Zwönitz
| coat of arms | Germany map | |
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Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ' N , 12 ° 49' E |
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| Basic data | ||
| State : | Saxony | |
| County : | Erzgebirgskreis | |
| Management Community : | Zwönitz | |
| Height : | 550 m above sea level NHN | |
| Area : | 64.24 km 2 | |
| Residents: | 11,927 (Dec. 31, 2019) | |
| Population density : | 186 inhabitants per km 2 | |
| Postal code : | 08297 | |
| Area code : | 037754 | |
| License plate : | ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP | |
| Community key : | 14 5 21 710 | |
| LOCODE : | DE ZWZ | |
| City structure: | 7 districts | |
City administration address : |
Markt 6 08297 Zwönitz |
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| Website : | ||
| Mayor : | Wolfgang Triebert ( CDU ) | |
| Location of the city of Zwönitz in the Erzgebirge district | ||
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Zwönitz is a mountain town in the Saxon Erzgebirgskreis . Together with Elterlein , it forms the Zwönitz administrative community based in Zwönitz.
geography
Geographical location
The city is located in the Middle Ore Mountains in the Geyerschen Forest , about 25 km as the crow flies southwest of Chemnitz at the source of the Zwönitzbach . It is around 30 km to the border with the Czech Republic . The highest point in the city area is 653 m (Ziegenberg), the lowest point 485 m above sea level. NN.
After the last incorporation on January 1, 2013, the urban area extends over an area of around 64 km².
City structure
In addition to the city center, Zwönitz has the following districts:
Neighboring communities
- North: Stollberg , Thalheim , Gornsdorf
- East: Auerbach , Thum , Geyer
- South: Elterlein , Grünhain
- West: Lößnitz
climate
The annual precipitation is 964 mm. The precipitation is in the upper third of the measuring points of the German Weather Service . Over 83% indicate lower values. The driest month is October; it rains most in June. In the wettest month there is around 1.7 times more rain than in the driest month. The seasonal fluctuations in precipitation are in the upper third. In 73% of all places, the monthly precipitation fluctuates less.
history
The Sorbs of Slavic origin settled the Zwönitz Valley . The place name is also derived from the Old Sorbian name Zvonica or Zvenica (from zveneti , meaning tönen, tosen) for the stream that flows through the valley. The first German settlement in the form of a forest hoof system on the lower reaches of the Kühnhaider Water probably took place towards the end of the 12th century at the earliest, mostly by Franks. Since at least 1286 the place has been owned by the Grünhain Monastery and previously belonged to the Stollberg rule . Zwönitz received city rights around 1300 , and market rights followed in 1545.
Mining was practiced here as early as the 15th century; mainly iron ore was mined. For this reason Zwönitz was given the name Bergstadt with tax privileges.
Niederzwönitz became Albertine in 1485 through the partition of Leipzig and was subject to the ducal rule of Stollberg , while Zwönitz became Ernestine electoral . This state border existed until 1547. While the Lutheran church visitation took place in Zwönitz in 1529, Niederzwönitz had to wait until 1540 until George the Bearded , who was of old faith, closed his eyes and his brother Heinrich also introduced the Reformation in Albertine Saxony.
The Zwönitz School was a church institution in the Middle Ages and has remained until the modern age. The school provided mainly church services, in which a Catholic sexton and cleric initially gave lessons, including learning the Latin language and choral singing. After the church burned down for the first time in 1450, the Zwönitzer Küsterei was built on today's diaconal garden between the church and the former Stern inn on the Zwönitzer Markt. The small-town Latin school in this garden was so good that some of its students were able to attend the University of Leipzig and, after the Reformation, the University of Wittenberg . The citizens had to pay the sexton a groschen for his work and each housemate half a groschen. He also received 6 pfennigs for Michaelmas, 3 pfennigs on Christmas Eve and two pfennigs on Maundy Thursday from the residents. In 1554 each student paid 3 pfennigs a week to the schoolmaster.
The Zwönitz judges were appointed by the Grünhain monastery (office) and were not accountable to the city of Zwönitz. Due to the Schmalkaldic War , a muster took place in the spring of 1546. On July 31, 1546, all “official persons” (e.g. judges) were assembled in Aue, where they received the necessary instructions for emergencies. In October 1546, the war situation in the region came to a head, as the border to the enemy was now very close between Niederzwönitz and Zwönitz. Thereupon, on October 29, 1546, the bailiff of Grünhain quickly inspected 2,500 men from the Annaberg area and from the former Grünhain monastery area. Nevertheless, on October 30, 1546, Duke Moritz, who was in the Niederzwönitz area, advanced further, crossed the border to Zwönitz and a few days later was in Grünhain. Since Schwarzenberg refused to hand it over, Duke Moritz initially had to leave for Zwickau without having achieved anything.
