Niederzwönitz
|
Niederzwönitz
City of Zwönitz
Coordinates: 50 ° 38 ′ 25 ″ N , 12 ° 49 ′ 8 ″ E
|
||
|---|---|---|
| Residents : | 4544 (May 9, 2011) | |
| Incorporation : | April 1, 1934 | |
| Postal code : | 08297 | |
| Area code : | 037754 | |
Location of Niederzwönitz in Saxony |
||
Niederzwönitz is a district of the Saxon town of Zwönitz in the Erzgebirge district .
geography
location
The double-row forest hoof village Niederzwönitz is located in the upper part of the Zwönitztal . There is a direct transition to the neighboring location of Zwönitz, the corridor boundary is in the area of today's Bahnhofsstraße. The highest point of Niederzwönitz is in the Geyers forest . State roads 257, 258 and 283 run through Niederzwönitz. Niederzwönitz is connected to the Chemnitz – Aue – Adorf railway line .
Neighboring places
| Dorfchemnitz | Hormersdorf | |
| Affalter |
.svg)
|
Geyer |
| Lenkersdorf | Zwönitz |
history
Although the village was probably laid out around 1200, it was first mentioned in the Zwickau Franciscans' schedule as Dorffczwenicz around 1460 . The name Dorf- or Niederzwönitz was probably used to distinguish it from the neighboring town. The Niederzwönitz Vorwerk had been owned by the von Schönberg family since 1473 . In the second half of the 16th century, this manor, now elevated to a knighthood, was given control of the village. After the destruction in the Thirty Years War, the estate was rebuilt. The duties of the subjects were recorded in an inheritance book drawn up in 1693. The manor was liberated with the settlement of craftsmen, so that here 1803 u. a. five master carpenters and 26 master weavers were resident. On December 18, 1881, the estate and seven of the eleven auxiliary buildings burned down, but were rebuilt the following year. The manor consisted of approx. 592 hectares of agricultural land, approx. 495 hectares of forest and the additional goods Bergmeistergut, Hansgünthergut, Bochmannsches Gut as well as a manorial hunter's house with a board mill. After the Second World War, the von Schönberg family was expropriated as large landowners as part of the land reform . The farm buildings were assigned to four new farmers , and the manor building was razed in 1947. The so-called Bergmeistergut, which had served the noble family from 1838 as a summer residence and later as a permanent residence, was used as a children's recreation home for the people's solidarity after their expulsion and later as a spa home for young people. In 1992 the daughter of the last owner, Benedikta von Schönberg-Paulig, bought back the vacant Bergmeistergut with ancillary buildings and 16,000 m² surrounding park from the district and renovated and modernized the property, where holiday apartments are rented.
A paper mill has existed in Niederzwönitz since the 16th century and can now be visited as a museum. Mining in the village was mainly carried out on slate. For the period between 1564 and 1580 the mines Hülffe Gottes , St. Andreas and St. Ludwig can be found. In Niederzwönitz there were four grinding and two oil mills as well as four cutting mills. Other trades represented were u. a. Horn turning and lace making. In the course of industrialization , several factories for colored weaving, machine knitting, stocking production and the manufacture of men's clothing were established in the 19th century.
It was incorporated into Zwönitz on April 1, 1934.
Development of the population
|
|
Attractions
Churches
The St. Blasius Church in the upper part of Niederzwönitz probably goes back to pre-Reformation origins. The church building was extensively rebuilt again in 1668 and 1712 and again in 1899. It has a high, hilted gable roof covered with slate made from local slate. The interior has a single nave and a coffered ceiling. The carved, architecturally emphasized altarpiece contains remains of a baroque altar carved in the 17th century, which was originally set up in Seelingstädt . The St. Blasius Church was probably originally a street chapel, but is currently only used as a burial chapel.
In the lower part of Niederzwönitz is the St. Johanneskirche. After the previous building was destroyed in a fire on April 21, 1779, today's single-nave church building was erected between 1789 and 1793. A tower at the west end of the church was added in 1820/21. The pulpit altar was made of Crottendorfer marble . The current organ comes from Alfred Schmeisser (1928). In the same year four paintings were attached to the parapets of the two-story galleries.
At the Guten Brunnen, a healing spring on the edge of the town hall in the direction of Streitwald, the St. Anna Chapel was rebuilt by the Catholic community of Zwönitz in 1997/98. The consecration took place on July 26, 1998 by Auxiliary Bishop Georg Weinhold .
Paper mill technical museum
The Technical Museum Paper Mill in Niederzwönitz is the oldest, still functional paper mill in Germany. It was first mentioned in a document in 1568. Hand-made butter paper was produced here, for which rags and rags were used that were collected in the area. In the course of industrialization in the 19th century, the business area changed over to the production of hard and gray cardboard, which was mainly used in the shoe, seating and packaging industries. After production was shut down, the cardboard factory was converted into a museum in 1973.
