Maximilian von Soden-Fraunhofen

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Maximilian Graf von Soden-Fraunhofen (born August 7, 1844 in Ludwigsburg , † December 22, 1922 in Munich ) was a Bavarian landowner and politician of the German Center Party . He was a member of the Reichstag (1874–1884), a member of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies (1875–1893) and a member of the Bavarian Chamber of Imperial Councils (1895–1918). From 1912 to 1916 he was Minister of the Interior of Bavaria .

Live and act

Soden (since 1869 Soden-Frauenhofen) was the son of the provincial government of Ludwigsburg August von Soden and his wife Helene, who from the Upper Palatinate Counts of Drechsel Deuffstetten born came. He studied law at the universities of Tübingen , Berlin and Munich , where he passed the theoretical state examination in 1868. In Tübingen, Soden was reciprocated in the Corps Suevia Tübingen on July 15, 1864 . He met Crown Prince Ludwig for the first time in Tübingen , with whom he studied in the mid-1860s at the Academy for Forestry and Agriculture in Tharandt and with whom he would remain lifelong friends. After completing his studies, Soden worked briefly as a legal intern in Munich and Vilshofen .

After the death of his great-uncle Carl August von Fraunhofen (1794–1865), Soden took over his inheritance, the Fideikommiss Neufraunhofen in Lower Bavaria , where he moved in 1867. He expanded the estate, which he initially leased in part and had been managing on his own since the 1890s, into an agricultural model estate, which also included two profitable breweries. Soden developed into one of the most influential agricultural politicians of his time, in whose person a large number of important offices in associations and credit organizations were combined: For example, he was President of the Agricultural Association , Vice President of the German Agricultural Council , Chairman of the Supervisory Board of the Bavarian Agricultural Bank and the Central Loan Fund of the Agricultural Cooperatives , first Director of the Regional Association of Loan Offices and Supervisory Board of the Süddeutsche Bodenkreditbank .

Soden-Fraunhofen ran for the first time for the Reichstag in 1871 , but was subject to a liberal competitor in the constituency of Pfarrkirchen. In the Reichstag elections in 1874 he won the constituency of Upper Bavaria 5 ( Wasserburg am Inn ) in which he was re-elected in 1877, 1878 and 1881. Supported by Georg von Franckenstein , the chairman of the central parliamentary group, Soden-Fraunhofen quickly rose to join the leadership of the Reichstag parliamentary group. In the Reichstag he devoted himself to social legislation , in particular agricultural accident insurance, and worked together with Franckenstein to strengthen federalism in the Reich. Soden-Fraunhofen with Franckenstein and Ludwig Windthorst resolutely rejected radical positions that denied the legitimacy of the empire, as represented by Georg Ratzinger , who belonged to the parliamentary group for a short time in 1877/78 . In the septennate dispute of 1886/87, Soden-Fraunhofen, as a former member of parliament, tried unsuccessfully to use his friendly relationship with Franckenstein to campaign for the consent of the center faction to the military bill.

In July 1875, Soden-Fraunhofen was elected to the Chamber of Deputies of the Bavarian State Parliament in the Wasserburg constituency, and in 1881 and 1887 he was able to prevail in the Freising constituency . Within the patriotic parliamentary group (center group since 1887) he can be assigned to the "very moderate wing". After the elections of 1881, he decidedly rejected the opposition strategy advocated by Alois Rittler , which aimed to force the resignation of the royal ministers through collective resignation. But when the Lutz Ministry asked the parliamentary groups to sound out in April 1886 whether the parliament would help in Ludwig II's debt crisis , Soden-Fraunhofen was one of the patriotic MPs consulted who refused to support. In the elections to the Chamber of Deputies in July 1893, which were shaped by the agricultural crisis and the agitation of the Bavarian Farmers' Union , Soden-Frauenhofen lost in his constituency in Freising.

In September 1895 Soden-Fraunhofen was appointed Reichsrat for life and was a member of the Chamber of Reichsrat until the end of 1918. From 1907 to 1912 he was chairman of the Chamber's influential finance committee. As a Reichsrat, he set his political priorities in the areas of social, economic, transport and agricultural policy. In these areas, Soden-Fraunhofen, as a conservative representative of state interventionist, agriculture-friendly and socio-politically open-minded politics, became the great opponent of Adolf von Auer , the most influential representative of economic liberalism in the Chamber.