Elector Johann Friedrich I briefly recaptured his lost territories until he was captured in April 1547 in the Battle of Mühlberg . With the victory, the monastery region, and thus also Zwönitz, fell to Duke Moritz. He did not treat people who had stood by his cousin very lightly. Among other things, mayors, judges and poppers, even if they were only elector based on their evangelical convictions, were dismissed from their office, and other people were expropriated for the same reason. Zwönitz was hit hard by the armed conflicts, arson and looting.
Until 1573, the Zwönitz sexton, schoolmaster, court clerk and town clerk were still in one person. Since then, there has been a separation between sexton and schoolmaster on the one hand and court clerk and town clerk on the other, because the Zwönitz clerk also acted as clerk in the villages of Kühnhaide, Dittersdorf, Günsdorf and the electoral part of Lenkersdorf and "had to write their purchases and deals" to the residents.
When the beginning of the Thirty Years' War became apparent, the city of Zwönitz was reminded by the elector in 1605 that in the event of war it and its villages had to provide and maintain an army car, namely the following seven parties: "Khinhayda alone, Tittersdorff and Lenkersdorff, Bernstbach, Beyerfeldt and Wildenawe, Raschow alone, Undterscheibe and Schwarzbach, Hormersdorf alone, Stedtlein Zwenitz and Günsdorff ”. Although this duty had been imposed on the places for about a century, it was visibly neglected due to the long period of peace and growing prosperity. It was a kind of baggage car made of wood with iron fittings. The car body was covered with a tarpaulin held in place by means of large rings. On the car body hung several lockable boxes and: " A hook bush and dobey a hoe, two scaffolds, two Grabescheydt, two Flegell, two Eyszen and several Hufeyßen with born nails, necessary spikes and under some wagons an attached board and everything else in the field alszo Wohlgerust belonging to Wagenburgk, Streit and Ernste ”.
This car had been in a shed unnoticed for 20 years and was in an unusable condition. So a new car had to be built, and all towns and cities contributed to the costs. A total of 25 people had to be fed on two consecutive visits to the car. In addition, more and more samples (army shows) to determine the defensive strength of the country in Grünhain, and later in Chemnitz, were held, sometimes even several times a year. This resulted in very high costs for Zwönitz, which the parties (e.g. Dittersdorf) then had to pay proportionally, albeit often only after many reminders.
In the middle of the Thirty Years' War, the plague broke out on June 27, 1640 in what is now Kühnhaide. Several farms died out completely. In 1640, 28 people died of the plague in Zwönitz, 10 in Lenkersdorf, 52 in Kühnhaide and 53 in Dorfchemnitz. It has been proven that the plague also occurred in the region in 1568, 1572, 1577, 1585 and 1598. There is no knowledge from the centuries before. The plague last occurred in Zwönitz in 1680, and since 1713 it has completely disappeared from the Ore Mountains. However, there have never been as many deaths from the plague as in 1640.
In 1873 construction work began on the Chemnitz-Zwönitz-Lößnitz-Aue-Adorf railway line , which opened on November 15, 1875. In 1890 August Bebel came to the city for the opening of the election campaign . In 1891 the school and church affiliation of the community of Dittersdorf changed from Zwönitz to Lößnitz, but another source says: "Around 1870 all of Lenkersdorf was parished to Zwönitz, but all of Dittersdorf to Lößnitz".
In 1889 the Zwönitz - Stollberg railway was opened. In 1900, the Zwönitz – Scheibenberg railway line opened via Elterlein. The line was a victim of World War II and was dismantled in the summer of 1947 as a reparation object for the occupying forces. 1906–1907 the Royal Saxon District Court was established. The preserved building on Heinrich-Heine-Straße housed a middle school (1941–1945), a vocational school (from 1952), a polytechnic high school (1958–1990) and, since 1991, the “Katharina Peters” middle school. The building was expanded in 2013 by adding a functional sports hall and classroom extension.
At the end of the Second World War, the Stollberg citizen Gerta Uhlig hoisted a white flag in order to end the fighting and was murdered by SS men in the forest on the road from Zwönitz to Hoheneck. Today there is a small memorial on the site.
