Oberamt Weinsberg

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Location of the Oberamt Weinsberg in Württemberg around 1835

The Oberamt Weinsberg was a Württemberg Oberamt that existed from 1755 to 1926. The Oberamtsstadt with the seat of the Oberamtsverwaltung was Weinsberg .

Size and location

The area of ​​the Oberamt is given in the Oberamt description of 1861 (see literature) as 71,666 6/8 acres or 4,1081 square miles (about 226 km² ). Later sources give an area of ​​226.41 km² for 1900 and 1910 respectively. The Oberamt was thus one of the smaller in Württemberg (average size of an Oberamt: 5,626 square miles). The Oberamtsstadt was located in the very west of the Oberamtsgebiet, which essentially comprised the Weinsberger Valley , but also had a share in the Hohenlohe Plain , the Löwenstein Mountains and the Mainhardt Forest .

The Oberamt bordered in the northwest on the Oberamt Neckarsulm , in the northeast on the Oberamt Öhringen , in the east on the Oberamt Hall and Gaildorf , in the south on the Oberamt Backnang and Marbach , in the southwest on the Oberamt Besigheim and in the west on the Oberamt Heilbronn .

population

The Oberamt Weinsberg counted 27,337 local residents and 24,550 local residents on December 3, 1858, who were predominantly of the Lutheran denomination (25,819 Lutherans to 891 Catholics, 213 dissenters (Baptists) and 414 Jews). The population density was 6,667 local residents or 5,983 local residents per square mile. This made the Oberamt Weinsberg one of the most densely populated districts in Württemberg (Württemberg average: 4,773 people present per square mile). On December 1, 1900, the population was 23,358, on December 1, 1910 23,166.

history

Oberamt Weinsberg, territorial status 1813, with the earlier rule and office boundaries
legend
The former High Court building

In 1755 the upper bailiffs were abolished in Württemberg . The bailiffs previously subordinate to them were made senior officials, each of whom was in charge of an upper office. In 1755, the old Württemberg Oberamt Weinsberg emerged from the Weinsberg office . Initially, it remained a minor senior office on the Württemberg border. In addition to Weinsberg itself, Bitzfeld, Bretzfeld, Eberstadt, Ellhofen (partially), Gellmersbach (half), Grantschen, Holz, Hößlinsülz, Horkheim (today part of Heilbronn ), Hütten (today part of Mainhardt), Rappach, Scheppach, Schwabbach (with Siebeneich) , Sülzbach, Willsbach and Wüstenrot to the Oberamt.

In the years 1806-1812 the supreme office was then extended to places from the newly fallen to Württemberg areas, specifically around the Johanniter - Commende Affaltrach that deutschordensche half Gellmersbach, the monastery-schöntalische Wimmental that rich knightly places Eschenau, Lehrensteinsfeld, Maienfels (with Neuhütten) and Weiler (with Eichelberg) as well as around the Hohenlohe places Ammertsweiler, Ellhofen (partially), Finsterrot, Geddelsbach, Mainhardt (with Geißelhardt and Lachweiler ) and Unterheimbach. At the same time, various old Württemberg territories such as the Löwenstein reserve bailiwick or the Lichtenstern monastery (Kloster Lichtenstern) were dissolved and added to the remaining upper offices. Some places came from these areas to the Oberamt Weinsberg, namely Dimbach, Lichtenstern (later added Löwenstein), Löwenstein, Neulautern, Unterheinriet (from the Beilstein office ) and Waldbach. In return, in 1807 the places Horkheim, which had previously belonged to the Oberamt Weinsberg, were added to the Oberamt Heilbronn and Hütten to the Oberamt Gaildorf. Grab , Großhöchberg , Neufürstenhütte , Vorder- and Hinterbüchelberg came to the Oberamt Backnang. In 1842 Geißelhardt and Lachweiler (now part of Mainhardt) were ceded to the Oberamt Öhringen. From 1842 until its dissolution in 1926, the area of ​​the Oberamt remained unchanged.

Within a few decades, the administrative organization of Württemberg was fundamentally changed several times in the early 19th century. The superordinate administrative units for the Oberamt Weinsberg were from 1806 the newly formed district Heilbronn, in its successor from 1810 the Landvogtei am lower Neckar with seat in Heilbronn and finally from 1818 up to its dissolution in 1924 the Neckar district . The sub-offices of Böhringsweiler (later part of Wüstenrots, now part of Großerlachs ), Löwenstein and Mainhardt, which came to the Oberamt Weinsberg in 1810/1812 , were dissolved until the organizational reform in 1818. As a result of the separation of the administration of justice from administration and police in 1818, the Oberamt received an Oberamtsgericht with its seat in the Oberamtsstadt. As early as 1806, the Oberamt received a camera office as a new financial authority in succession to various predecessor authorities (initially called camera revenue, also based in Weinsberg).

