Johann Christian August Heinroth

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Johann Christian August Heinroth, lithograph by Carl Lutherer

Johann Christian August Heinroth (born January 17, 1773 in Leipzig ; † October 26, 1843 there ) was a German doctor , psychiatrist and educator . In 1811 he was appointed to the world's first chair for "Psychological Therapy" ( psychiatry ).

life and work

Heinroth was the son of a surgeon and studied medicine and philosophy in Leipzig from 1791 to 1797, among others with Ernst Platner . For a short time he also studied theology in Erlangen . After various activities in Leipzig as a general practitioner (from 1797 to 1800) and secondary physician at the Jacob Hospital and as a doctor in military hospitals, he received his doctorate in 1805 . On October 21, 1811, on the instructions of the Saxon king, he received the extraordinary professorship for the newly established chair for "Psychological Therapy" at the University of Leipzig , which existed until 1848 (continued as a partial chair by Justus Radius ). Heinroths ideas also influenced the creation of the "healing and catering Asylum for the Insane of both sexes" in Castle Sunstone in 1811th

From Easter 1814 to Christmas 1833 he worked as a general practitioner at the Breeding, Orphan and Supply House St. Georg in Leipzig.

In 1827 Heinroth became a full professor of mental medicine.

He published the results of his research in 1818 in the 2-volume textbook on disorders of the mental life or disorders of the soul and their treatment, which is considered the founding document of psychiatry as a scientific discipline. In it he took a holistic view. He introduced the concept of “person” into the theory of diseases and generally saw mental disorders as diseases of the entire person. Consequently, he saw the basis of a person's mental illness in the respective attitude and lifestyle. They need to be fundamentally changed in order for recovery to be achieved and health to be maintained. In 1818 he wrote "In the case of disturbances of the soul the soul is directly ill, and this disease has its source in sin" and thus represented views of romantic medicine . In order to avoid illness in the first place, it is of primary importance to set the right course for later life in childhood. Heinroth therefore wrote "for parents, educators and psychiatric doctors" a warning from the basic errors of education. This point of view is to be regarded as typical of the direction of the psychic's point of view. Heinroth is one of their main representatives and used the word " psychosomatics " for the first time in 1818 . Heinroth, who discusses Goethe's way of thinking in his anthropology textbook , was, like Hufeland and Carus, one of Goethe's “doctor friends” .

Fonts (selection)

  • Textbook of disorders of the mental life or disorders and their treatment. Designed from a rational point of view. 2 parts, Vogel, Leipzig 1818.
  • Textbook of anthropology. Leipzig 1822.
  • Spiritual Health Textbook . 1823.
  • About the truth . 1824.
  • Instructions for prospective psychiatrists on the correct treatment of their patients , Vogel, Leipzig 1825.
  • System of psycho-forensic medicine. Leipzig 1825.
  • Anti-Organon or the erroneous of Hahnemann's doctrine in the Organon der Heilkunst. Leipzig, CHF Hartmann, 1825. Full text on Google Book Search .
  • Psychology as a doctrine of self-knowledge. Friedr. Wilh. Chr. Vogel, Leipzig 1827.
  • About the basic mistakes of upbringing and their consequences. For parents, educators, and mental health practitioners. Leipzig: FCW Vogel 1828.
  • History and criticism of mysticism of all known races and times. Leipzig 1830.
  • Basics of criminal psychology. Berlin 1833.
  • The lie. A contribution to the science of psychic diseases, for doctors, clergymen, educators, etc. 1834.
  • About education and self-education. Leipzig: Cnobloch 1837.
  • Orthobiotics, or the teaching of real life. Leipzig 1839.