From 1875 to 1910, Zwönitz was part of the Chemnitz Office , then to the Stollberg Office until 1950 . After the Stollberg district was dissolved in 1950, Zwönitz and the towns of Niederzwönitz, Kühnhaide and Lenkersdorf became part of the Aue district . After the district reform in 1994 , Zwönitz, along with the districts that had previously belonged to the Aue district, decided not to remain in the new Aue-Schwarzenberg district , but again in the Stollberg district .
Memorials
- Memorial cross in the Holy Wood (Brünlos Forest)
In memory of a courageous woman who paid for the hoisting of the white flag in April 1945 with her death.
- German Unity Square
Two original parts of the Berlin Wall commemorate the German reunification in 1989/90. There is also a sculpture for those who died in the wars of unification from the 19th century. This war memorial was dismantled after the Second World War and rebuilt after 2000 based on the original.
- War grave in the Trinitatisfriedhof
There you will find a newly designed gravestone with three strange-sounding names engraved on it. They belong to men from the former Soviet Union, who found their final resting place here next to an unknown girl. Presumably they were forced laborers, as the time of their death - 1941 and 1942 - suggests. Nothing is currently known about her work or the exact circumstances of her death. The grave stands in a quiet, sheltered place and is still tended regularly by the community to this day.
- Anton Günther Corner in the Vorderen Aue
- Miners' memorial on the outskirts of Kühnhaide
Incorporations
- Niederzwönitz was incorporated on April 1, 1934.
- Lenkersdorf was the second place to be incorporated on April 1, 1952.
- Kühnhaide joined on October 1, 1961.
- Dorfchemnitz was incorporated on January 1, 1998.
- Günsdorf (outsourced from Hormersdorf) followed on January 1st in 1999
- Brünlos followed in 1999 on November 1st.
- On January 1, 2013, Hormersdorf was incorporated into Zwönitz.
Population development
Development of the population (from 1960 December 31) :
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As of 01.01.16, a total of 7,033 inhabitants live in the actual city area, 2,620 of them in the old town and 4,413 in Niederzwönitz.
Data source before 1990: Council files archive
Data source from 1990: State Statistical Office Saxony with territorial status January 2007
1) 29 October
2) 31 August
politics
City council
Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 26 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:
mayor
Uwe Schneider (CDU) 1990-2008
- June 10, 2001 - 98.8% of the votes cast, voter turnout 58.7%, invalid votes 4.6% - without opposing candidates
- June 12, 1994 - 99.2% of the votes cast - no opposing candidates
Wolfgang Triebert (CDU), since 2008
- In the mayoral election on June 8, 2008, the only applicant Wolfgang Triebert (* 1969) was elected mayor with 93.8% of the vote. The turnout was 50.5%, with 13.8% of the votes invalid. Triebert took office on August 1, 2008, replacing his predecessor Uwe Schneider (CDU), who had run the city since 1990.
- In the mayoral election on June 7, 2015, Wolfgang Triebert (CDU) was re-elected mayor with 57.3% of the vote. The two opposing candidates Heike Oelschlägel (DIE LINKE, 26.6%) and Ingolf Leubner (AfD, 16.1%) ensured the first Zwönitz mayoral election after 1990 with more than one candidate. The turnout was 49.4%, with 2.0% of the votes invalid.
coat of arms
Blazon: A blue parakeet on a green mountain in a golden shield.
History of the unusual coat of arms: The oldest seal still in existence dates from 1543 and is in the Weimar City Archives. This already shows a parakeet on a mountain of three. An African blue ring-necked parakeet (Psittacula krameri) can be seen in later depictions . It is due to the Cistercian monastery Grünhain . Abbot Brüning of the Buch monastery founded the Grünhain monastery with eight other monks from the mother monastery Sittichenbach . The monastery coat of arms there showed two parakeets as early as 1362.
Town twinning
- 1990: Heiligenhaus (North Rhine-Westphalia)
- 1990: Puschendorf (Bavaria)
- 1994: Kopřivnice (Czech Republic)
- 1995: Magyarpolány (Hungary)
- 2001: Myszków (Poland)
Land consolidation
By resolution of April 19, 2000, the land consolidation proceedings Niederzwönitz (procedural area: parts of the Niederzwönitz, Zwönitz and Dorfchemnitz districts) and Kühnhaide-Lenkersdorf (procedural area: parts of the Kühnhaide, Lenkersdorf and Zwönitz districts) were ordered. Land consolidation procedures are in preparation for the districts of Brünlos, Dorfchemnitz and Günsdorf.