The Oberamt Weinsberg in 1923

Since 1886 there were considerations in Württemberg to change the district division of the state. In 1906, 1911 and 1919 the matter returned to political discussion. After the dissolution of the upper office in Cannstatt in August 1923 , the Württemberg government again undertook to reduce the number of higher offices in 1923/1924. After 23 senior offices were initially to be abolished, this number was reduced to six and then increased again to seven, with the seventh senior office being the Oberamt Weinsberg. The reform failed and led to the resignation of the government in April 1924 . After several municipalities in the Weinsberg Oberamt had expressed their wish to be assigned to other Oberamts in 1924, which they promised lower costs, the Oberamt conducted a survey on behalf of the Württemberg Ministry of the Interior in November 1924. 18 municipalities supported the dissolution of the Oberamt, 12 spoke out against it and 4 were undecided. The further political debate eventually led to a mini-reform, which was the only Oberamt to fall victim to the Oberamt Weinsberg. On March 17, 1925, the Württemberg Ministry of the Interior cited the “unfavorable design from the start” of the “mixed up district (s)” as well as the “disproportion between necessary effort and financial performance” of the administrative district. With effect from April 1, 1926, the Oberamt Weinsberg against the violent protests of the city of Weinsberg and the Weinsberg population was dissolved and distributed to the surrounding Oberamts. A petition by the Weinsberg women to the state parliament to prevent the dissolution of the upper office, combined with a signature campaign, was also unsuccessful.

Weinsberg, Eberstadt, Ellhofen, Lehrensteinsfeld, Löwenstein and Unterheinriet together with their later sub-locations as well as Neulautern, Wüstenrot and today's sub-locations of Obersulm were added to the Oberamt Heilbronn , Mainhardt and Ammertsweiler to the Oberamt Hall , Bretzfeld with later sub-locations as well as Finsterrot, Maienfels and Neuhütten to the Oberamt Öhringen .

Places of office

Official locations including the Oberamtsstadt were from 1842 until the dissolution in 1926:

  1. Affaltrach (today part of Obersulms )
  2. Ammertsweiler (today part of Mainhardt)
  3. Bitzfeld (today part of Bretzfeld)
  4. Bretzfeld
  5. Dimbach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  6. Eberstadt
  7. Eichelberg (today part of Obersulm)
  8. Ellhofen
  9. Eschenau (today part of Obersulm)
  10. Dark red (today part of desert red)
  11. Geddelsbach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  12. Gellmersbach (today part of Weinsberg)
  13. Grantschen (today part of Weinsberg)
  14. Holz (today part of Eberstadt)
  15. Hößlinsülz (today part of Löwenstein)
  16. Lehrenstein field
  17. Lion's Arch
  2. Maienfels (today part of Wüstenrots)
  3. Mainhardt
  4. Neuhütten (today part of Wüstenrots)
  5. Neulautern (today part of Wüstenrots)
  6. Rappach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  7. Scheppach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  8. Schwabbach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  9. Siebeneich (today part of Bretzfeld)
  10. Sülzbach (today part of Obersulm)
  11. Unterheimbach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  12. Unterheinriet (today part of Untergruppenbach )
  13. Waldbach (today part of Bretzfeld)
  14. Hamlet (today part of Obersulm)
  15. Weinberg
  16. Willsbach (today part of Obersulm)
  17. Wimmental (today part of Weinsberg)
  18. Desert red

Changes in the community since 1813

Parishes and marks around 1860

Around 1825 the community Reisach (with Lichtenstern) was incorporated into Löwenstein.

In 1828 the new Ammertsweiler community was formed from parts of the Mainhardt and Finsterrot communities.

In 1832 Eichelberg was separated from Weiler and raised to the status of an independent municipality.

In 1835 Siebeneich was separated from Schwabbach and raised to the status of an independent municipality.

In 1842 the community of Geißelhardt was transferred to the Oberamt Öhringen.

In 1844 Weißlensburg was incorporated into Bitzfeld.

In 1847 Geddelsbach was separated from Unterheimbach and raised to an independent municipality.

In 1856 the communities of Brettach (with Maienfels) and Oberheimbach merged to form the community of Maienfels. In the same year Hohenegarten, Mönchsberg, Nüßlenshof and Waspenhof were reassigned from Wüstenrot to Mainhardt; on the other hand, Hals, Hasenhof and Weihenbronn came from Ammertsweiler to Wüstenrot.

