1870.
• The relationship of the conservatives to the Catholics, following Herr von Gerlach's writing: "Kaiser und Pope." 1873

literature

• Arno Herzig : hatred of Jews and anti-Semitism among the lower classes and in the early labor movement. In: Ludger Heid, Arnold Paucker (Hrsg.): Jews and German labor movement until 1933. Social utopias and religious-cultural traditions (= series of scientific treatises of the Leo-Baeck-Institut. Volume 49). Mohr, Tübingen 1992, ISBN 3-16-146016-2 , pp. 1-18. ( limited preview in Google Book search)
• Arno Herzig: arsonist in the Biedermeier era. How to stir up hatred of the Jews in Minden and elsewhere and how the epoch became the origin of modern anti-Semitism in Germany. In: The time . No. 4, Jan. 21, 2010, p. 78. ( online )
• Werner Bergmann : Marcard, Heinrich Eugen. In: Wolfgang Benz (Hrsg.): Handbuch des Antisemitismus. Hostility to Jews in the past and present . Vol. 2/2: People L – Z. De Gruyter Saur, Berlin 2009, ISBN 978-3-598-24072-0 , p. 516ff.

Web links

• Heinrich Eugen Marcard in the database of members of the Reichstag
• Biography of Heinrich Eugen Marcard . In: Heinrich Best : database of the members of the Reichstag of the Empire 1867/71 to 1918 (Biorab - Kaiserreich)

Individual evidence

1. ^ Hans Friedl: Biography of Marcard, Heinrich Matthias. In: Hans Friedl u. a. (Ed.): Biographical manual for the history of the state of Oldenburg . Edited on behalf of the Oldenburg landscape. Isensee, Oldenburg 1992, ISBN 3-89442-135-5 , pp. 346-348 ( online ).
2. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1960, 116, 612
3. ↑ Bernhard Mann (edit.): Biographical manual for the Prussian House of Representatives. 1867-1918. (= Handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 3). Collaboration with Martin Doerry , Cornelia Rauh and Thomas Kühne. Droste Verlag, Düsseldorf 1988, p. 261; for the election results see Thomas Kühne: Handbook of elections to the Prussian House of Representatives 1867–1918. Election results, election alliances and election candidates (= handbooks on the history of parliamentarism and political parties. Volume 6). Droste, Düsseldorf 1994, ISBN 3-7700-5182-3 , pp. 585-588.
4. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. 2nd Edition. Heymann, Berlin 1904, p. 137; see. also A. Phillips (Ed.): The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1883. Statistics of the elections for the constituent and North German Reichstag, for the customs parliament, as well as for the first five legislative periods of the German Reichstag . Verlag Louis Gerschel, Berlin 1883, p. 87; Compare also short biography in: Georg Hirth (Ed.): German Parliament Almanach . 14th edition from November 1881. Verlag Georg Hirth, Leipzig / Munich 1881, p. 182.
5. ↑ Arno Herzig: hatred of Jews and anti-Semitism among the lower classes and in the early labor movement. In: Ludger Heid, Arnold Paucker (Hrsg.): Jews and German labor movement until 1933. Social utopias and religious-cultural traditions. Tübingen 1992, pp. 1-18, here: p. 10.
6. ↑ cosmopolitanuniversity.ac ( Memento of the original from January 13, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.  
7. ↑ Pseud. Together with an otherwise little known "Hauptmann von Scheele", person can be archived in 1858 in the archival collection of the Bomann Museum