Culture and sights
- see also: List of cultural monuments in Zwönitz
Museums
_Pauckner-Stolln_(1).jpg)
- The Niederzwönitz paper mill on the Köhlerberg is one of the most important technical museums in the Ore Mountains. It was first mentioned in a document in 1568. Here the paper workers used rags and rags to make handmade paper . Industrialization in the 19th century led to a change in the range towards hard and gray cardboard for furniture and packaging. The historic facilities were shut down in 1973 due to inefficiency. The subsequent restoration led to the conversion in the paper museum. With its spherical cookers, pan mills, dutchers, presses and rolling mills, which are driven by motors via transmission belts, the facility is considered the oldest still functioning paper mill in Germany.
- The Knochenstampfe in the district Dorfchemnitz is the only preserved throughout Erzgebirgsraum bone mill . It is located in a former farm. Attractions include a water-wheel driven pounding machine, which was used to crush animal bones into fertilizer, and a stone oven from 1585. The exhibition rooms show life and work in the region in the 17th century. Other parts of the exhibition are dedicated to Baron Samuel von Pufendorf or show a collection of functional mechanical Christmas mountains .
- In a well-preserved and modernized villa in the style of neoclassicism (named Austel-Villa after its former owner), the rarity collection of the Zwönitz honorary citizen Bruno Gebhardt (1894–1975) with exhibits from over 60 specialist areas such as insects, fossils, minerals, mechanical music devices, Watches, weapons, orders and medals, folk art and everyday objects are shown. The coins, postage stamps, porcelain figurines, pipes, bags or furniture are worth a detailed look and transport visitors back to the early years of the 20th century.
- Pauckner-Stolln in Kühnhaide
Churches
- The Evangelical Trinity Church (Zwönitz)
The baroque , single-nave Trinity Church was rebuilt from 1688 to 1692 after a city fire. The baroque interior is enriched with a Bornkinnel at Christmas time . The colorfully painted, baroque figure from 1688, adorned with a red velvet dress, stands on a ball decorated with stars and carries a globe with an erected cross in her left hand.
- The Catholic Church of St. Peter and Paul (Zwönitz)
The groundbreaking ceremony for the parish church of St. Peter and Paul and the parish center took place on September 18, 1993 by Bishop Joachim Reinelt. The foundation stone was laid on October 20 and consecrated by the then Dean Claus Vollmeyer. The topping-out ceremony was celebrated on February 4, 1994. On May 23, 1994, the parish church with the community center was consecrated by Bishop Joachim Reinelt. In addition to the church, the parish office, apartments and sanitary rooms are housed in the north wing, and parish, teaching and leisure rooms in the south wing. A wooden hexagonal dome covers the altar and church space and is thus a symbol of God's tent on earth.
- The Ev.-Meth. Friedenskirche (Zwönitz)
On September 11, 1926, the groundbreaking ceremony for the church took place. On January 30, 1927, the inauguration of the Friedenskirche could be celebrated. Extensive renovation measures were carried out in 1991/92 under the direction of Johannes König.
- The Catholic St. Anne's Chapel (Zwönitz)
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In 1613, the personal physician of the Bishop of Bamberg, Henning Scheunemann , reported that, according to the story of Peter Richter from Zwönitz, in the headwaters of the healing springs (later "Guter Brunnen"), on Niederzwönitz corridor, a chapel in honor of St. Anna would have been built earlier . which collapsed due to a storm around 1550. Scheunemann saw the foundation walls and many roof tiles from them. Chroniclers also report that thousands of pilgrims visited the fountain in the pre-Reformation period. In 1997/98 the city of Zwönitz had the St. Anne's Chapel rebuilt in an ABM and transferred it to the Catholic parish. On St. Annentag 1998, July 26th, the chapel was consecrated by the auxiliary bishop of the diocese of Meißen / Dresden .
- The Ev.-Luth. St. Johannis Church ( Niederzwönitz )
The foundation stone for the new construction of the St. Johannis Church was laid on May 2, 1789, and the consecration took place in 1793. At that time, no tower could be built because the financial resources had been used up. The construction costs up to this point amounted to 5361 Reichstaler. Only an extensive "pfennig collection" from 1819 to 1821 made this project possible. The tower was completed in July 1821. As early as 1802, the old church clock was hung back in the unfinished tower. At the beginning of the 19th century, the Handbook of Topography of Saxony ruled: "The church building is one of the most excellent in the country". The parish Niederzwönitz has always belonged to the St. Blasius Church, in which previously three times a year (Sunday after New Year, Quasimodogeniti, Trinity) services and Lord's Supper were held.
