Buchholz (Annaberg-Buchholz)

Buchholz City of Annaberg-Buchholz
Coordinates: 50 ° 34 ′ 1 ″  N , 12 ° 59 ′ 46 ″  E
Height :	565 m above sea level NHN
Area :	4.05 km²
Residents :	3582  (Jun 30, 2011)
Population density :	884 inhabitants / km²
Incorporation :	January 1, 1949
Postal code :	09456
Area code :	03733
Location of Buchholz in Saxony

Buchholz is a former mountain town in the Saxon Ore Mountains , which was merged with Annaberg in 1949 to form the district town of Annaberg-Buchholz .

location

Buchholz is located about three kilometers southwest of the city center of Annaberg on a steep slope. The valley of the Sehma , which is deeply cut at this point, forms the border between Buchholz, west of it, and Annaberg, east of the river.

history

Cityscape around 1630 ( Wilhelm Dilich )

View over the roofs of Buchholz to St. Annen

Historical development

Since the division of Leipzig in 1485, the state border between the Ernest and Albertine Saxony ran in the valley of the Sehma . After mountain finds in Grünhain monastery area , another mining settlement was established below Annaberg in 1495, which was named St. Katharinenberg im Buchholz , from which the city name Buchholz later developed. Although the first privileges such as tax-free baking, slaughtering, brewing and gift giving were granted by Elector Friedrich the Wise in Wittenberg as early as 1501 , there were only 16 homeowners in the new town that year. The construction of the church began in 1504, followed by the construction of the school in 1511. The Buchholz mint was established in 1505 and merged with the Annaberger Mint in 1553 .

From 1505 to 1547, an electoral mountain bailiff and judges and scouts attached to him were responsible for the administration of the city. On April 19, 1507 Buchholz received an electoral mountain order. The construction of the Princely House began on the Buchholz market square that year (ended in 1509), and the mint was added here in 1511, which began operations in 1512. In 1512 the market square was completed, jurisdiction was granted, a weekly market was permitted (every Friday, from 1520 only on Saturdays) and a bell was installed in St. Catherine's Church. The church was consecrated in 1519 by the Meißner bishop von Schleinitz . Only after the Wittenberg surrender did Buchholz come to the Albertine part of Saxony. During the Reformation , the Sehma was the religious border between Protestant and Catholic areas. On June 24, 1524, close colleagues of Martin Luther preached Protestant for the first time in the Buchholz church. Friedrich Myconius , a monk from the Annaberg Franciscan Monastery , gave his second sermon here on July 2nd. Adam Ries (who published his arithmetic book Annaberger Coß in 1524 ) attended the evangelical church services in Buchholz and was therefore denounced to the Annaberg council.

In 1526, Buchholz consisted of about 300 houses, which were divided into the following (unpaved) districts and were supervised by district masters: Kirchenviertel, Münzviertel (including the market square), Habergässnerviertel (Frauen-, Silber and upper Schlettauer Straße), Langes Viertel (Karlsbader Straße and Brauhausstrasse).

The construction of the new town hall began in 1840 on the area of ​​the former princely and mint house on Buchholzer Marktplatz, where the city administration moved in in 1842. The Waldschlösschenbrücke was built in 1841 to improve the traffic connection between Annaberg and Buchholz. In 1852 a fire destroyed 31 houses and 32 outbuildings, leaving 344 people homeless. In the following year, on October 14th, the "Voluntary Fire Extinguishing and Rescue Society Buchholz" was founded.

The city seal showed Saint Catherine with a sword and a broken wheel, along with small beech trees and the mining scene that was decisive for the founding of the city. In terms of mining, however, Buchholz was always overshadowed by its more important neighboring town of Annaberg. The early mines include the Käsehans , the St. Apollonia mine , the St. Wenzel and the St. Andreas . In the 16th century, the population built an important economic pillar for themselves with lace making and trimmings . The importance of Buchholz was that craftsmen and traders settled there. However, the city was not granted a market day until 1520.

In 1620 and in the following years, many Bohemian exiles came, especially from Gottesgab and St. Joachimsthal . In the Thirty Years War , the city, which had no city wall, was badly devastated. In 1868, a manufacturing process for pearl fabric was invented in the city, which led to an economic boom as the Buchholz monopoly .

Already in the 1920s there were unsuccessful efforts on the part of the city council to merge the two cities and again in February 1939 through a letter from Annaberg 1st Mayor Max Dietze to the NSDAP ; However, the mayor of Buchholz, Horst Schimpf, opposed this. During the Second World War , Buchholz was hit by a bombing raid by the Royal Air Force on the night of February 14-15, 1945 . 127 apartments and the Church of St. Catherine were destroyed. A low-level aircraft attack on Buchholz station on April 20, 1945 claimed four lives. After the invasion of the Red Army , Major Nemow - the second city commandant of Annaberg - gave the order in 1945 to unite the two cities of Annaberg and Buchholz on July 1, 1945. The district administrator Karl Köglesperger, who was in office from May to October 1945, issued the relevant decree on June 30, following which the official amalgamation of the sister cities took place on July 1, 1945. It was not until January 1, 1949, with a resolution by the Saxon state government that the merger mandated by the SMAD was legally legitimized.

