Affaltrach

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Affaltrach
municipality Obersulm
Affaltrach coat of arms
Coordinates: 49 ° 8 ′ 11 "  N , 9 ° 22 ′ 58"  E
Height : approx. 190–235 m above sea level NN
Incorporation : May 1, 1972
Postal code : 74182
Area code : 07130
View of Affaltrach
View of Affaltrach

Affaltrach is a district of the municipality Obersulm in the district of Heilbronn in northern Baden-Württemberg .

history

The place was first mentioned in 1254. Affaltrach belonged to the Counts of Löwenstein and the Lords of Weinsberg in the 13th century . The Löwenstein part was owned by the Catholic Order of St. John from 1278 to 1805 (now correctly called the Order of Malta and since the Reformation not to be confused with the Order of St. John , which has become evangelical and has remained until today ), who moved his coming from Schwäbisch Hall to Affaltrach around 1600. The first town and court order for Affaltrach with rules for the duties and salaries of the mayor , the judges and clerks as well as the duties of the craftsmen and saints carers dates from 1586. Around 1600 around 600 inhabitants were counted. In the 17th century the Thirty Years' War and the plague brought great misery to the place, so that the population fell to 128 people by 1648.

On May 1, 1972, the new municipality of Obersulm was created through the merger of the municipalities of Affaltrach, Eichelberg, Eschenau, Weiler bei Weinsberg and Willsbach. On January 1, 1975, Sülzbach was incorporated. Through development along the connecting roads to the neighboring towns of Willsbach and Eschenau, Affaltrach has grown together structurally with these Obersulm districts.

Religions

Due to the history of ownership of the place with shares owned by Catholic and Protestant rulers, there has been a Catholic and a Protestant parish in Affaltrach for centuries. The old Johanneskirche was used as a simultaneous church from 1706 until the construction of the Catholic Church in 1898/99. Today's Protestant parish Affaltrach belongs to the Weinsberg-Neuenstadt church district of the Evangelical Church in Württemberg .

A Jewish community has been recorded in Affaltrach since the 17th century. The Jewish community of Affaltrach also included the numerically smaller Eschenau Jews who built their own synagogue in 1797. The Affaltrach Jewish cemetery was also the burial place for other surrounding communities. In 1851 the Affaltrach synagogue was built in its current form. Of the few Jews who still lived in Affaltrach or Eschenau after 1933, six people died after 1940 in the course of euthanasia or the deportation of German Jews . In 1941/42, more than 100 older Jews from other places were quartered in the Eschenau Castle, a forced retirement home . Eleven of them died and were buried in the Jewish cemetery in Affaltrach. The others were deported to Theresienstadt in 1942 and died there or in the extermination camps in the East.

coat of arms

The blazon of the Affaltrach coat of arms was until 1967: a silver apple tree with roots in blue, a silver Johanniterkreuz in the upper right corner , from 1967 a silver Johanniterkreuz in blue . The municipality's flag was white and blue.

The coat of arms was proposed by the Württemberg archives in 1914, but was not accepted by the municipality until 1928. The apple tree should symbolize the place name Affaltrach ( mhd. Affalter means apple tree ) as a talking coat of arms figure , the Johanniterkreuz reminds of the local rule of the Order of St. John . On June 19, 1967, the Mayor of Affaltrach wrote to the archives office that this coat of arms had not yet become at home in Affaltrach, and that various sides of the population expressed the wish to remove the apple tree and use only the silver St. John's Cross on a blue background as the coat of arms. This coat of arms was then awarded to the community on November 10, 1967 by the Baden-Württemberg Ministry of the Interior.

  • Affaltrach coat of arms until 1967

  • Affaltrach coat of arms from 1967

Culture and sights

Museums

The museum for the history of the Jews in the district and city of Heilbronn is located in the Affaltrach synagogue, which was built in 1851 .