Peal
The chime consists of five chill cast steel bells, the bell frame is made of oak wood, the bell yokes are made of steel, cranked The following is an overview of the bell data:
| No. | Casting date | Caster | diameter | Dimensions | Chime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1949 | Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann | 1840 mm | 2835 kg | of |
| 2 | 1949 | Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann | 1430 mm | 1288 kg | f´ |
| 3 | 1949 | Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann | 1200 mm | 752 kg | as' |
| 4th | 1908 | Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann | 1050 mm | 520 kg | b´ |
| 5 | 1908 | Bell foundry Bochumer Verein | 680 mm | 145 kg | f´´ |
- The Ev.-Luth. St. Blasius Church ( Niederzwönitz )
The stone enclosing walls probably had to be partially renewed in 1483 (first the church was made of wood) and in 1668 the upper part of the church had to be repaired. From 1707, the dilapidated church was completely redesigned. The tower and roof were rebuilt, the so-called “peasant baroque” interior was completed in 1712. A contemporary depiction describes the church as "stone with a slate roof - the ceiling, pulpit and choirs are painted blue [...] here preaching is only done 3 times a year and at funerals". In later times a lot was painted over. The last renovation took place in 1899. Master Peter Breuer from Zwickau created a Gothic St. Mary's altar around 1515 for the St. Blasius Church . As a whole, however, he was only a few years in church. The middle part of the altar went to Neudorf near Annaberg in 1567 by order of the elector. The blast remained in St. Blasius until 1899. An altarpiece that had been in the church since 1650 was also given to the church in Hormersdorf.
Peal
The bell consists of two chill cast steel bells, the bell frame is made of oak, the bell yokes are made of steel, cranked The following is an overview of the bell data:
| No. | Casting date | Caster | diameter | Dimensions | Chime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1921 | Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann | 800 mm | 285 kg | H |
| 2 | 1973 | Bell foundry Schilling & Lattermann | 650 mm | 170 kg | d´´ |
- The Ev.-Luth. Dorfchemnitz Church ( Dorfchemnitz )
In 1879 the church statistics for Saxony wrote: "The church built before the Reformation is small and gloomy, a new building is highly desirable". In fact, a new building was built in 1892/93. The old church was demolished in August 1892, the consecration of the new church, built according to plans by the Dresden architect Christian Gottfried Schramm, took place on November 13, 1893. The organ, which was reworked in 1949 and 1953, also dates from this year. In 1906 the church received steam heating, and in 1911 electrical lighting. The church has largely retained its appearance to this day.
- The Ev.-Luth. Brünlos Church ( Brünlos )
The church in Brünlos is a special case insofar as it was connected to the mother church in Stollberg for many centuries . A pre-Reformation church building, the origin of which cannot be precisely determined, underwent a fundamental renovation around 1660, the same thing happened again in 1833. "Sachsens Kirchengalerie" (1841) only notes the daughter relationship with Stollberg about the church at Brünlos and one as special equipment stone altar and two pewter candlesticks. After a tough struggle, Brünlos was granted the status of its own parish at the beginning of 1893. As a subsidiary church, Brünlos had so far been without its own pastorate; the preaching office had been taken over by the Stollberg deacon. The outer shape of the Brünlos Church represents the typical Erzgebirge village church with a massive tower in the shape of a ridge. The church tower underwent a general overhaul in 1995. At the same time, the old steel bell from 1921 was replaced by a smaller and lighter bronze bell. The steel bells went to various Lithuanian parishes, where they still ring today. Probably the most valuable pieces of the interior are two altar figures from around 1400. According to widespread opinion, they embody Mary and Joseph. The appearance of the Joseph figure is strongly reminiscent of a monk, which suggests a connection to Grünhain Monastery. In addition, there is a baptismal font that has not yet been precisely dated (around 1600).
