Anton Günther (folk poet)
Anton Günther (born June 5, 1876 in Gottesgab , Bohemia ; † April 29, 1937 there ) was a German folk poet and singer from the Ore Mountains . He is considered the inventor of the song postcard .
biography
Anton Günther was born in Gottesgab as the son of the white goods ticker and draftsman Johann Günther, who had moved back to his father's house from nearby Joachimsthal after a devastating city fire and had given up his miner profession in 1873. Because he came from "Tol" ( St. Joachimsthal ), the locals called him "Toler-Hans". The name Günther existed so often in Gottesgab that it was only used with a surname or nickname. In honor of his grandfather, the son was given the name Anton or "Tonl", and thus he became the "Toler-Hans-Tonl" in God's gift. Anton Günther spent his childhood in Gottesgab. Since his father earned money in addition to his meager salary by making music, Anton Günther was introduced to the singing and songs of his homeland at an early age.
He received his education in the citizen school in St. Joachimsthal . Anton Günther was one of seven children. When he was twelve years old, his mother died. The father married again and in 1891 another son named Hans († 1982 in Dellach / Austria ) was added.
He originally wanted to become a forester because he has a love for nature and the forest. But his talent for drawing and concern for the family led him to apprenticeship as a lithographer Ed. Schmidt to Buchholz in Saxony . After only three years he was acquitted of his apprenticeship. From 1895 he moved to Prague to the k. and k. Court lithography institute A. Haase . Homesickness for the mountains and forests made him a poet there. He met regularly for the "Guttsgewer Obnd" (God's gift evening) with other Gottesgabern and Bohemian Erzgebirge people who lived in Prague like him. Anton Günther wrote one of his most famous songs in 1895 for one of these Prague meetings, where songs from home were sung to the guitar, "Drham is' drham" (Home is at home). The great response to this song prompted him to come up with a new idea. Instead of copying the text over and over again to pass it on, he drew it on lithographic stone in 1895 and had it printed as a postcard.
After the death of his father in 1901, Günther returned to his parents' house in Gottesgab after six years in Prague and had to look after his family and especially his siblings. The inherited small farms were not enough to support them. That is why Anton Günther supplemented his income similarly to his father with performances as a singer and musician (called "Toler-Hans-Tonl" after his father). He also self-published his song postcards, which had already been done in his father's from 1897.
On July 9, 1908, Anton married Günther Marie Zettl (1886–1958), the daughter of the carpenter in charge of building the Keilberghaus in his home town Gottesgab. The marriage resulted in three children born in Gottesgab, namely the daughters Maria and Irmgard and their older brother Erwin (1909–1974), who later became a dialect.
The Ore Mountains became increasingly popular as a holiday and spa region . Restaurants and clubs invited Günther to entertainment evenings for locals and guests, especially in the Saxon Ore Mountains (Fichtelberg, Neues Haus in Oberwiesenthal, Dreckschänke in the Bohemian town of Breitenbach ). The success was great. Günther brought a not insignificant part of the income into a foundation in 1911 that supported the sick, old and poor in his hometown and shared in his success. It was called the Tolerhans Tonl Foundation .
Anton Günther experienced the First World War as an Austrian soldier on the Serbian front from the start. Due to an injury to his foot, he spent some time in a hospital in Chomutov . Then he was posted to military service. Günther returned to Gottesgab in the autumn of 1918. One of his brothers, Julius, did not survive the war, and Anton Günther also supported his brother's family.
One result of the First World War was the emergence of Czechoslovakia , which legally regulated the conditions of the national minorities, including millions of Sudeten Germans , in comparison to the Czechs and Slovaks. This hurt the native artist very much and also became the subject of his songs. As early as 1908, he responded to the national tensions that were already emerging at the time with the lyrics to the song “Deitsch on frei wolln mer sei!”.
Even after the war, the singer and entertainer Anton Günther remained popular, as did his songs. There were engagements in Berlin, Vienna and Dresden. Shellac records with recordings by the singer Anton Günther, who accompanied himself on the guitar, were very successful .
