Bavarian State Council
The Bavarian State Council was an advisory body to the kings of Bavaria . Its members were councilors of state. From 1918 State Council was an honorary title for top ministerial officials .
Kingdom of Bavaria
Maximilian I. Joseph formed the Council of State on May 3, 1817. Until the end of the monarchy , he served the Bavarian kings as an advisory body. Judicial competences in administrative disputes lost their importance from 1879. The Bavarian State Council was at the end of the reign of Ludwig III. (1913) involved. He played his last role at the beginning of the November Revolution , when the parliamentarization of the Bavarian system of government was discussed.
According to the royal decree of August 3, 1879, the Council of State consisted of Councilors of State in ordinary service and Councilors of State in extraordinary service . State councilors in the ordinary service were:
- the (adult) Crown Prince
- subsequent princes appointed by the king
- the ministers
- a number of higher officials, military or other personalities at least equal to the number of ministers .
The appointed councilors of state received no salary and could be appointed to extraordinary service. Most recently, the seven ministers of state ( foreign affairs , internal affairs , culture , justice , military , finance , transport matters ) and ten “specially appointed” councilors sat in the ordinary service in the State Council ; these were the seven ministerial directors , an official from the finance ministry ( Franz von Krenner , Paul von Merkel ), a general directorate of the Royal Bavarian State Railways ( Heinrich von Endres ) and an active general ( Paul von Kneussl ).
Free State of Bavaria
After the revolution, the name Council of State was reserved for senior ministry officials. The Eisner cabinet had already introduced the unofficial political councilors, who had been called state secretaries since the Bamberg constitution of 1919 . They were political representatives of the ministers with a seat and vote in the Council of Ministers. The title Council of State was no longer used for ministers of state and councilors in extraordinary service. It was retained in a certain sense in the new designation with "title and rank of a Council of State". This title was given to a number of well-deserved officials ( Josef von Graßmann , Anton Hauptmann ) and some deputies to the Reichsrat .
The Councilors of State in office at the end of the monarchy remained in their normal service, provided they acted as representatives of the ministers, until they resigned. The entire ministry appointed new councilors from now on . As professional civil servants, they were at the top of the pay scale. When the Held II cabinet resigned in the summer of 1930 and held office until the Reichstag election in March 1933 , the State Councilors in the State Ministry of Finance ( Karl von Deybeck , Fritz Schäffer ) were also responsible for managing the ministry; because a new minister could not be appointed. According to the rules of procedure for the ministries of state (1932), the State Council had to represent the minister if he was unable to attend and to supervise all business operations.
During the time of National Socialism , the official title of State Councilor was out of use. In the post-war period in Germany , the leading officials in the ministries of state who represented the ministers again held the title of Council of State until the Constitution of the Free State of Bavaria once again provided for state secretaries. In 2015, under Horst Seehofer , the office of State Councilor was again created for Karolina Gernbauer , Head of the State Chancellery .
literature
- Joachim Lilla: State Councilors and State Secretaries (1918–1933) . Historical lexicon of Bavaria. Online version, September 10, 2013
Individual evidence
- ↑ a b c d e J. Lilla (2013)
- ↑ Waltraud Taschner: Where the predecessor hesitated. Seehofer creates the title Council of State - that's what Stoiber wanted , in: Bayerische Staatszeitung from August 7, 2015.