Peal
The bell consists of three bronze bells, the bell cage is made of oak and was renewed in 1996, as was the yoke. The following is a data overview of the bell:
| No. | Casting date | Caster | diameter | Dimensions | Chime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1996 | Bell foundry Lauchhammer | 807 mm | 307 kg | b´ |
| 2 | 1996 | Bell foundry Lauchhammer | 662 mm | 170 kg | d´´ |
| 3 | 1996 | Bell foundry Lauchhammer | 549 mm | 97 kg | f´´ |
- The Ev.-Luth. Hormersdorf Church ( Hormersdorf )
It is not known when the church was built. The oldest part of it was probably created when the town was founded. It can be assumed that it was built at the end of the 13th century. Probably the first church in the village was just a small wooden path chapel. Later, probably in the 14th or 15th century, the church was built with its baroque ridge turret , which is still standing today. In the Middle Ages, it and the churchyard were surrounded by a thick circular wall with an entrance tower. The whole complex had the character of a fortified church . It was probably dedicated to St. Jerome (portrait on the upper rear gallery). Part of this wall is still standing. The current sacristy belongs to the oldest part of the church. An old pouring stone comes from the pre-Reformation period. Also in the sacristy is a wooden torso from the 12th or 13th century - the body of the crucified. In the past, the rest of the wine from the Lord's Supper was poured into it. During renovations in 1827, a former "Weihkesselstein" was found, which was then converted into a font. The pewter baptismal bowl contains the year 1732. It was donated after the previous one with the candlesticks and all the sacrament implements had been stolen. The hood on the font was made in 1962. There used to be a carved baptismal angel hanging in the church. Since Christmas 2002, an angel of annunciation created by carvers has adorned the lid of the baptismal font for the festival. The current organ comes from the Voigt / Bad Liebenwerda company. The prospectus comes from a former Steinmüller organ (organ builder from Grünhain) from 1830. In 1915 a factory organ from the Eule company came into the church.
Peal
The bell consists of three bronze bells, the bell cage is made of steel, the bell yokes are made of steel, cranked The following is an overview of the bell data:
| No. | Casting date | Caster | diameter | Dimensions | Chime |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | 1904 | Bell foundry CA Bierling | 965 mm | 480 kg | as' |
| 2 | 1949 | Bell foundry S. Schilling | 755 mm | 260 kg | c´´ |
| 3 | 1898 | Bell foundry Gebr. Jauck | 650 mm | 140 kg | it |
Post mileage
In the middle of the market square is a Saxon postal distance column , which was made of Greifenstein granite in 1727 and erected in 1728. In the 20th century, a piece of the coat of arms was reproduced from Elbe sandstone (original: Niederschöna sandstone ). In addition, replicas of a Saxon quarter milestone , a half mile pillar in Electoral Saxony and a full mile pillar in Electoral Saxony were set up in Zwönitz not far from the original locations on the old Poststrasse from Chemnitz to Schwarzenberg .
Hotel Ross
The Hotel Roß was built in 1537 and owes its current appearance to the renovation work carried out in 1943. The operator advertises with the slogan “Saxony's oldest inn”. On its massive ground floor rests a half-timbered upper floor adorned with curved St. Andrew's crosses with two-story window arrangement facing the market and a hipped, slate-covered mansard roof . In 1986 the inn was used under the name “Zur Sonne” as a backdrop in the film Das Buschgespenst , the first GDR film adaptation of a Karl May novel.
Villa Austel and Austelpark
- Austelvilla
The villa was built in the neoclassic style in the years 1885/86 by Gustav-Friedrich Austel (1818-1891) and his wife Ida-Franziska Austel, née. Woller (1831-1909). The Austel family was an old, wealthy and respected farming family in the then independent community of Niederzwönitz. They let the poorer population benefit from part of their wealth in the form of legacies . After the Second World War, the Russian city command was temporarily housed in the villa. Until the 1950s, WF Ullrich, a descendant of the Austel family, practiced on the floor of the villa, which has been a restaurant since 1993. In the GDR , the villa was first used as an office building and later as an apprentice dormitory for the local LPG . Since the reunification, after it was returned to the city administration, the interior and exterior areas have been extensively renovated.
- Austelpark
The park is said to have been designed even before the Austelvilla was built. In 1848 the Donatsbusch is mentioned in the archives, which suggests that there were trees there. The park was built in the style of the English Garden and was characterized by countless high-quality sculptures, pavilions, grottos and ironwork. Due to the presence of many old trees with caves and dead wood, the diverse stock of trees in the Austelpark is one of the most species-rich and ecologically valuable in Zwönitz and its surroundings. During the Second World War and the GDR, the park lost its valuable sculptures made of natural stone and metal and its landscape architecture, such as pavilions. The park was placed under nature protection in 1977. From 1990 the park was renewed based on the original English style. Paths were laid out, benches were set up, a grotto, a bastion, pavilions and an apiary were built. The original sculptures and landscape elements were neither found nor originally reconstructed.
Fronveste
On 27 June 2009, the replica of a was Fronveste inaugurated as the accommodation Zwönitzer night watchman near the Austelvilla.