On June 5, 1936, on his 60th birthday, he received a special appreciation of his work during his lifetime. The highlight was the inauguration of the memorial stone still preserved today on the market square of Gottesgab. During this time, the folk singer did not allow himself to be captured by the up-and-coming German National Socialists and the NSDAP, despite their courtship, which should have been difficult for him because of some homeland-related similarities. Perhaps that is why Günther became increasingly melancholy . He took his own life on April 29, 1937. The burial took place on May 2, 1937 in the cemetery in Gottesgab.
Günther's family was expelled after the war ended in 1945 , leaving almost everything behind - including sheet music and drawings - and settling in nearby Oberwiesenthal . His wife Maria died there in 1958 without ever coming back to God's gift. Son Erwin Günther was in military service during the expulsion, later followed in his father's footsteps and became a dialect speaker in the folk art ensemble “Heiteres Erzgebirge” around Joachim Suss and the Caldarelli siblings . He played a key role in the compilation of his father's life's work, which Gerhard Heilfurth published in 1937.
Song postcards
Anton Günther is considered to be the founder of the song postcard, a postcard with simple notes, texts and his own lithographs. In 1895 he was the first to put a complete song (but still without notes) on a postcard. How many of these cards he brought among the people remains unclear. There is no exact list. Up to now unknown versions with songs, poems, sayings or Landsturm songs appear again and again. Almost all of the cards are numbered, but the assignment of digits was often confused, which is a particular challenge for those who love collecting, but makes a detailed catalog almost impossible. It can be assumed that there are around 160 cards with songs, poems and sayings by him. 134 are known in different versions. 86 are born after Irmgard Major. Günther (born August 21, 1918), Anton Günther's daughter, who lives in Frankfurt am Main, can be seen as a closed unit because, in addition to their own drawing, they also have text and music. In the meantime, at least 89 cards must be assumed, since more song cards have appeared in the meantime.
Anton Günther's first song postcard is “Drham is' drham”, a monochrome green lithograph without a number or publisher's name, just a “Ged. v. AG ". The map was created during Günther's apprenticeship as a lithographer in Prague in 1895. "Drham is' drham" was not Günther's first song. He also wrote “De Guttsgoh” in 1895, but did not add its own melody to this work, which he himself called his first song in one of his music books, and no postcard is known of it to this day.
In Prague evenings , Anton Günther performed the songs, "Drham is' drham" with particularly great success. Instead of copying it dozens of times on request, he published the song without notes, but with his own drawing, presumably on lithography stone at the end of 1895, and had it printed on 100 cards in the first edition.
Since the family in Gottesgab fought against poverty, Günther sent another edition of his - as he called them - "song postcards" to his homeland, which his father Johann Günther published there himself and together with his son Julius in his souvenir shop in Gottesgab and also from door to door. The second edition in 1897 comprised 500 copies. 1898 followed with Groshaner. (II) and swimmer magicians. (Number III) two more cards, five in 1900, and from 1901 also the first color lithographs with the notation that was mandatory from then on.
After his father's death at the end of November 1901, Anton Günther returned home and gradually brought out his “song postcards” under his name “Anton Günther's Selbstverlag, Gottesgab, Böhmen”. In 1937 the last card with the number 87 and the title "Ben Ahfang on ben End" (also "Bild dir nischt ei") appeared about 160 different cards.
Honors and aftermath
Grave, birthplace and home
In contrast to the graves of many other former German residents, his grave including the grave slab attached in 1937 has been preserved; his grandmother's grave is only a few meters away.
The house where he was born ("father's house") has collapsed and a Prague ski club is now located in his heavily modified home - but a plaque commemorates him.
Streets and squares
In the Ore Mountains and in the Vogtland, numerous squares and streets were named after Anton Günther. In 1995 the cross-border Anton-Günther-Weg - a hiking trail - was inaugurated and the memory of the folk poet lives on in his birthplace Gottesgab (museum, grave, memorial plaque on the house, restoration of the monument on the market square).
