Zschopau
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Coordinates: 50 ° 45 ' N , 13 ° 4' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Erzgebirgskreis | |
| Management Community : | Zschopau | |
| Height : | 350 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 22.79 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 9170 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 402 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postcodes : | 09405, 09434 (Krumhermersdorf) |
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| Area code : | 03725 | |
| License plate : | ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP | |
| Community key : | 14 5 21 690 | |
| LOCODE : | DE ZSP | |
City administration address : |
Altmarkt 2 09405 Zschopau |
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| Website : | ||
| Lord Mayor : | Arne Sigmund (independent) | |
| Location of the city of Zschopau in the Erzgebirge district | ||
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Zschopau (pronunciation: [ 'tʃo: pau ]) is a large district town in the Saxon Erzgebirgskreis .
The town grew around the castle, the mid-12th century to protect this river Zschopau crossing Salt Road was erected. From the 14th century mining was also carried out, whereupon Zschopau was granted privileges of a "free mining town " in 1493 . However, the importance always lagged behind the large mining towns in the Ore Mountains.
The development of handicrafts and trade has been favored by the trade route, in 1451 Zschopau was granted market rights and in 1466 brewing rights. The first guilds of weavers and calico printers were founded in 1529. Textile factories and spinning mills later developed, favoring the early transformation of Zschopau into an industrial city at the beginning of the 19th century.
Motorcycles have been built in Zschopau since 1922 . Here since 1926 was the first motorcycle - the assembly line in the world and DKW was with a production of 60,000 units in 1929, the world's largest motorcycle factory. In 1975 the company repeated this record - now under the name "VEB Motorradwerk Zschopau" ( MZ ) - with 92,000 units.
geography
Geographical location
The city of Zschopau is located southeast of the city of Chemnitz in the valley of the river of the same name . It is located at the transition from the lower layers to the middle layers of the Ore Mountains in the Lower Middle Ore Mountains natural area . To the east of the city lies the Waldhufendorf Krumhermersdorf . Above all, the southeastern slope of the Zschopau river is hardly populated due to the steep relief. The lowest point in the urban area is on the Zschopau river on the city limits of Grünhainichen at around 310 m above sea level. NN , the highest point is the 598 m high Pilzhübel southwest of the Krumhermersdorf district.
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City structure
Districts:
- Zschopau
- Wilischthal (incorporation of Scharfensteiner Straße in 1905)
- Krumhermersdorf (incorporated on January 1, 1999)
- Ganshäuser (1988 to Krumhermersdorf and January 1, 1999 with this to Zschopau)
Places to live, farms and deserted areas:
- Bornwaldhäuser , deserted since 1914 (January 1, 1999 with Krumhermersdorf zu Zschopau)
- "Rotes Vorwerk", in Zschopauer Feldmark to Amtsberg OT Schlößchen , formerly Vorwerk zu Schloss Wildeck , now a golf hotel
- "Feldschlösschen", in Zschopauer Feldmark zu Amtsberg OT Schlößchen, formerly a manor and well-known excursion restaurant with a large dance hall
- Field estate and houses on Chemnitzer Straße 110/111, formerly Wegsteuereinnehmerstelle Böhmischer Steig, then restaurant "Bergschlößchen"
- Houses in Thumer Straße at the entrance to Amtsberg OT Schlößchen
history
Origin of the city
The castle was built in the middle of the 12th century and served to protect the ford of the salt road through the Zschopau. Coming from Halle and Leipzig , this road crossed the river and then continued over the densely wooded heights of the Ore Mountains to Bohemia and Prague . In 1174 the street is called as antiqua semita Bohemorum . This is also the time when the city was built. In 1286 it was first mentioned as "Schapa", and in 1292 Zschopaus was named as civitas .
In 1300 the city came into the possession of the Reich ministries of Waldenburg . From 1349 it was a Mark-Meißnisches fiefdom and in 1456 came completely into the possession of the Saxon elector . In 1454 the hospital church "Sankt Beatae Virginis" was built on the cemetery site (demolished in 1813 due to dilapidation). With the division of Leipzig in 1485 , the responsibility changed from the office of Wolkenstein to the "care Schellenberg" and from 1590 to the office of Augustusburg . From the middle of the 14th century mining (especially silver mining) was also carried out in Zschopau. In 1494 a new late Gothic town church St. Martin was built, at the same time the town wall and town hall were renewed. A bridge over the Zschopau was first mentioned in 1516.
Zschopau after the Reformation
With the Reformation in 1539, Zschopau became an independent parish . A city school was first mentioned in 1543. From 1545 to 1547 the castle complex was expanded by the Saxon Duke and later Elector Moritz into a hunting lodge, which was given the name "Wildeck" . This step did justice to the increasing importance of Zschopau as a city in the Ore Mountains . The castle served from 1506 to 1911 as the seat of a forest and game management department (later the chief forest office). To supply existed in surrounding towns outworks . One of the most famous Landjägermeister was Cornelius von Rüxleben (1525–1590), a confidante of the Saxon Elector August . He had been Jägermeister in Zschopau since 1554 and had the noble house (now the New Town Hall) built on the Altmarkt in 1561. In 1576 he fell out of favor with the elector and remained in custody until his death in 1590.
