Zechariah

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Book of the Twelve Prophets of the Tanakh Old Testament
Minor Prophets
Names after the ÖVBE

Zechariah or Zechariah ( Hebrew זְכַרְיָה בֶּן-בֶּרֶכְיָה בֶּן-עִדּוֹ הַנָּבִיא Secharja ben-Rechnja ben-ʿiddo hanNawi ) is the name of a biblical prophet and his book in the Hebrew Tanach . It originated after the Babylonian exile (from around 520 BC) and belongs to the Book of the Twelve Prophets .

Structure and content

The book of Zechariah has been divided into 14 chapters since the Middle Ages. Modern interpreters see two parts in it, which are called Protosachariah and Deuterosachariah.

I. Protoshariah

  • Introduction: Calling the Prophet ( Word Event Formula ) and Calling to Repentance (1 : 1-6 )
  • Vision cycle (1.7–6.15)
    • Riders and horses (1.7–17)
      • Horns and smiths (2.1–4)
        • The man with the measuring line (2.5–17)
          • The true high priest (3: 1–10)
          • Candlesticks and olive trees, the two sons of oil (4,1-14)
        • The flying scroll (5: 1-4)
      • The woman in measure of measure (5.5–11)
    • The four wagons (6.1-15)
  • God's speech (7.1–8.23)
    • Punishment of neighboring peoples (9.1–8)
    • Redemption of Israel (9: 9-17)
    • Gathering of Israel from Exile (10.1-12)
    • The Punishment of the Faithful Shepherds of the People (11: 1-17)
    • Jerusalem's distress and salvation (12.1-13.9)
    • The Lord's Day (14.1-21)
War in Jerusalem and subsequent final judgment
About fasting and temple building
The future salvation of Jerusalem

Emergence

Prophet Zacharias in the Wiener Neustadt Cathedral

When chapters 9-14 were written, there are different classifications:

  • traditional: Zechariah, 6th century BC Chr.
  • one author for 9-14, dating after 500 BC Chr.
  • Today most researchers make a dichotomy: Sach. 9–11 and 12–14 and the dates go back to the Hellenistic epoch (4th – 3rd century BC)

author

The prophet Zechariah, after whom the book is named, is called Zacharias in the Greek and Latin Bibles . Zechariah worked in Jerusalem shortly after the Babylonian exile and was a contemporary of the prophet Haggai . According to Sach 1,1  EU , he was the son of bekjas and grandson of Iddo. So he came from a priestly family and was probably a priest himself. Zechariah was the head of his family in the time of the high priest Jehoiakin.

The first part of the book of prophets (Zechariah 1–8) is generally traced back to a prophet of the same name. Zechariah had the first vision in the 8th month of the second year of King Darius I , i.e. in October / November 520 BC. BC - two months after the appearance of the Prophet Haggai (Haggai 1,1), at the time of the Jerusalem Restoration .

Theological focus

Zechariah 4, 6 on the Knesset menorah in Jerusalem
Zechariah 4, 6 on the Knesset menorah
in Jerusalem
  • The focus of this book is on the cycle of seven visions in the first part (1.7–6.15). The meaning of these visions remains closed to the prophet, whereupon an angel explains the respective vision to him in conversation ( Angelus interpres ). Zech 4,6  ESV : Not by might and not by strength, but by my spirit .

reception

  • Zechariah 9.9  EU : But you, daughter of Zion , rejoice very much, and you, daughter of Jerusalem, shout! Behold, your king comes to you, a righteous man and a helper, poor, and rides a donkey and a young donkey. This messianic prophecy is described in the New Testament in Mk 11.1-11  EU par. taken up and announced as fulfilled with the entry of Jesus into Jerusalem; this is celebrated in Christianity on Palm Sunday .

literature

Lexicon article
Comments
  • Alfons Deissler : Twelve Prophets III. Zefania, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (= New Real Bible). Echter Verlag, Würzburg 1988, ISBN 978-3-42-901138-3 .
  • Henning Graf Reventlow: The prophets Haggai, Zechariah and Malachi (= ATD 25.2). Göttingen 1993.
  • Robert Hanhart: Zechariah 1-8 (= BKAT XIV / 7). Neukirchen-Vluyn 1998.
  • Ina Willi-Plein: Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi (= ZBK 24.4). Theological Publishing House, Zurich 2007, ISBN 978-3-290-14766-2 .
  • Paul L. Redditt: Zechariah 9-14 (= IEKAT). Kohlhammer, Stuttgart 2014, ISBN 978-3-17-023480-2 .
Essays and Studies
  • WAM Beuken: Haggai - Zechariah 1-8. Studies on the transmission history of early post-exilic prophecy. SSN 10, 1967.
  • Magne Sæbø : Zechariah 9-14. Studies on text and form (= WMANT 34). Neukirchener Verlag, Neukirchen-Vluyn 1969.
  • Hartmut Gese : The beginning and end of apocalyptic, depicted in the book of Zechariah. In: Hartmut Gese: From Sinai to Zion. Munich 1974, pp. 202-230.
  • Rüdiger Lux : Prophecy and Second Temple. Studies on Haggai and Zechariah. Mohr Siebeck, Tübingen 2009, ISBN 978-3-16-149830-5 .
  • Thomas Pola : The priesthood of Zechariah. Historical and historical studies on the expectation of rulers after the exile. Tübingen 2003, ISBN 978-3-16-147667-9 .

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Holger Delkurt:  Zechariah. In: Michaela Bauks, Klaus Koenen, Stefan Alkier (eds.): The scientific biblical dictionary on the Internet (WiBiLex), Stuttgart 2006 ff., Accessed on April 6, 2018.
personal data
SURNAME Zechariah
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Zechariah; זְכַרְיָה בֶּן-בֶּרֶכְיָה בֶּן-עִדּוֹ הַנָּבִיא (Hebrew)
BRIEF DESCRIPTION Contemporary of the Prophet Haggai
DATE OF BIRTH 6th century BC Chr.
DATE OF DEATH 6th century BC BC or 5th century BC Chr.