Memorial stones
Museums
Part of Anton Günther's estate has been in the Museum of Saxon Folk Art since 2011 . Another part of the estate has been on display since 2014 in Wiesenthaler K3 , the museum of the city of Kurort Oberwiesenthal .
Collection for political goals
His song “Deitsch on frei wolln mer sei!” Was valued by ethnic groups , in the Sudeten German Henlein movement and by the National Socialists . Some of his songs, which had thematized the homeland, mutated in the service of demonstratively völkisch and nationalistic reception to an aggressive avowal, to political-agitatory texts. In the GDR, Günther's work encountered reservations both with regard to the ideology of the people and the petty-bourgeois doctrine of contentment that appears in many of his texts. Nevertheless, Günther's songs were always present in the Ore Mountains. They were performed by various interpreters, including Günther's son Erwin Günther and the Caldarelli siblings . Some song postcards were reprinted and recordings of his songs were made. In the old Federal Republic, Günther's songs were part of the ritualized cultivation of tradition at meetings of the Sudeten German Landsmannschaft . After 1989, Günther received a consistently apolitical reception in the service of tourism in the Erzgebirge. In the meantime, he is being used again by nationalists for their political goals. Furthermore, it is his song “Deitsch on frei wolln mer sei!” That leads to controversial discussions about Günther's position.
Catalog raisonné
Songs
Listed in chronological order and primarily in Anton Günther's original spelling
|
|
claims
Hail to, heal to, A bit of sunshine, a Card game on Brandewei The noise in the forest is hot for me, that Erscht has to steal you, take care of you and plog, If I be menn Haisl steal the De Haamit needs men who are unadulterated, Let the people leave, it is not worth it, the |
Mog's fate aah play with us, the I'm kaa politician, Gelerter kaich aah net be, You shouldn't speak deitsch, 's horrible Lus is arbitslus. God gave you hate my Haamit, that Treideitschen greetings with heart and hand |
Between 1904 and 1930, Anton Günther wrote 42 stories in dialect, including: Ven Vugelstelln (1904), Der Schatten (1905), Ze ball geschossen ( 1907), Ven Paschn (1908), The Boot Heel (1910), Der Kolander (1912 ), Ve der Wogner Nann (1920), Judensklaven (1922), Der Wendelie (1923), Aus der Hongerzeit (1924) Guten Obnd (1925), In Cranzahl (1926), Ve der Mode (1928), Mognkatarrh (1929) , E good answer (1930), Anton Günther (1930).
Song postcards
Sound carrier
Cassettes and music CDs
A selection of the sound carriers since 1990 (LC = music cassette; CD = CD)
- Anton Günther: Drham is drham. With previously unpublished original recordings. LC 5543
- Anton Günther: Hello God, mei Arzgebirg , LC 9611 BTM GmbH
- Anton Günther: Songs that life wrote. Original historical recordings , LC 5543
- Anton Günther: singer of the Ore Mountains. Original recordings 1921–1931 , LC 9611
- Anton Günther: The Most Beautiful Songs Vol. 1 (Grüß Dich Gott, Mei Arzgebirg) .
- Anton Günther: The Most Beautiful Songs Vol. 2 (Es Laabn Is E Büchel) .
- Anton Günther: O happy Christmas time .
- Anton Günther: Toler Hans Tonl
Shellac records
The first shellac records with songs by Anton Günther appeared in 1907. They were put on by the Leipzig label Kalliope . The five songs (three records) “De Ufnbank”, “Bleibn mer noch e wing do!”, “De Drackschenk”, “Wu da forests rustle” and Grüß dich, mei Arzgebirg! were probably recorded by the Leipzig Crystal Palace Orchestra . On the records, however, only "Herrengesang mit Orchester" was noted. Until 1914, other records with this formation appeared.
From 1921 on, Anton Günther also recorded his own songs. Between 1921 and 1930 there were a total of 27 original Günther recordings and 45 shellac records with six record companies based in Berlin, as well as another 25 records with subsidiary labels. VOX preceded three records with a trumpet solo, and Anton Günther gave a short speech on two records. An autograph was pressed into the shellac on a VOX record (No. 3654).