In February 1912 Soden-Fraunhofen was appointed Bavarian Minister of the Interior. He joined the government of Georg von Hertling , who had replaced Clemens von Podewils-Dürniz as chairman in the Council of Ministers. Hertling's appointment meant that in Bavaria, for the first time since 1869, a representative of the party that represented the majority in the Chamber of Deputies led the government. Hertling himself expressly did not want to see any parliamentarization of the political system in this and appointed a civil servants' cabinet to which, with Interior Minister Soden-Fraunhofen, only another prominent central politician belonged. During the first years of the war, he got into a conflict with the Minister of War, Otto Kress von Kressenstein , who was responsible for press censorship . As Minister of the Interior, Soden-Fraunhofen was responsible for the food situation during the war and since 1915/16 was accused in the liberal and social democratic press of preferring the interests of agriculture one-sidedly. He saw the state authority undermined by this and demanded censorship measures, which Kress refused. In the dispute that arose, Soden-Fraunhofen did not feel supported by his ministerial colleagues, particularly by Hertling himself, which is why he resigned at the beginning of December 1916.

Maximilian von Soden-Fraunhofen had been married to Franziska von Aretin auf Haidenburg since 1869 and was thus the son-in-law of Peter Karl von Aretin . He died in 1922, embittered by the November Revolution of 1918, in his Munich city apartment on Theatinerstrasse of complications from pneumonia.

Honors

For his services, Soden-Fraunhofen was awarded the Commander's Cross of the Order of Merit of the Bavarian Crown by Prince Regent Luitpold of Bavaria in 1905 , and in 1914 by King Ludwig III. with the Grand Cross of the Order of Merit of St. Michael . In 1916 Ludwig III raised him. in the hereditary count class. He was also the bearer of the Grand Cross of the Papal Order of Gregory and an honorary doctorate from the Technical University of Munich . He was a Bavarian State Councilor and carried the title of excellence .

See also

literature

  • W. Zils (Hrsg.): Intellectual and artistic Munich in autobiographies. Kellerer, Munich 1913.
  • Hermann Christern (Ed.): German Biographical Yearbook. Volume 4, 1922, Deutsche Verlagsanstalt Stuttgart, Berlin [among others].
  • Walter Schärl: The composition of the Bavarian civil service from 1806 to 1918. Lassleben, Kallmünz 1955 (= Munich historical studies, Bavarian history department, volume 1)
  • Werner K. Blessing : Soden-Frauenhofen, Maximilian Graf von. In: Karl Bosl (ed.): Bosls Bavarian biography. Pustet, Regensburg 1983, ISBN 3-7917-0792-2 , p. 731 ( digitized version ).
  • Bernhard Löffler : The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. CH Beck, Munich 1996 (short biography of Soden-Fraunhofer pp. 173-180).
  • Walther Killy , Rudolf Vierhaus (ed.): German Biographical Encyclopedia . Volume 9, Saur, Munich [et al.] 1998.

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ^ List of members of the Corps Suevia zu Tübingen 1831–1931, Vol. 2, p. 58
  2. ↑ Kösener Corpslisten 1930, 130 , 191
  3. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 173 f.
  4. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, pp. 174, 176 f.
  5. ^ Fritz Specht, Paul Schwabe: The Reichstag elections from 1867 to 1903. Statistics of the Reichstag elections together with the programs of the parties and a list of the elected representatives. 2nd edition, Verlag Carl Heymann, Berlin 1904, p. 188.
  6. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 175.
  7. ^ Karl Otmar von Aretin : Franckenstein. A political career between Bismarck and Ludwig II. Stuttgart 2003, p. 69 f. and p. 244.
  8. ↑ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Imperial Councils. Basics, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 175
  9. ^ So Friedrich Hartmannsgruber: The Bavarian Patriot Party 1868–1887. Munich 1986, p. 124.
  10. ^ Friedrich Hartmannsgruber: The Bavarian Patriot Party 1868-1887. Munich 1986, p. 357.
  11. ^ Friedrich Hartmannsgruber: The Bavarian Patriot Party 1868-1887. Munich 1986, p. 360.
  12. ^ Karl Möckl: The time of the Prince Regent. Society and politics during the era of Prince Regent Luitpold in Bavaria. Munich 1972, p. 460 f. and p. 464.
  13. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 176.
  14. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 185 and p. 189.
  15. ↑ Dieter Albrecht: From the foundation of the empire to the end of the First World War. In: Alois Schmid (Hrsg.): Handbuch der Bayerischen Geschichte. Volume IV, 1. Munich 2003, pp. 319-438, here: p. 409.
  16. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 177 f.
  17. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 174 f. and p. 180.
  18. ↑ Hof- und Staats-Handbuch des Kingdom of Bavaria for the year 1914. Munich 1914, p. 133.
  19. ^ Bernhard Löffler: The Bavarian Chamber of Reichsräte 1848 to 1918. Fundamentals, composition, politics. Munich 1996, p. 178 and p. 180.
personal data
SURNAME Soden-Fraunhofen, Maximilian von
ALTERNATIVE NAMES Soden-Fraunhofen, Maximilian Count von
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German lawyer and politician (center), Interior Minister Bavaria, MdR
DATE OF BIRTH August 7, 1844
PLACE OF BIRTH Ludwigsburg
DATE OF DEATH December 22, 1922
Place of death Munich