Jacobshospital (Leipzig)

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The Jacob Hospital was a hospital in Leipzig , from about the Hospital of St. Jacob the University of Leipzig emerged.

history

The Jacob Hospital

The location of the Jacob Hospital on a map from 1823
The Jacobshospital 1871 from the Rosental

As early as the 14th century there was a pestilence house ( military hospital ) near the Peterstor to isolate those affected by the disease . At the beginning of the 1550s, a new building was erected in front of the Grimma Gate , i.e. outside the city ​​walls , for this purpose . But already about ten years later, in 1566, another new building was built under the direction of Paul Widemann , this time northwest of the city between the Elstermühlgraben and the Rosental (see map). The city council had acquired the forest of the Rosental in 1633 from the Saxon Elector Johann Georg II . Here between the forest and the water should be the best conditions for the sick. ( → map )

But since the 1630s the facility has been used in times of plague-free times to accommodate people in need and people with different clinical pictures. Poor, old, pilgrims , abdicated soldiers, poor widows and orphans were among the inmates. Suddenly ill people without a permanent residence in Leipzig, such as beggars, wandering craft journeymen or casual workers hoping for a seasonal job, were dependent on accommodation. The diseases concerned u. a. Scabies , syphilis , broken limbs and strokes . A mastectomy for cancer has even been reported. The treatment methods were not always risk-free in today's sense, for example when using mercury .

In 1787 the name “Jacob Hospital” was used for the first time in an electoral decree, apparently based on the nearby Jacob Church, which was demolished in 1544, and probably also because the establishment had increasingly taken on the tasks of a hospital in the original sense . After a fire in 1799, the building was rebuilt on the old square.

In 1779, the university professor Gottlieb Eckhold began the practical training of medical students at the bedside in the city's Jacobshospital, which was the first contact between the institution and the University of Leipzig .

In the 19th century, the facility was significantly expanded with a series of new buildings. The first polyclinic was opened in 1812 and a children's polyclinic in 1817. Between 1850 and 1865, a surgical facility (the "New House") on the north side, the so-called "women and men house" with a children's ward on the east side, the "church house" with an institution church, the "air booth" for summer operation and a Administration building opened.

Nevertheless, plans arose in the 1860s to relocate clinical student training to the newly emerging university district, which ultimately led to the construction of an entire hospital and the relocation of the Jacob Hospital by 1871. The structural facilities on the Rosental were partly taken over by the Georgenhaus .

St. Jakob Hospital

The hospital grounds in the opening year 1871
The main building of the hospital
The inside of a sick barrack
In the hospital garden in 1911
The Red House from the park side

It was above all the university professors Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich and Carl Thiersch who tried to create a replacement for the dilapidated "Institute for clinical teaching in the Jacobshospital". The orphanage on Waisenhausstraße (from 1879 Liebigstraße), built in 1864 and which had meanwhile been used as a military hospital, served this purpose from 1866 . Now it became the starting point and main building for an extensive hospital area. ( → map )

Between 1868 and 1871, 13 barracks were built behind the main building to accommodate patients and for special uses. These barracks were intended on the one hand for the so-called surgical clinic (i.e. all patients who could be operated on) and on the other hand for the so-called medical clinic (all non-operative areas). With the exception of the four barracks, which were intended for patients with infectious diseases, all of the barracks were connected to each other and to the main building by covered corridors so that the patients from the surgical clinic in particular could easily be transported to the operating room pavilion. The opposite sides of the barracks faced a central park through a glazed veranda. This construction, which relied on the healing effects of air and sun, was, following the American model, used here for the first time in Europe. This arrangement of the patient accommodation, which, albeit with the use of solid buildings, became widespread in Germany at the turn of the century, was then called the pavilion style .

24 patients were accommodated in a barrack, which was a step forward compared to the old hospital, where there were up to 80 beds in one room. Each barrack also had a room for the guards, a shared toilet and a washroom.

Behind the main building of St. Jakob - in front of other barracks of the surgical clinic of the hospital - was the operating room pavilion. The official inauguration of the "St. Jakob Municipal Hospital" took place in 1871. One of the first extensions to this crane building complex was the so-called “Clinical Auditorium”, a hexagonal building designed as an auditorium and demonstration operating room, which Carl Thiersch and Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich implemented for their courses. This also included rooms for special investigations as well as various laboratories and a scientific library. The “Clinical Auditorium” formed the basis for the medical clinic that emerged in the 1890s through symmetrical extensions to the right and left of this central building .