- POLYPHON, Berlin, 1921
A total of 8 records with 16 titles
- Mei Vaterhaus / Da Ufnbank (23940) - Order number: 30542
- Feieromd (23943) / Mei Großmütterle (23947) - order number: 30545
- Wu de Walder hamlisch rauschen (23941) / Vergaß dei Hamit net (23946) - order number: 30546
- Da Draakschenk (23948) / Da falischa Politik (23951) - order number: 30547
- HOMOCORD, Berlin, 1925
A total of 5 records with 10 titles
- VOX, Berlin, 1927
A total of 6 records with 10 titles; (Crystal - 1 plate)
- Lindström, Berlin, 1928
A total of 5 plates with 10 titles (Beka - 5 plates; Odeon - 5 plates; Gloria - 1 plate)
- Da Uf'nbank (M14309) / Ven alt'n Schlog (M14326) Beka order number B.5142
- HOMOCORD, Berlin, 1929
A total of 7 records with 13 titles
- Mei Vaterhaus (M17864) / Da Ufnbank (M17866) - Order number: B. 1836
- Feieromd (M 17867) / Ven alt'n Schlog (M 17873) - Order number: B. 1838
- Da Draackschänk / Dr alta Musikant (M 17870) - order number: B. 1839
- HOMOCORD ELECTRO, Berlin, 1929
- Dr Kuckuck (C667D) / Da zwa Fink'n (C663D) number: 4-3082 / 193290
- GRAMMOPHONE, Berlin “Polyfar Series”, 1929
A total of 10 records with 18 titles: (Synopsis / order number at that time)
- Mei Vaterhaus / Da Ufnbank (P1 / 22158) - catalog number 46110/46111
- Da Draakschänk / Es Laab'n is e Büchel (P2 / 22159)
- Feieromd / Wu da forests utterly rustling (P3 / 22160)
- Deitsch on frei wolln mer be / Hello God, mei Arzgebirch (P4 / 22161)
- Snowshoe march / Stay aweng do (P5 / 22162)
- D'r old Hannelsmah / Mei grandmotherla (P6 / 22163)
- There fallic politics / There is no fashion (P7 / 22164)
- When it's early morning / D'r old musician (P8 / 22165)
- Arzgebirch, how are you shooting / Mei Zäsichla (P9 / 22166)
- Institute for Sound Research, Berlin, 1931
A total of 10 records with 18 tracks - (Audiophon - 4 records; Adler - 4 records; Rot-Gold - 3 records; Elton - 2 records)
- AUDIOPHONE blue electro
- Es Annel mit'n Kannel / De zwaa Finken - Order No: 6081
- Da Droakschänk / Da Uf'nbank - Order No: 6083
Overview of the sound carriers
- Printed receipts
- L = Anton Günther: A selection of his poems, songs, sayings and stories. Edited by Günther Hermann. Leipzig: VEB Friedrich Hofmeister, 1956.
- F = Gerhard Heilfurth. The Erzgebirge folk singer Anton Günther: life and work. 6th revised edition. Frankfurt am Main: Wolfgang Weidlich, 61962.
The numbers added indicate the page number.
- Compact discs
- D = drham is drham. (AVATON 921 482; Saxoniamusik Plauen)
- L = songs that life wrote (AVATON 920 892; Saxoniamusik Plauen)
- S = singer of the Ore Mountains (GLÜCK AUF 2501 - 2; BTM Berlin)
The numbers added indicate the number in the table of contents.
- Synopsis songs
Historical original recordings: Anton Günther sings and accompanies himself with the guitar, except in 2006 (singer Andreas Beck, guitar Robin Hermann). The suffixes A and B mean the front or back of the shellac records (P).