Buildings

Affaltrach Castle
  • Affaltrach Castle is the commentary building of the former Johanniter Kommende from 1694. The Affaltrach Castle Cellar , founded in 1928, is located in the castle grounds.
  • The Protestant St. John's Church goes back to a late Gothic building, which received its present form through a neo-baroque redesign in 1903. From 1706 until the construction of the Catholic Church in 1898/99, the church building served as a simultaneous church . An equal and considerate relationship between the denominations did not develop until 1806 when the clerical rulers, including the orders, lost their sovereign rights. Affaltrach came to Württemberg as a whole. Since 1889, the Catholic community planned to build its own church. After the completion of the Catholic Church of St. Johann Baptist in 1899, the Protestant parish became the sole owner of the old parish church of St. Johann, which they then expanded and renovated with a transept with architect Theophil Frey until 1902. In 1991/92 the church was renovated outside and in 1996/97 inside. The choir window with the motif Jesus blesses the children was designed by the Stuttgart artist Theodor Bauerle , and it was executed and installed in 1902 by the Stuttgart glass painting workshop Waldhausen & Ellenbeck . In 1997 the painting Christ as World Ruler from 1812 was donated by the Viennese artist Heinrich Friedrich Füger from Heilbronn .
  • The historic half-timbered Protestant parsonage is located near the church.
  • The old Catholic parsonage is also located near the Protestant Johanneskirche and is a half-timbered house that was renovated in 1832. It goes back to an old Johanniter hostel and came into the possession of the Protestant community in 1983, which integrated it into their community center.
  • The Catholic parish church of St. Johann Baptist was built in 1898/99 according to plans by Richard Raisch . The originally richly decorated church received its simple interior in the course of a renovation in 1957. The stations of the cross, the baptismal font and the organ gallery with organ date from the time the building was erected. Four figures of saints made of linden wood and a Madonna figure from the late 15th century come from the older Johanneskirche.
  • The Affaltrach synagogue was built in 1851 and today serves as a museum on the history of the Jews in the district and city of Heilbronn.
  • The Catholic schoolhouse , which was opened in 1913 and is also known as the village castle , is one of the other distinctive buildings in the village .

  • Evangelical St. John's Church

  • Evangelical rectory

  • Catholic Church

  • Former synagogue in Affaltrach

graveyards

  • The original cemetery of the place was at the Johanneskirche, which was replaced from 1819 by today's Affaltrach cemetery .
  • The Jewish cemetery in Affaltrach was laid out in the 17th century, and the inscriptions on over 500 gravestones were translated into a complete documentation in 1998.

Personalities

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ See at LEO-BW
  2. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 451 .
  3. ^ Federal Statistical Office (ed.): Historical municipality directory for the Federal Republic of Germany. Name, border and key number changes in municipalities, counties and administrative districts from May 27, 1970 to December 31, 1982 . W. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart / Mainz 1983, ISBN 3-17-003263-1 , p. 465 .
  4. ^ Website of the Evangelical Church Community Affaltrach
  5. ^ Website of the Evangelical Church District Weinsberg-Neuenstadt
  6. ↑ To the former synagogue building in Eschenau at www.alemannia-judaica.de
  7. ↑ Sources for the section coat of arms and flag Affaltrach:
    Eberhard Gönner: Wappenbuch des Stadt- und Landkreis Heilbronn with a territorial history of this area . Archive Directorate Stuttgart, Stuttgart 1965 (Publications of the State Archive Administration Baden-Württemberg, 9). Page 54
    Bettina Christ: The municipal coat of arms of Obersulm . In: Obersulm. Six villages - one municipality . Page 432–436
  8. ↑ Otto Friedrich: Evangelical churches in the deanery Weinsberg - picture reading book ; ed. Ev. Dean's Office Weinsberg, 2003, page 4 f
  9. ↑ Photos from 2001: German Documentation Center for Art History - Photo Archive Photo Marburg see [1]

literature

  • Obersulm. Six villages - one municipality . Obersulm municipality, Obersulm 1997.

Web links

Commons : Affaltrach  - Collection of images, videos and audio files
Wikisource: Affaltrach in the description of the Oberamt Weinsberg from 1861