Bad good fountain
For a long time, the facility at the Guten Brunnen in Niederzwönitz was referred to as the "bath" because it offered a bathing establishment with catering. Several healing springs emerge from the historical source area near Zwönitz. In 1819 a new bath house with 10 cells and 11 tubs was built especially for the bathing facility, which was used as a mineral and radium bath until 1949. The number of spa guests from 1902 to 1916 is given as 90 to 156. In 1951 there were still 87 spa guests. In the course of time, uniform and stricter guidelines had become established in Germany, which stipulated the necessary quantities of minerals for medicinal springs. Unfortunately, the sources of the Guten Fountain did not comply with these guidelines, whereupon the district administrator of Stollberg declared in 1941 that the designation "bath" can no longer be maintained. The designation “ Radiumbad Guter Brunnen” was also prohibited on labels. The following buildings belonged to the "Bad Guter Brunnen" ensemble:
- an inn
- a bathhouse (1819–1998)
- a water house
- Outbuildings (stable, barn and shed)
Today the entire facility lies idle. On October 18, 1984, the entire area was declared a natural monument by resolution . The facility was of particular importance in the history of baths in Saxony. To this day it is managed and cared for in a nature conservation way and is home to a number of endangered plant and animal species as well as specially protected biotopes. The Gute Brunnen, the Anna Brunnen, the Krätzbrunnen and the Augenbrunnen still give off weakly radioactive spring water, which flows unused into the nearby Wernsbach. The first two sources and the radium spring were renovated and redesigned by an ABM at the end of the 20th century.
tourism
In addition to the then famous medicinal spring of the Bad Guten Brunnes in Niederzwönitz (mineral and radium bath), which sick people and those seeking recovery came to see, the mountain town of Zwönitz only experienced a number of tourists late. Initially, the scenic features in the vicinity of the city, such as the mirror forest , the Greifensteine or the large pond, attracted visitors. The Zwönitz offshoot of the Erzgebirgsverein (Ore Mountains Association) has been the main reason for tourism in the city since it was founded in 1882. In 1937, Zwönitz was designated a tourist municipality by law . From 1935 to 1938 the number of overnight stays increased sixfold. After the war, the burgeoning tourism came to a standstill and during the GDR era no focus was placed on tourism in urban development.
Erzgebirge folk art
With the decline of mining in the Ore Mountains, wood handicrafts also appeared in Zwönitz. The love of the Ore Mountains for wood becomes most evident during a visit during Christmas time. Countless candle arches light up the windows, turned nutcrackers and smokers decorate the apartments in hosts. The great pyramid on the market square enchants young and old every year. Numerous artists offer their works for sale.
Zwäntzer Hutzentage
Zwönitz advertises "... that the Erzgebirge Christmas begins and ends in Zwönitz!". The first time since 1990 celebrated festivals of Ahlichtelns on Friday before the first Advent - the municipal Christmas lights will be switched solemnly by the reputation of the mayor - with the subsequent Zwäntzer Hutzentagen and the Candlemas on February 2 (since 2000) invite visitors to Erzgebirge Christmas time a.
Revival of the night watchman guild
As old writings from the Zwönitz city archive attest, the tradition of the night watchman can be traced back to the year 1650. After a devastating fire on May 21, 1687, which destroyed almost the entire city (church, town hall, school, 143 town houses and some farms), the council at that time decided to swear in a night watchman and to impose fixed duties on him. Every evening from 9 p.m. to 3 a.m., the guard made his rounds and called out the time in 19 places. In addition to preventive fire protection, his duties included the enforcement of peace and order and supervision of the "jump and pleasure rooms". In 1872 the job title "night watchman" was modified and the night police officer was created. later the gendarme / police officer. The nightly patrol was still officially regulated. The night watchman, reappointed on October 18, 1997, serves to stimulate tourism. With the revival of the night watchman tradition, Zwönitz became a member of the European night watchman and gatekeeper guild. Every Friday and Saturday evening from September to June the night watchmen can be found on their tour through the city center and in the restaurants.
Economy and Infrastructure
Industry
The largest children's and youth shoe factory in Germany, A. Trommler, was located in Zwönitz.
PraxiMed Vertriebs GmbH is a company in the medical technology sector based in Zwönitz. It is the headquarters of the PraxiMed group of companies, which has around 130 employees (as of 2017).
traffic
The federal highway 169 runs a few kilometers west of Zwönitz and is directly connected via the state highway 283 . In the wider area, federal highway 180 runs north , federal highway 95 to the east and federal highway 101 to the south .