Between 1567 and 1588 the philosopher and theologian Valentin Weigel worked as a pastor in Zschopau. In 1609 the Zschopauerin Margarethe Lößnert got into a witch trial and was beheaded. In 1612 Zschopau was hit hard by the plague , which claimed more than 450 lives. In 1632 the inhabitants had to flee from the Croats into the woods during the Thirty Years' War . In 1634, the city was looted again and largely burned down on November 21st. Until the end of the war in 1648 soldiers quartered themselves in the city again and again.
In the following years the city flourished again. Trade, commerce and mining brought wealth and recognition. During this time u. a. the composer Christian Liebe as principal of the Latin School .
This period was ended by the great fire of 1748. The fire on October 8, which started in a house right next to the church, destroyed almost the entire city center within three hours. Only the castle and the houses on the other side of the Zschopau remained undamaged. Two years later, the reconstruction of the church in the Baroque style began; it was consecrated in 1751 (see section “ Sacred Buildings ”). The other buildings around the market were also rebuilt in the baroque style.
Older buildings can be found today, apart from the castle and the remains of the city wall, only outside the course of the old city fortifications.
The replica of a Saxon post mile pillar from 1727 stands in Chemnitzer Gasse (Chemnitzer Strasse branch) in front of the oldest houses in the city (see section “ Secular Buildings ”).
During the Seven Years' War from 1756 to 1763, the residents had to repeatedly supply billeted troops, pay contributions and endure the forced recruitment of residents.
The great famine caused by bad harvests in 1772 killed around 300 residents.
industrialization
The preliminary stages of industrialization began very early in Zschopau. The early economic importance of the city expressed in repeated visits to Tsar Peter I . in Zschopau. In 1699 he visited the city's stocking mill and stayed for several days in the Hotel “Weißes Rößgen”. In 1711 and 1713 he repeated his visit. A total of four bleaches were made between 1715 and 1812, and in 1787 the wool carding machine was developed by Johann Gottlieb Pfaff in Zschopau. With the settlement of several bleachers and factories, industrialization began around 1800. In the years 1812 to 1815, the stone bridge over the Zschopau was built. In 1813, 80,000 soldiers with 13,000 teams of the united Austro-Russian army moved over the bridge still under construction to the Battle of the Nations in Leipzig . Tsar Alexander stayed at the “Stadt Wien” hotel.
During this period, several larger textile companies emerged in Zschopau. The most important factory was that of the Bodemer family . The merchant Johann Jacob Bodemer , who originally came from Swabia, and his authorized representative Immanuel Gottlob Heßler (1778–1830) built a Bleiche and other factory buildings on the Zschopauufer from 1802. From 1819 Bodemer had spinning machines installed in his factory. In the period that followed, his company developed into one of the largest cotton mills in Saxony. His son Jacob Georg Bodemer took over the management in 1830 and in 1836 ownership of the parents' business. In 1845 a factory school was set up in the Bodemer factory. A company health and a factory savings bank followed. The company was thus far ahead of its time. Zschopau also experienced a strong upswing in other branches of the textile industry, which was also reflected in rapid population growth.
After a speech by Pastor Ludwig Würkert , 94 volunteers moved to Dresden on May 5, 1849 to support the Provisional Government there in the Dresden May uprising . On May 7, 1849, another train followed, led by Cantor Carl Geißler (1802–1868). On May 14, 1849, Würkert and Geißler as well as the master tailor Wilhelm Conrad and the barber Heinrich Reichelt were arrested by the military and taken to Augustusburg. Würkert and Conrad were sentenced to eight years in prison, Geißler and Reichelt to ten years. After they had served part of the sentence, they were pardoned by the Saxon king.
In 1865 the Gensel brothers' spinning mill put the first steam engine into operation. In 1866 the city received a rail connection with the construction of the Zschopautalbahn . The influence of the major entrepreneur Bodemer led to the station being built right next to his factory. In 1868 Bodemer's son Johann Georg Bodemer and his brother-in-law Wilhelm Dürfeld took over management and in 1872 ownership of the parents' factory. On March 17, 1869, the Zschopau volunteer fire brigade was founded. It was used on a larger scale for the first time in the great fire of September 29, 1869 in the Scheunenviertel at Schweineteich (An den Anlagen), which destroyed 41 residential buildings and 31 barns. In the same year, a teachers' seminar was founded on a sunny southern slope of Zschopau, and August Israel became the first director (see section "Educational institutions"). In 1888 the community school, today the high school "Martin Andersen Nexö", was completed.
After 1872, Zschopau was severely affected by the consequences of the founders' crash , which led to a phase of stagnation and a wave of layoffs, which was also noticeable in a significant decrease in the number of residents due to emigration. Technical progress also found its way into the flourishing industrial city. The municipal gas works in Borngraben started operations in 1868 with 115 customers (until 1950). The first telephone line was put into operation in 1891 and the city water supply in 1893. The city hospital opened in 1898.
Zschopau in the 20th century
The Bodemer factory, since 1913 "Zschopauer cotton spinning AG", continued to expand and in 1925 employed 1,100 workers in a factory with 82,000 spindles.
