Disease concept

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As concepts of disease by thought systematically formulated and established theories of the symptoms (cf.. Illness ), their causation ( etiology ) and its regularity called. The term is not clearly delimited from the terms concept of disease and disease model . Some authors use the term (subjective) concept of illness in order to represent the patient's point of view .

In modern medicine there are concepts of illness that are mainly based on somatic factors, alongside those that emphasize psychological or social factors. Other concepts try to integrate these orientations (for example in psychosomatic or bio-psychosocial disease models). The ethno medicine and medical anthropology deals with disease concepts in other cultures .

history

The oldest concept is probably iatromagy (or iatra demonology ), a magical-mystical understanding of illness and health. In shamanism , for example, therapy is carried out within this concept, for example by attempting to drive the disease-causing demon out of the patient's body through incantation.

In contrast to this, iatrotheology is a so-called theurgical medical model. This includes the idea that illness arises as a punishment from the gods. Illness as a punishment from the gods comes e.g. E.g. in the Old Testament of the Bible , when God inflicts sickness on the enemies of his people.

In addition to the concepts of illness as a punishment for sins or the consequence of sinful behavior, which can be found in all cultures and up to the most recent times, there was also (in the Bible and among church fathers such as Ambrose and Thomas Aquinas ) the idea of ​​illness as a test of God. In 1818, Johann Christian August Heinroth saw “insanity” as an “outflow of personal guilt”, namely sin.

In European medical history, the concept of humoral pathology was particularly powerful. It originated in antiquity and lasted until the 19th century, when it was replaced by cellular pathology ( Rudolf Virchow ) and medical microbiology ( Robert Koch ).

literature

  • Simone Kreher, Silke Brockmann, Martin Sielk, Stefan Wilm and Anja Wollny: Family doctor disease concepts . Verlag Huber, Bern 2009, ISBN 978-3-456-84668-2 .
  • Hans-Peter Kröner: Concepts of Medicine. In: Script for part of the “Medical History” of the GTE lecture, pp. 2–18 online, PDF 906 kB
  • Heinrich Schipperges: Illness and being sick in the mirror of history. Springer 1999, ISBN 3-540-65785-1 . ( Excerpts in books.google )
  • Thomas Schramme: Disease Theories. Suhrkamp, ​​Berlin 2012, ISBN 978-3-518-29611-0 .

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Karl Eduard Rothschuh in: Concepts of medicine in the past and present . Stuttgart 1978, cit. after Eduard Seidler : Dictionary of basic medical terms. Freiburg 1979, p. 173.
  2. ^ Josef Bäuml: Psychoeducation in schizophrenic diseases. Schattauer Verlag, 2008, ISBN 978-3-7945-2481-5 , p. 277. ( limited preview in Google book search)
  3. ↑ Wolf von Siebenthal: Illness as a consequence of sin. A medical historical investigation. (= Medicine and Spiritual World. A series of medical historical publications. Ed. By Johannes Steudel. Volume 2) Schmorl & von Seefeld, Hanover 1950. At the same time medical dissertation Bonn.
  4. ^ Wolf von Siebenthal (1950).
  5. ^ Robert Jütte : History of Alternative Medicine. From folk medicine to today's unconventional therapies. Beck, Munich 1996, ISBN 3-406-40495-2 , p. 68.
  6. ↑ Wolf von Siebenthal: Illness as a consequence of sin. (Medical dissertation Bonn 1949). Hanover 1950 (= Medicine and Spiritual World. Volume 2).
  7. ↑ Bernhard D. Haage: Illness as a punishment for sin. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 803.
  8. ↑ Johann Christian August Heinroth: Textbook of disturbances of the mental life or the disturbances of the soul and their treatment. Designed from the rational point of view, parts 1-2. Leipzig 1818.
  9. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Brief outline of psychiatry. In: Anton Müller. First insane doctor at the Juliusspital in Würzburg: life and work. A short outline of the history of psychiatry up to Anton Müller. Medical dissertation Würzburg 1991, pp. 9–80 ( Brief outline of the history of psychiatry ) and 81–96 ( History of psychiatry in Würzburg to Anton Müller ), 56–58.