Population development

year population 1552 263 possessed men , 49 residents 1748 106 possessed man 1834 1424 1871 5247

year population 1890 7808 1910 9679 1925 8919 1939 8959

year population 1946 8067 2011 3582

Culture and sights

Buildings

St. Catherine's Church and Fire Station

• Church of St. Catherine
• Former town hall with market square and statue of the city founder Friedrich the Wise

Parks

• Waldschlösschenpark (construction started in 1893) Buchholz with Parkhotel, pond, park stage and Silberlandhalle (sport, a bronze bust of Chancellor Otto von Bismarck was erected here in 1895, melted down in 1942)

Churches and religious communities

• Church of St. Catherine
• Cemetery church
• Regional church community

traffic

In the valley of the Sehma the federal highway 101 runs between Annaberg in the east and Buchholz in the west . Since 1872 Buchholz has had two stops on the Vejprty – Annaberg-Buchholz railway line , on which the Erzgebirgsbahn to Chemnitz now operates, with the Buchholz station (since 1949: Annaberg-Buchholz Süd ) and the breakpoint (since 1949: Annaberg-Buchholz Mitte) . Trains on the Annaberg-Buchholz-Schwarzenberg railway branching off in Annaberg-Buchholz Süd also stopped at these stations between 1889 and 1997 . Since 2009, the Annaberg-Buchholz-Schwarzenberg route has been used on individual weekends in the summer as an Ore Mountains observation train for tourist excursions. The responsible railway company is the Verein Sächsischer Eisenbahnfreunde eV

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  Annaberg-Buchholz Süd station (2016)

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  Annaberg-Buchholz Mitte stop, direction Annaberg unt Bf (2016)

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  Annaberg-Buchholz Mitte stop (2016)

Personalities

sons and daughters of the town

• Andreas Starck (1552–1611), city doctor in Göttingen, Erfurt and Mühlhausen
• Johann Tobias Dressel (1687–1758), organ builder
• Carl Heinrich Meyer (1784–1837), violist and composer
• Friedrich Straumer (1840–1900), educator, local writer and conservative politician
• Paul Bräcklein (1882–1972) dialect poet (Buchholz national song )
• Gerhart Schreiter (1909–1974), stone, wood sculptor and metal sculptor
• Werner Gumpel (* 1930), professor emeritus for economics and society in Southeast Europe
• Johannes Schreiter (* 1930), painter, graphic artist and glass artist
• Hans Suess (1935–2009), GenLtn a. D. the NVA

Other personalities

• Tobias Dressel (1635–1717), organ builder and city judge
• Christian Meltzer (1655–1733) was pastor in Buchholz for 46 years and wrote an important Buchholz chronicle
• Carl Ackermann (1790-1859), publisher
• Moritz Heinrich Rosenhauer (1803–1888), Protestant pastor (1856–1880 in Buchholz) and politician
• Heinrich Theodor Koch (1822–1898), lawyer and mayor in Buchholz, member of the Reichstag, member of the state parliament
• Emil Richard Wagner (1871–1950), composer, church music director in Buchholz

literature

• Christian Meltzer : Historical description of the St. Catharinenberg in Buchholz. Annaberg undated (1929)
• Friedrich Wilhelm Köhler : Brief Reformation and Church History of the Chursächsischen mountain town of St. Catharinenberg in Buchholz in the Meissnischen Obererzgebürge. Chemnitz: Stößel, 1781. ( digitized version )
• From Annaberg to Oberwiesenthal (= values ​​of the German homeland . Volume 13). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1968, pp. 41–50.
• Rudolf Nicolai: 450 years of Buchholz and his church. Forays through the history of the Upper Ore Mountains. Issue 39. Annaberg-Buchholz 2000. (PDF; 201 kB) ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
• Joachim Reim: Buchholz history and stories. Written down and compiled for the 500th anniversary of the city of Buchholz in 2001. Issue 1. Forays through the history of the Upper Ore Mountains. Issue 34. Annaberg-Buchholz 1999. (PDF; 376 kB) ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
• Joachim Reim: Buchholz history and stories. Written down and compiled for the 500th anniversary of the city of Buchholz in 2001. Issue 2. Forays through the history of the Upper Ore Mountains. Issue 35. Annaberg-Buchholz 2000. (PDF; 665 kB) ( Memento from July 19, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
• Richard Steche : Buchholz. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 4th booklet: Official Authority Annaberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1885, p. 54.
• Buchholz in: Max Grohmann : The Upper Ore Mountains and its cities. P. 1–36 of Chapter 4, Graser, Annaberg 1903

Web links

Commons : Buchholz  - collection of images, videos and audio files

Wikisource: Buchholtz in the Topographia Superioris Saxoniae (Matthäus Merian)  - sources and full texts

• Buchholz at www.annaberg-buchholz.de
• Buchholz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
• Literature about Buchholz in the Saxon Bibliography

Individual evidence

1. ^ Paul Arnold: Walter Haupt and his "Saxon Coin Studies" . In numismatic notebooks. No. 20, Dresden 1986, p. 56.
2. ↑ cf. Buchholz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
3. ↑ Free Press, local edition Annaberg v. July 16, 2011, p. 10.
4. ^ Association of Sächsischer Eisenbahnfreunde e. V .: Erzgebirgische Aussichtsbahn ( Memento of the original from March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.