The Niederzwönitz paper mill is a stately half-timbered building complex, which consists of a residential building and a former crockery building arranged at right angles. Of technical equipment all the equipment of a cardboard factory (u. A. Is ball cooker , pug mill , Dutch , board machine , wet press and rolling mill) were obtained. The machines are powered by transmissions using both water power and engines.
Austel-Villa and Gebhartsche Collections
In the former Austel Villa, a building erected in 1885/86 in the Wilhelminian style by Gustav-Friedrich Austel (1818-1891), the rarity collection of the Zwönitz honorary citizen Bruno Gebhardt is shown with exhibits from over 60 subject areas, including coins, postage stamps, orders and medals , Porcelain figurines and technical devices such as clocks and mechanical music devices. Harald Schindler is the head of the collection .
Bad good fountain
For a long time, the facility at the Guten Brunnen in Niederzwönitz was referred to as the "bath" because it offered a bathing establishment with catering. Several healing springs emerge from the historical source area near Zwönitz. Even Christian Lehmann mentions in his erschienenem in 1747 book Full description Des Meissen upper Ertzgebürges ... . He calls the good well "miracle well". In 1819 a new bath house with 10 cells and 11 tubs was built especially for the bathing facility, which was used as a mineral and radium bath until 1949. The number of spa guests from 1902 to 1916 is given as 90 to 156. In 1951 there were still 87 spa guests. In the course of time, uniform and stricter guidelines had become established in Germany, which stipulated the necessary quantities of minerals for medicinal springs. The sources of the good well did not correspond to these guidelines, whereupon the district administrator of Stollberg declared in 1941 that the designation "bath" can no longer be maintained. The designation “ Radiumbad Guter Brunnen” was also prohibited on labels. The following buildings belonged to the "Bad Guter Brunnen" ensemble:
- an inn
- a bathhouse (1819–1998)
- a water house
- Outbuildings (stable, barn and shed)
Today the entire facility lies idle. On October 18, 1984, the entire area was declared a natural monument by resolution . The facility was of particular importance in the history of baths in Saxony. To this day it is managed and cared for in a nature conservation way and is home to a number of endangered plant and animal species as well as specially protected biotopes. The Gute Brunnen, the Anna Brunnen, the Krätzbrunnen and the Augenbrunnen still give off weakly radioactive spring water, which flows unused into the nearby Wernsbach. The first two sources and the radium spring were renovated and redesigned by an ABM at the end of the 20th century.
literature
- August Schumann : Niederzwönitz , in: Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony, containing a correct and detailed geographical, topographical and historical representation of all cities, towns, villages, castles, courtyards, mountains, forests, lakes, rivers, etc. collectively Royal and Prince. Saxon country including the Principality of Schwarzburg, the Erfurt area, as well as the Reussian and Schönburg possessions. Schumann, 7th volume Zwickau 1820, p. 353ff. ( Digitized version of the book )
- Albert Schiffner : Niederzwönitz , in: Handbook of geography, statistics and topography of the Kingdom of Saxony , first delivery, containing the Zwickau district directorate, in Friedrich Fleischer Leipzig 1839, p. 99f. ( Digitized version of the book )
- Between Zwickauer Mulde and Geyerschem Wald (= values of our homeland . Volume 31). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1978, pp. 112–115.
- Nieder-Zwönitz or Dorf-Zwönitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 7th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1820, pp. 353-363.
- Richard Steche : Niederzwönitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 7th issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Chemnitz . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1886, p. 52.
Web links
- Niederzwönitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Small-scale municipality sheet for Zwönitz, city. (PDF; 0.23 MB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, accessed on February 2, 2015 .
- ↑ a b The manor at Niederzwönitz
- ↑ Adam-Ries-Bund (Ed.): Hereditary book about the village Niederzwönitz 1693 . Sources on the local and family history of the Ore Mountains, issue 3, 1998
- ↑ History of the Bergmeistergut
- ↑ cf. Niederzwönitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ St. Blasius
- ↑ St. John
- ↑ The St. Anna Chapel at the Guten Brunnen
- ↑ Technical Museum "Paper Mill"
- ↑ undated report in the Free Press , accessed on February 12, 2019
- ↑ Christian Lehmann: Detailed description of the Meißnischen Ober-Ertzgebürges… , 1747, p. 241f. ( Digitized version of the book )
Brunless | Dorfchemnitz | Günsdorf | Hormersdorf | Kühnhaide | Lenkersdorf | Niederzwönitz | Zwönitz