  • 1818

  • 1825

  • 1828

literature

  • Melchior Josef Bandorf :  Johann Christian August Heinroth . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 11, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, p. 648 f.
  • Magdalena Frühinsfeld: A short outline of psychiatry. In: Anton Müller. First insane doctor at the Juliusspital in Würzburg: life and work. A short outline of the history of psychiatry up to Anton Müller. Medical dissertation Würzburg 1991, pp. 9–80 ( Brief outline of the history of psychiatry ) and 81–96 ( History of psychiatry in Würzburg to Anton Müller ), pp. 55–61.
  • Monika Lidl: Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843) and his therapeutic concept. Medical dissertation, University of Würzburg 1981.
  • Heinrich Schipperges:  Heinroth, Johann Christian August. In: New German Biography (NDB). Volume 8, Duncker & Humblot, Berlin 1969, ISBN 3-428-00189-3 , p. 435 f. ( Digitized version ).
  • Michael Schmidt-Degenhard: On JCA Heinroth's concept of melancholy. In: Gerhardt Nissen, Gundolf Keil (ed.): Psychiatry on the way to science. Stuttgart 1985, pp. 12-18.
  • Sebastian Schmideler , Holger Steinberg: The psychiatrist Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773–1843) as a general practitioner at the breeding, orphanage and supply house St. Georg in Leipzig. Würzburg medical history reports 2004; 23: 346-375.
  • Sebastian Schmideler, Holger Steinberg: A music-historical surprise: The song cycle 'Die Jahreszeiten' was composed by the psychiatrist Johann Christian August Heinroth. Series of publications of the German Society for the History of Neurology 2006; 12: 557-590.
  • Holger Steinberg : Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843) - The first professor for psychiatry and its disease concept. In: Matthias C. Angermeyer, Holger Steinberg. Edited 200 years of psychiatry at the University of Leipzig. People and Concepts. Heidelberg: Springer Medizin Verlag, 2005: 1-80, ISBN 3-540-25075-1 .
  • Holger Steinberg: The establishment of the first psychiatric chair: Johann Christian August Heinroth in Leipzig. The Neurologist 2004; 75: 303-307.

Web links

Commons : Johann Christian August Heinroth  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Johann Christian August Heinroth  - Sources and full texts
Wikiversity: Johann Christian August Heinroth and the Georgen Hospital in Leipzig.  - course materials

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Brief outline of psychiatry. 1991, p. 56.
  2. ^ Ortrun Riha : Heinroth, Johann Christian August. In: Werner E. Gerabek , Bernhard D. Haage, Gundolf Keil , Wolfgang Wegner (eds.): Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte. De Gruyter, Berlin / New York 2005, ISBN 3-11-015714-4 , p. 564 f .; here: p. 564.
  3. ^ WU Eckart, C. Gradmann (Ed.): Doctors Lexicon From antiquity to the present . 3. Edition. Springer, Heidelberg 2006, ISBN 3-540-29584-4 .
  4. ^ Holger Steinberg: Psychiatry at the University of Leipzig: A two hundred year tradition. In: Würzburger medical history reports 23, 2004, pp. 270-312, here: pp. 270 and 276.
  5. ↑ Otto Bach: The "Sanatorium and Nursing Home Sonnenstein" . In: Ärzteblatt Sachsen . No. 6 , 2010, p. 288–290 ( online as PDF ).
  6. ↑ Sebastian Schmideler, Holger Steinberg: The psychiatrist Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843) as a general practitioner at the breeding, orphanage and supply house St. Georg in Leipzig. In: Würzburger medical history reports 23, 2004, pp. 346–375.
  7. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Brief outline of psychiatry. 1991, p. 56.
  8. ↑ Johann Christian August Heinroth: Textbook of disturbances of the mental life or the disturbances of the soul and their treatment . Vogel, Leipzig 1818, p. 24.
  9. ↑ Magdalena Frühinsfeld: Brief outline of psychiatry. 1991, p. 56 f. and 60 f.
  10. ↑ Ackerknecht, Erwin H .: Brief history of psychiatry. Enke, Stuttgart 3 1985, ISBN 3-432-80043-6 , p. 59 ff.
  11. ↑ Frank Nager: The healing poet. Goethe and medicine. Artemis, Zurich / Munich 1990; 4th edition ibid 1992, ISBN 3-7608-1043-8 , pp. 176-177.
personal data
SURNAME Heinroth, Johann Christian August
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German psychiatrist
DATE OF BIRTH January 17, 1773
PLACE OF BIRTH Leipzig
DATE OF DEATH October 26, 1843
Place of death Leipzig