In 1907 the Dane Jørgen Skafte Rasmussen bought a disused cloth factory in the valley of the Tischau brook and founded a fittings factory, which also produced detonators and grenade detonators during the First World War. In 1916, due to the increasing shortage of petrol, the prototype of a steam motor vehicle (DKW) was developed; the tests were discontinued in 1921. In 1919 the engineer Hugo Ruppe developed a small two-stroke engine for toy drives (DKW = "Des Knaben Wunsch"), which laid the foundation for the subsequent production of stationary engines, auxiliary bicycle engines and motorcycles (DKW = "The Little Wonder") in Zschopau. In 1928, Zschopauer Motorenwerke J. S. Rasmussen and its DKW brand were the largest motorcycle factory in the world. In 1932, the merged Zschopauer motor works with its subsidiary Audi Werke AG of Zwickau , the Horch Werke AG (also Zwickau ) and the vehicle plant Siegmar of Wanderer-Werke in Schoenau near Chemnitz for Auto Union AG with a provisional seat Zschopau. The merger of the four brands resulted in the logo with the four rings, which is still used by Audi today. The company's founder JS Rasmussen left the company in 1934 and moved to Sacrow near Potsdam in 1939 . The relocation of the company headquarters to Chemnitz took place in 1936 in the converted and expanded buildings of the former Presto works . During the Second World War, the company mainly built power generating sets and motorcycles for the Wehrmacht, along with other armaments . - see article " Motorcycle construction in Zschopau "
After 1900, Zschopau experienced several city extensions, mainly to the east. In 1918 a “non-profit housing cooperative” was founded. As a result of this, numerous settlement houses were built in the period that followed. In 1928/1929 the "DKW-Siedlung" was built in the southwest of the city as a factory settlement for the motorcycle factory. The underground waterworks went into operation in 1930.
In 1941 the first houses were built in the "Neue Heimat" high above the city in a southerly direction. The war prevented the construction of further planned houses.
From November 21, 1944 to April 14, 1945, there was a satellite camp of the Flossenbürg concentration camp at Auto Union AG in Zschopau. 500 Jewish women and girls from the Auschwitz camp had to do forced labor here in the armaments industry and were finally evacuated on April 14, 1945 with the dissolution of the camp by train from Wilischthal to Theresienstadt concentration camp , where the survivors were evacuated by the Red Army on May 8, 1945 Army were liberated. How many prisoners died during the transport and how many escaped on the way can unfortunately no longer be determined.
On February 15, 1945, the right wing of the single home was destroyed by an English air mine and several residential buildings were badly damaged in a bombing raid, which was probably aimed at the DKW plant. Seven people, including two children, died. In another bomb attack on March 19, 1945, 11 houses and the school gym of what would later become the Martin Andersen Nexö School were destroyed and 16 people were killed, 12 of them in the Seminary Street 2 residential building.
The deputy city commandant Friedrich Wunderlich refused the order to demolish the Zschopau Bridge in May 1945. Otto Greßler, Hans Senke and Hugo Eckleben made the explosive devices already installed unusable. The city was captured by Soviet troops on May 8, 1945 without a fight and a local command post was set up in the "Stadtcafé". 309 people from Zschopau died in the war, 198 were missing.
After the end of the war, the motorcycle factory's production facilities were almost completely dismantled and transported to Izhevsk . This was followed by a phase of manufacturing household goods in the Wilischthal plant. From 1950, with pre-war developments, motorcycle construction in Zschopau was continued under the name IFA . In 1952 the company name was changed to “VEB Motorradwerk Zschopau”, MZ . From 1956 onwards, all models were also called "MZ".
Population development
After the city had been one of the larger Saxon cities until the 18th century, growth in the period of industrialization was limited primarily by the geographical location of the city in the narrow valley basin. After the Second World War, work began on the surrounding slopes, and from 1980 the “August Bebel” flat settlement was built for over 3000 people. After 1990, the population decreased massively due to high unemployment, the associated emigration and falling birth rates, but also due to the construction of new housing estates in the surrounding villages. Zschopau lost around 35% of its inhabitants between 1990 and 2015.
1750-1950
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1950 to 2002
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2003 to 2011
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from 2012
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Zschopau (without districts)
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District Krumhermersdorf
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- Source up to 1964: The middle Zschopau area (= values from our homeland . Volume 28). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1977, pp. 206-207.
- Source 1989 to 2006: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony
politics
status
With the administrative reform in 1952, Zschopau became the administrative seat of the newly founded Zschopau district . In 1990 it became the district of Zschopau . Major projects were planned and implemented under the then District Administrator Siegfried Trommer , B. the bypass of the federal highway 174 , the construction of the new hospital on the Zschopenberg, the renovation of the Zschopau high school and the construction of the vocational school center. With the district reform in 1994, the district of Zschopau became part of the Middle Ore Mountains , and Marienberg became the new district town . In 1999 Zschopau received the status of a " large district town ". Since the district reform in 2008, Zschopau has been part of the newly founded Erzgebirge district based in Annaberg-Buchholz .
City council
For the city council election on May 26, 2019, the votes and seats (with a turnout of 60.4%) were distributed as follows:
| Party / list | Seats | Share of votes |
|---|---|---|
| We - the clubs | 5 | 27.0% |
| BFW * | 4th | 23.0% |
| The left | 3 | 14.7% |
| CDU | 3 | 13.9% |
| Green | 2 | 12.0% |
| FDP | 1 | 6.4% |
* Federation of Free Voters
The SPD is no longer represented; in the European elections held at the same time, the AfD received the most votes with 27.2%.
mayor
- 1994–2015: Klaus Baumann (CDU)
- since 2015: Arne Siegmund (individual applicant)
Administrative community
With the community of Gornau / Erzgeb. The Zschopau administrative association has existed since 2000 .
Town twinning
Partnerships have existed since 1972 with the city of Louny in Bohemia , since 1990 with the city of Neckarsulm in Baden-Württemberg and since 2010 with the city of Veneux-Les Sablons in France.