At the opening of St. Jakob in 1871, the pathology department was together with the forensic medicine institute and the chemical center. In the 1880s and 1890s, on the one hand, the "Rote Haus" ( Red House) by Hugo Licht on Windmühlenweg (now Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 27), which was initially planned as an infirmary and opened in 1888, was built in the vicinity of St. Jakob , which considerably increased the capacity of the medical clinic and the overcrowding of the hospital that occurred in the 1880s helped, as well as the surgical-clinical institute in Liebigstrasse in 1900, part of whose magnificent facade was incorporated into the complex of the New University Clinic in Leipzig that was built after 2000 and can still be seen today. From 1925 to 1928 the new building - still existing today - was built for the departments for hematology and cardiology of the medical clinic with an outpatient clinic and lecture hall in Johannisallee.

Other extensions were the special clinics for individual departments, such as the ophthalmology clinic, the ENT clinic, the gynecological clinic (initially in Stephanstrasse, later the large new building opposite the German library ) or the university cirrhosis clinic opened in 1882 under Paul Flechsig . The "Medical Quarter" developed.

The opening years of selected institutes and clinics are:

  • 1869 Physiological Institute
  • 1871 old pathological institute
  • 1875 Anatomical Institute
  • 1879 Medical Clinic Liebigstrasse
  • 1882 Psychiatric and mental hospital
  • 1883 University Eye Clinic
  • 1888 Medical and Surgical Polyclinics
  • 1888 Pharmacological Institute
  • 1892 University Women's Clinic Stephanstraße
  • 1900 surgical clinic
  • 1906 new pathological institute and institute for forensic medicine
  • 1908 Use of the former “Lindenhof” inn as an orthopedic outpatient clinic
  • 1910 Dental Institute
  • 1912 University Clinic for Ear, Nose and Throat Diseases
  • 1927 Orthopedic Clinic (on Windmühlenweg, opposite the German library)
  • 1928 (Third) Medical Clinic at the Locust Avenue, the vocation Max citizen built
  • 1928 (New) Triersches Institute as a university gynecological clinic, next to the orthopedic clinic, opposite the German library

The St. Jakob Hospital suffered severe damage during the Second World War . The main building was completely destroyed. The surgical department and the internal medicine department were so badly hit by bomb damage in 1943 that they had to be evacuated to the Dosen sanatorium . After the first post-war construction work, the St. Jakob Hospital was attached to the University of Leipzig in 1953.

literature

  • L. Fürst: A model hospital . In: The Gazebo . 1871, p. 344–347 ( full text [ Wikisource ]).
  • Cornelia Becker and Wulfdieter Schöpp: From Jakobshospital to University Clinic. Building history and planning at the traditional location in Leipzig , Leipzig 1999
  • Gunnar Stollberg and Ingo Tamm: The internal differentiation in the hospital at St. Jacob in Leipzig (1799-1914) , in: dies., The internal differentiation in German hospitals up to the First World War , Stuttgart 2001, pp. 212–326
  • Christian Scheffler: The Leipzig General Hospital at St. Jacob in the 19th century. An analysis from a business perspective , Aachen 2004
  • Horst Riedel: Stadtlexikon Leipzig from A to Z , Leipzig 2005, pp. 269f., ISBN 3-936508-03-8
  • Ingrid Hildebrandt: From Eva and the devil's ghost - Elke Schlenkrich on the worlds of life in Leipzig hospitals , LVZ supplement Stadtleben from August 26, 2011

Web links

Commons : Jacobshospital (Leipzig)  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ Waisenhausstraße in the Leipzig Lexicon
  2. ^ Lutz Heydick: Leipzig. Historical guide to town and country. Urania, Leipzig 1990, ISBN 3-332-00337-2 , p. 85 f.
  3. Brief building history of the University of Leipzig
  4. ^ S. Kiene & CF Schwokowski: 175 years chair for surgery at the University of Leipzig . Knowledge Journal of the Karl Marx University Leipzig, Math-Natwiss. Series, 1988, Vol. 37, pp. 109-124.
  5. ^ P. Matzen: On the development of orthopedics at the University of Leipzig . In: Sächsisches Ärzteblatt 2005, pp. 460–462.