In addition, the city has two stops on the Chemnitz – Adorf , Niederzwönitz and Zwönitz railway line . While the former only opened in 2006, the latter used to be a regionally important rail hub . However, the two other lines ( Zwönitz – Scheibenberg and Zwönitz – Stollberg ) of the Zwönitz station have now been closed.
education
The Matthes-Enderlein-Gymnasium was founded in the 1970s as the Friedrich Engels Polytechnic High School . On August 1, 1992, it became the Zwönitz grammar school and only later was named after Matthes Enderlein . In 2002/2003 the school was completely modernized and brought into an attractive style, for which 2.5 million euros were spent. In 2003/2004, the Drei-Tannen-Gymnasium in Thalheim was fully integrated into the Matthes-Enderlein-Gymnasium, after it had acted as a branch for several years.
energy
There is a substation near Zwönitz , from which a 220 kV line used to lead to the Hradec substation in the Czech Republic.
Personalities
Others
Zwönitz comes last in the alphabetical listing of all German cities .
literature
- Zwönitz, Aue district. In: Between Zwickauer Mulde and Geyerschem Wald (= values of our homeland . Volume 31). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1978, pp. 175–180.
- Council of the city of Zwönitz: Zwönitz - contributions to the history of the city and its villages. 1987. (Prepared from a manuscript by Johannes Schuricht, all booklets).
- Uwe Schneider, Harald Schindler: Zwönitz - old mountain town with a future. Festschrift for the city's 850th anniversary. City administration Zwönitz, 2010. DNB 1004928866
- Uwe Schneider: Chronicle of the city of Zwönitz 960–1945. A manual. Zwönitz 2016. DNB 1097214958
- Richard Steche : Zwönitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 7th issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Chemnitz . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1886, p. 61.
- Zwönitz. In: Max Grohmann : The Upper Ore Mountains and its cities. Graser, Annaberg 1903, pp. 1–20 of Chapter 18.
Web links
- Official website of the city of Zwönitz
- Zwönitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Literature about Zwönitz in the Saxon Bibliography
Individual evidence
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019 ( help on this ).
- ↑ Kirchen-Galerie Sachsens , Dresden 1837–1845, Die Inspectionen Chemnitz, Stollberg, Zwickau and Neustädtel, Delivery 25, p. 97.
- ^ Ernst Eichler and Hans Walther : Saxony. All city names and their history , Faber and Faber Verlag, Leipzig 2017 ISBN 978-3-86730-038-4 , p. 134.
- ↑ Zwönitz - St. Trinitatis Cemetery, Kirchstrasse 1. Saxon Memorials Foundation, Dresden Documentation Center, accessed on September 5, 2019 .
- ↑ Municipalities 1994 and their changes since January 1, 1948 in the new federal states , Metzler-Poeschel publishing house, Stuttgart, 1995, ISBN 3-8246-0321-7 , publisher: Federal Statistical Office
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1998
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ Population of the Free State of Saxony, 2013 municipal statistics for Zwönitz, city (Official municipality key = 14 521 710 / area status January 1, 2013, population on December 31, 2012)
- ↑ Population development in the Free State of Saxony by municipalities - 2016. (PDF; 0.4 MB) In: Statistical report. State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , p. 6 , archived from the original on January 10, 2019 ; accessed on January 9, 2019 .
- ↑ Population development in the Free State of Saxony by municipalities - 2nd half of 2017. (PDF; 3.1 MB) In: Statistical report. State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony, p. 7 , accessed on September 5, 2019 .
- ↑ a b Population of the Free State of Saxony at the end of each month for selected reporting months by municipality. (PDF) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony, November 30, 2019, p. 2 , accessed on April 21, 2020 .
- ↑ Results of the 2019 municipal council elections
- ↑ State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony: Eligible voters, voters, votes and distribution of votes in the election of the full-time mayor in the district town of Zwönitz - Erzgebirgskreis Final result of the election on June 8th
- ^ Chronicle of the city of Zwönitz
- ↑ a b c Zwönitz. The city's museums. Flyer, ed. from the citizen service of the city of Zwönitz (as of April 2011)
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 375
- ↑ Rainer Thümmelr: bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 375ff
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 375
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 375ff
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 278
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 278
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 310
- ^ Rainer Thümmel: Bells in Saxony; Evangelische Verlagsanstalt Leipzig: ISBN 978-3-374-02871-9 : p. 310ff
- ↑ about PraxiMed - PraxiMed. Retrieved April 26, 2017 .
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