Culture and sights
- see also: List of cultural monuments in Zschopau
Sacred buildings
- The St. Martin Church was built in 1494 as a late Gothic town church. It was completely destroyed in the great fire of 1634, later rebuilt and re-inaugurated in 1649. From 1658 to 1660 it received an organ from the well-known Leipzig organ builder Christoph Donat and in 1697 a new bell tower. In the town fire of 1748, the church burned down again. From 1750 to 1751 it was rebuilt in the Dresden Baroque style, while preserving the surrounding walls and the medieval floor plan, according to a design by the master builder Siegert, and from 1752 to 1755 it received an organ from the master organ builder Jacob Oertel from Grünhain. It is the third largest surviving baroque organ in Saxony and was considered one of the most beautiful organs in Saxony for over 100 years. In 1798 the reconstruction was completed with the construction of a new church tower. Inside the church there is a classical altar from 1858.
Secular buildings
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- Wildeck Castle (converted into a hunting lodge in 1545) with "Dicker Heinrich" keep (built in the mid-twelfth century)
- The approximately 5 m high medieval city wall from the 15th century (1494/1495) is still partially preserved in the course between Marienstraße and Schillerplatz / Brühl / An den Anlagen. Most of it is no longer open to the public, only at the former Scheunentor (e.g. Körnerstraße 8) it is still visible to the north. As you can see there, this was built as a field stone wall.
The only publicly accessible piece in the area to the left of Marienstraße 5 (parking lot) is no longer the original city wall made of quarry stone, because brickwork can be seen in places where the recently applied plaster is missing. Quarry stone masonry can still be seen directly on the right in the private property.
The four city gates are no longer there (according to the city around 1650) in the south: "Wolkensteiner Tor" (about Gartenstrasse junction Borngraben, demolished in 1818) in the north: "Chemnitzer Tor" (about Lange Straße 44, built over stone in 1548, demolished in 1815 ) in the east: "Hermersdorfer Tor" (around the junction of Gartenstrasse / Breitscheidstrasse, built over in 1548 with stone, demolished in 1828) in the east: "Neues Tor" or "Scheunentor" or "Augustusburger Tor" (around Körnerstrasse 8, built later, around 1880 canceled). - Old town hall (built in 1494/1495) with carillon from 1938 in the roof ridge, which plays folk tunes daily at 9 a.m., 1 p.m. and 6 p.m.
- Half-timbered building Wilkehaus Johannisstrasse 2, built in 1657
- Saxon postal mileage pillar from 1727, was reconstructed in 2009 after a leftover piece and erected at the confluence of Chemnitzer Gasse / Chemnitzer Straße. The original remnant was in the Mauer Gartenstrasse until 1988 (for example the former "Wolkensteiner Tor"), then it was recovered there and has been in the "Schlanken Margarethe" in Wildeck Castle since then.
- Old post office in Ludwig-Würkert-Straße 1 (built in 1782). The master cloth maker Christian Ferdinand Kunze (1810–1879) ran a post office here from 1849 to 1866.
- The field stone barns, which were located far outside the city (about Am Gräbel 2–8) after the city fire, were demolished between 2000 and 2016 except for one.
- Stone arch bridge over the Zschopau (built 1813)
- Gymnasium (built in 1868/1869, see " Teachers ' seminar and gymnasium" )
- Martin-Andersen-Nexö-Oberschule (built 1886–1888, see "Citizen School and Martin-Andersen-Nexo-School" )
- Aqueduct of Zschopau , behind In der Aue (built in 1907) and aqueduct in the district of Krumhermersdorf (built in 1907)
- Bridge of the federal highway 174 (built 1994–1997)
Monuments
- On the Zschopau Bridge is the monument “Zschap mei Geeß” (Zschopau my Jesus) from 1932, which reminds of the exertions of the carters of that time.
- At the staircase from the bridge to the castle is a plaque with a portrait of Zschopau's honorary citizen Jacob Georg Bodemer from 1913.
- On the east side of the church there has been a sandstone plaque in memory of the Zschopau pastor Valentin Weigel since 1990 . He was buried in the Zschopau church. The grave slab was probably lost in the great city fire of 1748. At the instigation of the seminar director August Israel, it was replaced in 1888 on the occasion of Weigel's 300th anniversary of death by a metal plate with the original inscription . The plate was placed near the altar.
- Stülpnerbrunnen: On the riverside path upstream to the right between Zschopau and Wilischthal there is a metal plaque at the fortified spring in memory of the poacher Karl Stülpner .
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Stumbling blocks in the sidewalk
- Three in front of the building at Lange Straße 19 / corner of Neumarkt have been remembering the Jewish fellow citizens Emil, Elfriede and Ludwig Motulsky (owners of the clothing store, murdered in Majdanek concentration camp in 1942 and 1943, respectively) since 2009.
- Two in front of the building at Ludwig-Würkert-Strasse 2 / corner of Neumarkt have been remembering the Jewish citizens Charlotte and Alfred Hirsch (partners in the Messerschmidt clothing store, murdered in Riga in 1942) since 2013
- A grave site with a memorial stone in the local cemetery commemorates six named female Jewish concentration camp prisoners who were deported to Zschopau and Wilischthal for forced labor during World War II and died there due to illness.
- On the Anton-Günther-Platz near the cemetery a plaque commemorates the Ore Mountains folk poet and singer Anton Günther .
