Michael Baumgarten

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Michael Baumgarten (1860)

Michael Baumgarten (born March 25, 1812 in Haseldorf , Duchy of Holstein , † July 21, 1889 in Rostock ) was a Protestant theologian.

Life

Michael Baumgarten came from an old Haseldorfer farming family. His parents were the farm owner and dike count Hinrich Baumgarten (1774-1853) and his wife Anna Catharina (1790-1832), daughter of Johann Hauschild. Baumgarten attended school in Altona and from 1832 studied Protestant theology at the Christian Albrechts University in Kiel and the Friedrich Wilhelms University in Berlin . In 1839 he completed his habilitation in Kiel. Initially strongly influenced by Pietism , he approached the conservative theology of Johann Christian Konrad von Hofmann . In 1846 he became pastor at the parish church of St. Michaelis in Schleswig , where in 1848 he supported the German national movement on the Schleswig-Holstein question against integration into the Danish state and also justified the uprising theologically. After the failure of the Schleswig-Holstein uprising , he had to flee Schleswig in 1850 and became a full professor of theology in Rostock that same year.

Baumgarten was a strict believer in the Bible and averse to all hierarchical behavior in the church. He was convinced that a system like that of canon law was contrary to the nature of a church that trusted in God's Spirit. Soon after his appointment to Rostock he got into conflict with the upper church council of the Evangelical Lutheran Church of Mecklenburg , whose formative personality was Theodor Kliefoth . At a parish conference in Parchim, when he protested against the introduction of ceremonial and legal principles into Sunday celebrations and unsuspectingly asked an examination question whether a revolution could be justified from the Scriptures, he was dismissed from the theological examination committee on November 5, 1856. On January 6, 1858, he was relieved of his professorship due to Otto Carsten Krabbe's consistorial opinion, disregarding the procedure prescribed for such cases . Among other things, he was accused of fighting the church doctrine laid down in the formula of the Concord and thereby breaking an oath.

Due to the then published writings he left a church crisis in Mecklenburg (Braunschweig 1858), The Church of emergency in Mecklenburg (Leipzig 1861), To the friends from prison (Berlin 1862), etc. He was due to press offenses twice sentenced to imprisonment and fine .

Living in Rostock, Baumgarten worked tirelessly through writings and public lectures for a reorganization of the German Protestant Church and was the main representative of the Bible-believing direction in the German Protestant Association until 1877 . Baumgarten denounced the hostility of the Prussian court preacher Adolf Stoecker . He was also not afraid to call Martin Luther's attacks against the Jews a "serious sin", "which we, who call ourselves by his name or profess his teaching, have to make amends."

Baumgarten sat in the Reichstag (German Empire) from 1874 to 1881 . As a member of the Progress Party , he advocated civil status laws . In the course of his first legislative term he resigned from the faction of the Progressive Party, was at times non-attached and joined the faction in 1877 and 1878 only as an intern. Towards the end of his parliamentary term, he joined the National Liberal Party .

Fonts

  • Theological commentary on the Old Testament . Volume 1: Theological Commentary on the Pentateuch Kiel 1843–1844
    • Part 1: From the beginning to the law
    • Part 2: Legislation
  • Acts of the Apostles , or the development of the Church from Jerusalem to Rome. 2 volumes. 2nd edition, Braunschweig 1859
  • The night visions of Zechariah : a prophet's voice to the present. New edition, Braunschweig 1858
  • The story of Jesus . Brunswick 1859
  • Schleiermacher as a theologian for the contemporary community. Berlin 1862
  • Twelve lectures on church history to illuminate the church's present. Bremen 1869
  • The Protestant Association, a banner in the German Empire. Berlin 1871
  • Church time issues in lectures. Rostock 1873
  • A crisis within the German Protestant Association. Rostock 1876
  • Lutherus redivivus, or the church reaction. Frankfurt 1878
  • Doctor Martin Luther . Volksbuch. Rostock 1883
  • Professor Dr. theol. Michael Baumgarten. A biographical contribution to the church question drawn from 45 years of experience. Edited from a handwritten estate by Hans Hinrich Studt. 2 volumes. Homann, Kiel 1891
Digitized from Volume 1 , Rostock University Library
Digitized from Volume 2 , Rostock University Library

literature

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ a b c d e Gerhard Fohl: Baumgarten, Michael (1812–1889) . In: TRE, Vol. 5, pp. 351-352.
  2. ↑ Michael Baumgarten: The question of conscience of the Schleswig officials . Bruhn, Schleswig 1849.
  3. ↑ Quoted from: Thomas Kaufmann : Luther among the anti-Semites . In: Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung of December 29, 2014, p. 8.
  4. ↑ Entry Professor Dr. theol. Michael Baumgarten ( Memento of the original dated November 2, 2015 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. in: The members of the North German Reichstag, the Customs Parliament and the German Reichstag 1867–1918 . @1@ 2Template: Webachiv / IABot / zhsf.gesis.org
  5. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives . 2nd edition, Verlag Carl Heymann, Berlin 1904, p. 270.
personal data
SURNAME Baumgarten, Michael
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German theologian and politician, MdR
DATE OF BIRTH March 25, 1812
PLACE OF BIRTH Haseldorf
DATE OF DEATH July 21, 1889
Place of death Rostock