It's Annel mit'n Kannel | L 89 | F 149 | - | - | - | S 12 |
The Old Fatzer (2006) | L 94 | F 88 | - | D 16 | - | - |
D'r old Hannelsmah | L 92 | F 95 | P6A | - | L 12 | - |
D'r old musician | L 90 | F93 | P8B | - | L 5 | - |
Arzgebirch, how are you shooting | L 18 | F116 | P9A | D 4 | - | - |
Stay aweng do | L 121 | F 150 | P5B | - | L 16 | - |
Deitsch let me be free | - | F 114 | P4A | - | - | S 8 |
Da Draakschank | L 129 | F 190 | P2A | - | - | S 3 |
Drham is drham | L 15 | F 106 | - | D 2 | - | - |
There fall politics | - | - | P7A | - | - | S 6 |
Celebration | L 97 | F 74 | P3A | D 12 | - | S 15 |
Celebration March (2006) | L 119 | - | - | D 15 | - | - |
The border guard | - | - | - | D 9 | - | - |
Grooshaaner Song (2006) | L79 | F 75 | - | D 14 | - | - |
Howdy God, my Arzgebirch | L 9 | F 99 | P4B | - | - | S 10 |
The Cuckoo | L 23 | F 154 | - | - | L 6 | - |
Es Laab'n is e Büchel | L 68 | F 211 | P2B | - | L 9 | - |
My grandmotherla | L 87 | F 86 | P6B | - | - | S 13 |
My father's house | L 13 | F 110 | P1A | D 3 | - | S 9 |
Mei Zäsichla | L 58 | F 66 | P9B | - | L 10 | - |
There is no fashion | L 131 | F 203 | P7B | - | L 7 | - |
Snowshoe march | L 27 | - | P5A | - | L 15 | S 17 |
Because Ufnbank | L 119 | F 141 | P1B | - | L 14 | - |
Ven old Schlog | - | F 160 | - | - | - | S 5 |
Forget the Haamit net | L 8 | F 98 | - | D 6 | - | - |
Christmas peace | - | - | - | D 10 | - | - |
When it's early morning | - L 39 | F 42 | P8A | - | L 2 | - |
Woo the forests rustling | L 10 | F 100 | P3B | D 7 | - | S 1 |
The two finches | L 111 | F 122 | - | - | L 3 | - |
- Synopsis of the texts
De Guttsgoh is too old | L 30 | F 180 | - | - | - | P. 16 |
Old Seff was running hot beer | - | F 234 | - | - | - | S 4 |
It's best in whole state | - | F 211 | - | D 13 | - | - |
Kaa Lüftel blows su fresh un raa | L 137 | F 120 | - | D 5 | - | - |
Es Labn is när e Hutzengieh | L 140 | F 211 | - | D 11 | - | - |
Dearest Flackel | L 7 | F 105 | - | - | L 11 | - |
Whether poor or rich | - | F 96 | - | - | L 8 | - |
Of'n Barg I'm going | - | F 72 | - | - | - | S 14 |
Can do in summer | - | F 48 | - | - | L 13 | - |
Ve all the songs | L 142 | F 101 | - | - | L 4 | - |
When I stand with men Haisel | L 136 | F 119 | - | D1 | - | - |
How I was a big gong | L 96 | F 158 | - | - | - | S 11 |
Goes aa through onner Arzgebirch | - | F 189 | - | D 8 | - | - |
literature
- Anton Günther (Ed.): A baar Gedichtla from the Tolerhans Tonl. (= Erzgebirge dialect. Issue 1). 2nd Edition. Ant. Günthers Verlag, Gottesgab 1909, OCLC 699704004 .
- Anton Günther (Ed.): Forget the Hamit net! - Ant. Günther's songs from the Ore Mountains. Self-published, Gottesgab 1911, OCLC 250669499 .
- Anton Günther (Ed.): Forget the Hamit net! - Second issue. Leipzig: Verlag Friedrich Hofmeister , 1921.
- Max Wenzel (Ed.): Anton Günther, the singer of the Erzgebirge - His life and work. Landesverein Sächsischer Heimatschutz und Erzgebirgsverein , 1937 (without year in the work), printed by Liepsch & Reichhardt, Dresden.
- Franz Schmidl (Ed.) D'r Tolerhans-Tonl - The creator of the Erzgebirge song in words and pictures. Printing and publishing by Josef A. Endler, Weipert 1938.