Monument at the Zschopau Bridge on the old salt road (Böhmischer Steig)
Memorial plaque for Jacob Georg Bodemer from 1913 in Zschopau at the entrance to the castle
Memorial plaque on the Zschopau church for Valentin Weigel (1533–1588), pastor in Zschopau since 1567
Stülpner fountain (from 1929)
Disappeared monuments
- On the east side of the Zschopau church there has been a memorial for ten fallen soldiers in the French campaign of 1870/1871 from Zschopau, Witzschdorf and Gornau since 1873 . It was removed in the 1960s.
- On May 9, 1897, the Bismarck monument was erected in honor of Zschopau's honorary citizen Otto von Bismarck on a traffic island on Lange Strasse / Gartenstrasse opposite the city café, based on a design by the building manager Louis Scheller. It had a height of 5.30 m and a weight of 13.5 t. The company Künzel, Schedler & Co. from Schwarzenbach in the Fichtelgebirge took over the execution. The granite obelisk carried a bronze bust of Bismarck (design by the Dresden sculptor Hölbe, cast by the Pirner & Franz company in Dresden). In 1914 it fell victim to the metal levy. On October 7, 1950, the Bismarck memorial became a "republic pillar" with the help of new inscription panels. In the 1970s the column was removed and disposed of.
- In 1922 the cemetery chapel was redesigned as a “Heroes Memorial Site”: four wooden plaques with the names of the 226 Zschopau residents who fell in World War I were placed inside the church . The boards were removed after the war ended in 1945.
Museums
The city's museums concentrate on the almost completely restored Wildeck Castle in the old town. Here are
- "Museum of the history and development of motorcycle construction in Zschopau"
- “Museum of the History of Book Printing” with demonstration workshops
- "Coin Mint Museum" with a demonstration workshop
- "Erzgewölbe" (mineral exhibition in the regiment cellar)
- Exhibition on the history of the tower in the tower room.
There is also the possibility to visit the well-preserved Renaissance rooms of the castle as well as a gallery with changing exhibitions.
There is also the “Heilige Dreifaltigkeit Fundgrube” visitor mine in the south of the city on the banks of the Zschopau. The Holy Trinity Treasure Trove was first mentioned in a document in 1478 and operated with interruptions until 1884. The silver content of the ore was low. Since 1992, guided tours have been offered on an ancillary facility of the treasure trove.
music
Zschopau must have enjoyed a lively musical life as early as the 17th century. The composer Christian Liebe , who worked in the city as rector of the Latin School from 1690 until his death in 1708 , composed a large number of his works here, especially cantatas with an exceptionally large wind instrumentation, an indication of the good facilities of the city music college.
As early as the 17th century there was a town piping in Zschopau , which was replaced by the town band in 1828. Later, in addition to an orchestra, other music groups emerged from the city music school (today the district's music school). The municipal music school in Borngraben, founded in 1881 (orchestral school from 1918), which also had a boarding school, had an excellent reputation until the 1930s. Since 1893, regular concerts have been held in the music pavilion in the grounds (demolished in 1962). Well-known musicians such as Fips Fleischer and Walter Eichenberg received their musical training at school. The institution was dissolved by a decree of the Saxon Ministry of Education in 1950. But musicians also found orchestras and various choirs in the teachers' seminar. The renovation of the organ loft in St. Martin's Church in 1896, which no longer offered enough space for the seminarians' choir, which often comprised more than 150 singers, is evidence of the extensive musical life in the 19th century. After the Second World War, in addition to the school orchestras in two high schools, a pioneer and FDJ wind orchestra and in 1965 the youth choir of the Extended Oberschule (EOS) " Clara Zetkin " (today Zschopau High School), which is a remarkable ensemble with over 50 singers in its History has also gained importance beyond the city limits. The Zschopau youth choir is particularly popular because of its wide-ranging repertoire . Sacred musical life today is mainly shaped by the St. Martins parish choir, which has enriched the city's cultural life since the 1970s, at that time under Cantor Zschokke, with extensive musical care and the performance of important works. Today there is also a municipal choir, a male choir and, especially in the Krumhermersdorf district , music groups that have dedicated themselves to maintaining the Ore Mountains musical culture .
regional customs
The city's Christmas construction association keeps regional customs alive. The members meet regularly under the roof of the carver's home in order to preserve and pass on traditional craft techniques. There is a lace circle in Wildeck Castle . Regular exhibitions are held together or regional meetings are held. The large pyramid , which is set up on the market at Christmas time, is also operated by the Christmas construction association. All in all, the Ore Mountains customs are still alive, which is particularly evident in the Advent and Christmas season in the countless windows illuminated with candle arches .
Faith communities
- Ev. Luth. St. Martin parish Zschopau:
- Ev.-Luth. Krumhermersdorf Church:
- Protestant Methodist parish Zschopau Witzschdorf:
- Seventh-day Adventist Free Church :
- New Apostolic Church :
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Catholic branch church St. Marien of the parish "Holy Mother Teresa Chemnitz":
After the introduction of the Reformation in Zschopau in 1539 there were no Catholics in the place for more than 400 years. Chapel, which was outside the city on the other side of the Zschopau, demolished in 1812/13. After the Second World War, Catholic refugees came to the territory from what is now Poland. Even now there are very few Catholics in the city of Zschopau and its districts. (The town of Zschopau (including the districts of Wilischthal and Krumhermersdorf), Amtsberg (with the districts of Schlößchen, Weißbach and Wilischthal), Drebach (the districts of Grießbach, Scharfenstein, Spinnerei) belonged to the parish "St. Marien Zschopau", which was repealed in 2010 in view of falling membership numbers and Venusberg), Gelenau, Gornau, Großolbersdorf (with the districts of Hohndorf and Hopfgarten) and Waldkirchen (a district of Grünhainichen) with a total of around 115 active members.)