Head of office

The upper office building erected in 1908/1909, today the seat of the Weinsberg police station
  • 1806 to 1809: Johann Karl Heinrich Fetzer (born June 2, 1749 in Winzerhausen; † January 14, 1825 in Stuttgart), headed the old Württemberg office of Weinsberg from 1777.
  • 1809 to 1811: Ludwig Ferdinand Dapp (born June 1, 1756 in Stuttgart; † 1844), senior magistrate in other places from 1803, most recently senior justice advisor in Ulm.
  • 1811 to 1817: Dr. Heinrich Aaron Spittler (born July 10, 1754 in Stuttgart, † October 2, 1835 in Heilbronn), senior magistrate in other places from 1783, was retired in 1817 due to disorder in the administration.
  • 1817 to 1842: Gottlieb Benjamin von Wolf (* December 2, 1780 in Königsbronn; †?), Senior magistrate in other places from 1809.
  • 1842 to 1852: Eberhard Friedrich Zais (born July 26, 1801 in Lombach; † May 26, 1888 in Cannstatt), was a member of the Blaubeuren district from 1838 to 1844, was transferred to the Spaichingen district in 1852 and was most recently senior magistrate in Schorndorf.
  • 1852 to 1870: Ferdinand Bürger (born January 30, 1804 in Stuttgart; † September 2, 1870 in Baden-Baden), senior magistrate in other places from 1839.
  • 1870 to 1877: Andreas Rath (* June 8, 1823 in Dettingen an der Ems; † June 7, 1894 in Cannstatt), was from 1864 senior bailiff in Riedlingen and after 1877 senior bailiff in Cannstatt.
  • 1877 to 1890: Robert Fleischhauer (* October 2, 1833 in Bräunisheim; †?), Senior magistrate in other places from 1870, after 1890 in Schwäbisch Hall, later in Stuttgart. In 1884 he was awarded the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Order of Frederick, 1898 was awarded the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown.
  • 1891 to 1897: Friedrich Zorer (born July 13, 1855 in Ellwangen; †?), After 1897 senior magistrate in Reutlingen
  • 1897 to 1900: Karl Ernst Baier (born August 10, 1863 in Heilbronn; † October 5, 1948 in Künzelsau), 1906 holder of the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Order of Frederick, 1913 holder of the Knight's Cross of the Order of the Württemberg Crown.
  • 1901 to 1907: Theodor Freiherr von Soden (born April 15, 1863 in Esslingen, † October 25, 1914 in the field), after 1907 senior magistrate in Tübingen. 1909 Knight of Honor of the Order of St. John, 1910 holder of the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Frederick Order, 1911 holder of the Knight's Cross 1st Class of the Brunswick Order of Henry the Lion.
  • 1907 to 1925: Karl Eisele (* July 20, 1862 in Esslingen, † November 21, 1934 in Obertürkheim), from 1902 senior magistrate in Künzelsau. 1916 Wilhelmskreuzträger, 1917 bearer of the Knight's Cross 1st class of the Frederick Order.

MPs

From 1815 to 1918, the upper offices of Württemberg also served as electoral districts for the assemblies of estates from 1815 to 1819, the Chamber of Deputies of the Württemberg estates and the three state assemblies that revised or advised the constitution from 1849 to 1850.

The Oberamt Weinsberg represented the following members:

Individual evidence

  1. ^ A b Register of municipalities in Germany 1900, Kingdom of Württemberg, Neckarkreis
  2. ^ Wüstenrot - history of a community . ISBN 3-00-005408-1 , p. 99 ff.
  3. ^ Frank Raberg : Biographical handbook of the Württemberg state parliament members 1815-1933 . On behalf of the Commission for Historical Regional Studies in Baden-Württemberg. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2001, ISBN 3-17-016604-2 , p. 1147 .

literature

  • Description of the Oberamt Weinsberg . Verlag Karl Aue, Stuttgart 1861 ( full text on Wikisource ). New edition: Horst Bissinger, Magstadt 1980, ISBN 3-7644-0042-0
    Comprehensive description from the middle of the 19th century. Written in essential parts by the former Protestant dean Weinsbergs F (erdinand) L (udwig) I (mmanuel) Dillenius.
  • Wolfram Angerbauer: From the Oberamt to the Heilbronn district: the long road to district reform in 1938 using the example of the Württemberg lowlands . Landkreis Heilbronn, Heilbronn 1988 (series of publications of the Landkreis Heilbronn; 2)
    Also deals comprehensively with the dissolution of the Oberamt Weinsberg.
  • Wolfram Angerbauer : The administrative boards of the Oberamt Weinsberg from 1806 until its abolition in 1926 . In: Yearbook for Swabian-Franconian History . Volume 33. Heilbronn Historical Association, Heilbronn 1994.

Web links