- Gerhard Heilfurth (Ed.): Anton Günther. Complete edition of the lyrics, poems, sayings and stories. Glückauf, Schwarzenberg / Erzgebirge 1937.
- Günther Hermann (Ed.): Anton Günther: A selection of his poems, songs, sayings and stories. VEB Friedrich Hofmeister, Leipzig 1956.
- Gerhard Heilfurth (ed.): The Erzgebirge folk singer Anton Günther. Life and work. Wolfgang Weidlich, Frankfurt am Main 1962.
- Gerhard Heilfurth (Hrsg.): The Erzgebirge folk singer Anton Günther: life and work. Sachsenbuch, Leipzig 1994, ISBN 3-910148-89-1 .
- Hartmut Leitner (Ed.): Vergaß dei Hamit net - A contribution to the 70th anniversary of the death of the Erzgebirge folk singer Anton Günther. Mike Rockstroh printer & publisher, Aue 2007.
- Gotthard B. Schicker : The 'mortal sin' of Anton Günther - Some remarks on the suicide of the most famous songwriter in the Ore Mountains. In: Dicknischl - Erzgebirge people from then and now. Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft Marienberg, 2008, ISBN 978-3-931770-76-1 , pp. 105–117.
- Stefan Göbel (Ed.): Drham is drham. Songs from the Ore Mountains by Anton Günther. Verlagbuchhandlung S. Göbel, Leipzig 2007, ISBN 978-3-940203-00-7 (with his autobiography “How I came to my songs”).
- Manfred Günther, Lutz Walther: Anton Günther - freedom between borders. Altis-Verlag, Friedrichsthal 2011, ISBN 978-3-910195-64-6 .
Web links
- Literature by and about Anton Günther in the catalog of the German National Library
- Literature by and about Anton Günther in the Saxon Bibliography
- Website of the heirs of Anton Günther
- Dieter Herz: Günther, Anton . In: Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Saxon Biography .
- List of all song postcards from Anton Günther, the family tree of Anton Günther and everything about the Dreckschänke
- Anton Günther on the website of the Saxon State Library - State and University Library Dresden
Individual evidence
- ↑ Freiepresse.de
- ^ Anton Günther: How I got my songs. God gave 1911.
- ↑ Hartmut Leitner, Forget the Hamit net! 2007.
- ^ Anton Günther's song postcards, René Röder, 2009
- ^ Dresden State Art Collections - Christmas in the Jägerhof. (No longer available online.) In: www.skd.museum. Archived from the original on January 6, 2017 ; accessed on January 6, 2017 .
- ↑ 13 Jaegerhof Dresden. In: www.annaberger.info. Retrieved January 6, 2017 .
- ↑ Permanent and special exhibitions in Wiesenthaler K3. In: www.oberwiesenthal.de. Retrieved June 3, 2020 .
- ^ Dieter Herz: Günther, Anton . In: Institute for Saxon History and Folklore (Ed.): Saxon Biography .
- ↑ How the NPD is catching votes with Anton Günther . In: Freie Presse from September 6, 2013
- ↑ Benedikt Niessen: " Deitsch un Frei wolln mer sei" - what was this choreo of the Aue fans? In: Vice of November 25, 2015
- ↑ mediathek.slub-dresden.de
- ↑ D. Gebhardt, Munich (Hrsg.): Discography of the shellac records with ore. Recordings, The German National Discography, Series 1, Discography of German Cabaret, Volume 5, Bonn: Verlag B. Lotz, 1998.
- ↑ Hartmut Leitner: Forget the Hamit net. Aue: Verlag Mike Rockstroh, 2007, pp. 28-30.
personal data | |
---|---|
SURNAME | Günther, Anton |
ALTERNATIVE NAMES | Toler Hans Tonl |
BRIEF DESCRIPTION | German folk poet and singer from the Ore Mountains |
DATE OF BIRTH | June 5, 1876 |
PLACE OF BIRTH | God gave |
DATE OF DEATH | April 29, 1937 |
Place of death | God gave |