Parks
The so-called "facilities" are located on the edge of the old town. These emerged after the great fire of September 29, 1869.
A baroque garden was laid out around Wildeck Castle in 2009, allowing a walk around the castle.
Anton-Günther-Platz is located near the cemetery. It was built in 1938 by the Zschopau Christmas Construction Association to commemorate its deceased members (see section " Monuments ").
Sports
The enduro sport event around Zschopau takes place regularly in October . In addition to the annual final of the German Championship, World Championship races were also held in Zschopau in 1990, 2004 and 2017. Over 40,000 spectators regularly come to the events. In the winter sports area, competitions are also held on the ski slope with lifts and a ski jumping facility. Sports promotion in the area of canoeing , wrestling and various ball sports is also important. The city's best-known football club is BSG Motor Zschopau . There is also a golf course.
The outdoor pool on Krumhermersdorfer Strasse, built in 1966, enjoyed great popularity for many years, with up to 100,000 visitors per year in some cases. The facility was closed in 2010 by the then Lord Mayor Klaus Baumann (CDU) for security reasons, although he had promised his voters that construction would start in 2010 at the latest before his re-election in 2008. Two votes on the implementation of a referendum on the renovation of the bathroom did not find the required majority in the city council, although in 2012 more than 2,000 citizens (25% of the eligible voters) had signed a referendum to request a referendum. In 2014 the city council decided to dismantle all facilities and build a natural swimming pond. In 2018, all buildings were removed and the Gansbach, which until then ran under the pool area in a concrete tube, was revealed.
In the district Krumhermersdorf there is a pool and in August-Bebel-residential area on Launer ring a swimming pool .
Regular events
- Beginning of April: Medieval spectacle in the castle, spring festival
- May: Wind music meeting in the castle
- Beginning of June: regularity competitions with historic motorcycles and automobiles
- June – September: series of concerts in the courtyard
- July: Landscape Castle Run, Boathouse Festival
- End of August: Castle and Rifle Festival
- September: Wine and Old Town Festival
- October: Autumn Festival, around Zschopau
- December: Christmas market in the castle
Economy and Infrastructure
traffic
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Road traffic
Zschopau is connected to Chemnitz via the four-lane federal highway 174 and from there to the federal highways 4 and 72 via the city ring . There is also a connection to Northern Bohemia and Prague via the B 174 . The latter was redrawn from 1994 to 1997 as a bypass . The core of the four-lane expansion is the 408 m long bridge structure at the Zschopau valley crossing .
Rail transport
Zschopau is built by the 1863-1866 Zschopautalbahn connected to the rail network. In the urban area are the Zschopau train station , which was partially dismantled by 2007 as part of an extensive renovation of the line, the Zschopau Ost stop and a stop in the Wilischthal district , where the Wilisch Valley Railway branched off from 1886 to 1976 . On weekdays there are hourly direct connections to Chemnitz and Annaberg-Buchholz and further to Cranzahl to the Fichtelbergbahn . There are also hourly connections to and from Dresden via Flöha and to Leipzig via Chemnitz . In the medium term, a connection to the city of Chemnitz's public transport system is planned via the Chemnitz model .
Bus transport
Zschopau is the junction of several regional and long-distance lines with direct connections to northern Germany, Karlsbad and Prague . The urban area is opened up by city traffic lines.
media
In Zschopau and the surrounding area, the regional edition Zschopauer Zeitung of the Free Press based in Chemnitz appears daily . The regional channel MEF (Middle Ore Mountains TV) is broadcast in Zschopau.
Public facilities
administration
There is a branch of the tax office in Zschopau.
Healthcare
The Central Ore Mountains Clinic has its main location in Zschopau, with another one in Olbernhau . The house of standard care has almost 400 beds and an affiliated psychiatric day clinic. The department for radiation therapy is operated by the Chemnitz Clinic . The Chemnitzer Klinikum wanted to take over the Klinikum Mittleres Erzgebirge, but gave up after the Federal Cartel Office announced a ban.
education
The following educational institutions exist in Zschopau:
Two elementary schools , two secondary schools (August-Bebel, Martin-Andersen-Nexö), the Zschopau high school (natural science and artistic profile), a vocational school center and other private training institutions.
From 1954 to 1990 there was a dormitory in Zschopau for apprentices who were trained as large household appliance mechanics in the VEB dkk Scharfenstein.
Citizen School and Martin Andersen Nexo School
In 1886 the foundation stone for the Zschopau Citizens' School was laid. It was inaugurated in 1888 with a major school consecration. In 1910 it was rededicated as a primary school. On March 19, 1945, the school gymnasium, inaugurated in 1886, was destroyed by an Anglo-American bomb hit and the school was badly damaged. In 1960 the classicist facade was converted into a modern one,
- 1888–1919: Citizens' School
- 1919–1945: elementary school
- 1945–1949: elementary school
- 1949–1954: "Martin Andersen Nexö" primary school
- 1954–1992: Polytechnic high school "Martin Andersen Nexö"
- 1992–2000: Elementary and middle school "Martin Andersen Nexö"
- 2000–2015: Middle School "Martin Andersen Nexö"
- since 2015: "Martin Andersen Nexö" high school
Teachers' seminar and grammar school
In 1869 a teacher training college was set up in Zschopau . The three buildings were erected in the following order: 1868/1869 (main building and gym), 1874/1875 addition of the side wings and the gymnasium, 1884/1885 construction of the lower teaching building for the practice school and 1902-1904 construction of the upper teaching building. The institute primarily influenced the city's cultural life (see above).
Several important directors established the seminar's reputation. August Israel (first director from 1869 to 1898) wrote numerous educational and local history treatises. He received an honorary doctorate from the University of Zurich for his Pestalozzi bibliography . His annual reports on seminar activity contain valuable scientific supplements.
Over time, a large botanical garden was built on the slope in front of the seminar , which was largely initiated by Director Israel and seminar senior teacher Oskar Moritz Seidel (1841–1917, at the seminar since 1869). To this day there are some rare trees and plants on the sunny southern slope of the spacious school grounds.
Richard Seyfert , who was director from 1908 to 1919, later enforced academic teacher training in Saxony as head of the Saxon Ministry of Education, whereupon the seminar became a German secondary school from 1923 . The gymnastics teacher Max Schwarze wrote the Zschopauer Wanderbuch (1913), among other gymnastic writings , which gave him a reputation that went far beyond Saxony.
The seminar instructors Fritz Eger (1868–1943, since 1903, at the seminar) and Bruno Hausding (1883–1958, since 1914, at the seminar) wrote articles on scientific topics and local history in the journal Meine Heimat from 1916 to 1922.
From 1922 to 1945 there was a German high school and no grammar school. From 1940 to 1945 there was also a teacher training institute (LBA) in the facility. After 1945 the school remained a high school, but most of the teachers were dismissed because of their NSDAP membership. The director from 1945 to 1950 was the reform pedagogue and local history researcher Kurt Schumann from Dresden , who had been teaching at the school since 1934. In 1959 the facility was rededicated as an extended secondary school, and in 1969 it was named Clara Zetkin . From 1955 to 1974 an auxiliary school was also operated in the facility, and from 1964 to 1992 a ten-class polytechnic high school (from 1969 POS "Geschwister Scholl"). Until 1988, the school also had a boarding school .
From 1992 the school became a high school. After extensive renovation work up to 1996, the three buildings were expanded and modernized with glass connecting structures while preserving the listed building fabric. A special feature is the wood-paneled auditorium with an organ . A development association has existed since 1993 . As before the Second World War, the school does not have an additional name today and is called "Gymnasium Zschopau". Today the school has around 540 students and offers a scientific and an artistic profile.
Libraries
The Zschopau City Library has been located in Wildeck Castle since 1956. It was founded in 1863 and was named in 2003 after its founder Jacob Georg Bodemer . A development association has existed since 1994.
The library of the Gymnasium Zschopau is located on the ground floor of the middle school building and has hardly changed its appearance since it was founded in the 1880s. It includes an extensive historical book inventory. In addition to the writings of famous directors such as August Israel and Richard Seyfert , historical documents on the history of the city of Zschopau and the surrounding area, treatises on local history and a collection of educational writings are kept here. In addition, there are some valuable textbooks from the 18th and especially the 19th century. Finally, there is also a smaller open access portfolio.
Regional money
From August 17, 2007 to February 28, 2014 there was the regional currency ZschopauTaler (ZPT) in the Mittweida, Frankenberg, Waldheim, Hainichen, Flöha, Augustusburg and Zschopau region . During this time, 379,916 euros were in circulation as Zschopautaler in the region.
It was a shrinking currency , an expiry date is printed on every note, after which it became absolutely worthless. In 2011 a Zschopautaler was worth around one euro. The exchange in euros cost a five percent fee. The regional money paid no interest and the money lost value over time.
Personalities
literature
- Carsten Beier: Zschopau in old photographs . Sutton, Erfurt 2016, ISBN 978-3-95400-717-2 .
- City administration Zschopau (ed.): Chronicle of the city of Zschopau 1945–1990 . City picture, Leipzig 2016.
- Zschopau. In: The middle Zschopau area (= values of our homeland . Volume 28). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1977, pp. 156–167.
- The parish of Zschopau . In: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg . Strauch, Leipzig, Sp. 805-854 ( digitized version ).
- Zschopau (city) . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 13th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1826, pp. 761-774.
- Author collective: History of the city of Zschopau. Origin until 1945 . Zschopau 1989.
- Rudolf Herfurth: Historical news from Zschopau . In: 15th annual report on the royal school teacher seminar in Zschopau . Scientific supplement. Zschopau 1885 ( [1] ).
- Ernst Friedrich Wilhelm Simon: Brief historical-geographical-topographical news of the most distinguished monuments of the mountain town of Zschopau . Dresden 1821 ( digitized google books , digitized SLUB ).
- City administration Zschopau (Hrsg.): Zschopau - old town in the Ore Mountains . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1992, ISBN 3-89264-655-4 .
- City administration Zschopau (Hrsg.): Zschopau - mountain town at the foot of the Ore Mountains . Geiger, Horb am Neckar 1997, ISBN 3-89570-344-3 .
- Richard Steche : Zschopau. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 6th booklet: Amtshauptmannschaft Flöha . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1886, p. 87.
- Collective of authors: 150 Years of the Zschopau Volunteer Fire Brigade 1869–2019. Bildverlag Böttger GbR, Witzschdorf 2019, ISBN 978-3-96564-002-3
Web links
- official website of the city of Zschopau
- Zschopau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Ganshäuser in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ↑ a b c On the history of the city of Zschopau. In: www.zschopau.de. Zschopau city administration, accessed on November 19, 2017 .
- ↑ 16 Lower Middle Ore Mountains (UMEG) (PDF) In: Environment.sachsen.de . Saxon State Office for Environment, Agriculture and Geology , Section 61 "Landscape Ecology, Area Conservation". Archived from the original on August 22, 2019.
- ↑ a b c Area changes from 01.01. - 12/31/1999 (year). (XLSX) In: destatis.de. Federal Statistical Office, accessed on April 27, 2020 .
- ↑ Ganshäuser district. In: zschopau.de. Zschopau city administration, accessed on November 22, 2017 : "In 1988 the town of Krumhermersdorf was incorporated with its" Ganshäuser "district."
- ^ Zschopau in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Manfred Wilde: The sorcery and witch trials in Saxony. Cologne / Weimar / Vienna 2003, p. 459.
- ^ EFW Simon: Zschopau Chronicle. 1821, pp. 311-338.
- ^ EFW Simon: Zschopau Chronicle. 1821, pp. 177, 346-347.
- ^ Weekly newspaper for Zschopau and the surrounding area, anniversary edition of November 3, 1932, pp. 21–28.
- ^ Zschopau satellite camp. Website of the Flossenbürg Concentration Camp Memorial. Retrieved July 6, 2016.
- ^ Chronicle of the city of Zschopau 1945 to 1990. P. 9, 52.
- ↑ Results of the 2019 municipal council elections
- ↑ Final result of the European elections in Zschopau May 26, 2019
- ↑ StadtKurier Zschopau 10/2005 page 2, accessed from www.zschopau.de on February 21, 2019
- ↑ St. Martin's Church in Zschopau
- ↑ Zschopau Glockenspiel. In: www.zschopau.de. Zschopau city administration, accessed on November 19, 2017 .
- ^ Cultural monuments in the Free State of Saxony - monument document. (PDF) Object number 08961348. In: denkmalliste.denkmalpflege.sachsen.de. State Office for Monument Preservation Saxony, March 25, 2020, accessed on March 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Stadtkurier Zschopau 11/2009 page 2
- ↑ Stadtkurier Zschopau 04/2013 pages 16 and 17
- ↑ Carsten Beier: "Zschopau in old photographs" 2016, page 25
- ↑ a b visitor mine. "Holy Trinity Treasure Trove". In: zschopau.de. Zschopau city administration, accessed on March 26, 2020 .
- ↑ Medieval visitor mine in Zschopau ( Memento from October 1, 2019 in the Internet Archive ), former website of the old mining association “Heilige Dreifaltigkeit Fundgrube” Zschopau eV
- ↑ Dr. Peter Hammer: On the trail of mining in Zschopau / Erzgebirge. (PDF) Zschopau as a mountain town. In: www-user.tu-chemnitz.de. Retrieved March 25, 2020 .
- ↑ a b c d e f Churches & Religion. In: zschopau.de. Zschopau city administration, accessed on May 20, 2018 .
- ↑ a b St. Marien Zschopau - A short chronicle of our community. In: kath-kirche-zschopau.de. Retrieved October 5, 2019 .
- ↑ St. Marien Zschopau - The Catholic believers from the territory around Zschopau. (No longer available online.) In: kath-kirche-zschopau.de. Formerly in the original ; accessed on May 20, 2018 . ( Page no longer available , search in web archives )
- ↑ Zschopau. In: The middle Zschopau area (= values of our homeland . Volume 28). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1977, p. 157.
- ^ Siegfried Bergelt "Railway stories between Chemnitz and Weipert: The Zschopautalbahn and its regular-gauge branch lines", Bildverlag Böttger GbR; Edition: 2nd, (September 1, 2002), ISBN 3-9806606-9-9
- ^ Deutsche Bahn AG, Passenger Transport Division, Marketing eCommerce: Erzgebirgsbahn - Our Company. In: www.erzgebirgsbahn.de. Retrieved March 24, 2020 .
- ^ Siegfried Bergelt "Railway stories between Chemnitz and Weipert: The Zschopautalbahn and its regular-gauge branch lines", Bildverlag Böttger GbR; Edition: 2nd, (September 1, 2002), ISBN 3-9806606-9-9
- ↑ Deutsche Bahn AG, Passenger Transport Division, Marketing eCommerce: Your mobility portal for travel, rail, vacations, hotels, city trips and rental cars. In: bahn.de. Retrieved March 25, 2020 .
- ↑ Chemnitz model. (PDF) The Chemnitz model level 5, expansion Stollberg - Oelsnitz. Central Saxony Transport Association, November 15, 2016, accessed on March 25, 2020 .
- ↑ School chronicle 1886-1945. Middle School "Martin Andersen Nexö", accessed on December 18, 2017 .
- ^ Chronicle (since 2000). Middle School "Martin Andersen Nexö", accessed on December 18, 2017 .
- ↑ Processing of the Zschopautaler is ongoing. Fachverband Regiogeld, accessed on December 29, 2017 .
- ↑ moneypedia.de: ZschopauTaler (photos) Retrieved on December 29, 2017
- ↑ a b Juliane Schiemenz: In the rush of flowers. Why initiatives in the Free State have their own regional currencies printed. The time online, accessed on December 29, 2017 .
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