Christian Lehmann

from Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Christian Lehmann (1611–1688)

Christian Lehmann (born November 11, 1611 in Königswalde , † December 11, 1688 in Scheibenberg ) was a German Protestant pastor . Due to his extensive surviving manuscripts, he is considered one of the most important chroniclers of the Ore Mountains and an important contemporary witness of the Thirty Years' War .

parents

Christian Lehmann was born on November 11, 1611 in Königswalde near Annaberg as the second child of pastor Theodosius Lehmann (1581–1642). He was matriculated on March 17, 1597 at the Princely School of St. Afra and in 1608 appointed as pastor to Königswalde. Just four years later he went to Elterlein as a pastor , where he was introduced to the parish office on July 19, 1612. Christian Lehmann comes from his first marriage with Susanna Thiele († 1615). Theodosius Lehmann was also married to Rosina Hofmann, daughter of Mattes Hofmann from Elterlein, and most recently to Martha von Schmertzing, daughter of Rudolph von Schmertzing auf Schleinitz.

Lehmann comes from a respected family based in the Saxon Ore Mountains. Christian Lehmann's great-grandfather Peter Lehmann (1504–1574) was raised to the hereditary nobility on September 20, 1562 by Emperor Ferdinand I , the grandfather Peter Lehmann the Elder. J. (1545–1618) was mayor of the mountain town of Annaberg thirteen times .

Life

Childhood and youth

Lehmann grew up in Elterlein in his father's parsonage. He received his first school education from his father and private tutors. He later wrote about this time that he "felt a lot of laboriousness" and "yet complained many times / like his otherwise not incapable ingenium was rather deterred and prevented by overly strict domestic discipline / and untidy instruction, sometimes even to inexperienced teachers". From June 19, 1622 he attended the Princely School St. Afra in Meissen , where he stayed for three years. Due to constant indisposition, he switched to the gymnasium in Halle at the request of his father in 1625 , where he had to earn his own living as a Kurrendaner. Due to a wave of plague in Halle, he left the city in 1628 and went first to Guben and finally to Stettin in 1631 , where he continued his schooling. In 1632 he became a private tutor in Löcknitz , "a border house in Pomerania".

Pastor in pain of war

With the beginning of the Thirty Years War in the Ore Mountains, his studies were suddenly interrupted. In the winter of 1632/33 Christian Lehmann returned to the Ore Mountains to visit his father, who was badly damaged by the Holk troops during an incursion. Shortly before Easter 1633, on Sunday Okuli , he was finally appointed by the Dresden consistory to be the vicar of Elterlein, where from then on he supported his father in his pastoral service. Two years later, on May 24, 1635, he married Euphrosyna (1611–1686), daughter of the Elterlein town judge Georg Kreusel, who gave him ten children, including the sons Theodosius (* 1641), Christian (* 1642) and Immanuel (* 1645 ), gave birth.

Scheibenberg in Christian Lehmann's time

In 1638, after the departure of the local pastor Gregorius Goldammer, Lehmann was transferred to the orphaned pastor's office in the neighboring mountain town of Scheibenberg, where he was introduced to his office on Trinity Sunday. Here he experienced the horrors of the Thirty Years' War in full force. Again and again he and the entire congregation had to flee from imperial and Swedish soldiers into the surrounding forests, where he apparently also held services, baptized children and entered into marriages. He himself was captured, robbed, abused and threatened with death several times. He himself writes that in 1640 he spent three weeks in the Gottesgaber Woods "in hunger and sorrow, fear and anxiety, in hourly danger day and night and finally fell prey to the enemy". Nevertheless, he hid women and children in the rectory and saved the city from total destruction in 1647 through his intercession at the risk of his life. In the plague years, e.g. B. 1639, he had to bury more than 100 people in his community, most of whom had fallen victim to the plague. As a pastor, Christian Lehmann experienced and survived, according to his own count, 32 troop moves, 20 billeting and constantly recurring attacks.

After the Thirty Years War

Christian Lehmann in his old age

After the Peace of Westphalia , which he was able to proclaim from the pulpit in December 1648, calm returned to the Ore Mountains and the gradual reconstruction could be devoted to. In his office as a pastor he tried u. a. the recovery of the stolen liturgical equipment and necessary construction work on the rectory. However, his damaged health made it more and more difficult for him to exercise his office. As early as 1646 he was on a cure for the first time because of a spleen disease, around 1664 he lost all teeth, so that he had to do without a set of teeth until his death and from 1667 fainting spells and dizziness were added, because of which he even had to break off sermons. After several requests to the Annaberg superintendent, he was finally given his own son Christian as a substitute on December 3, 1669. Ultimately, it took over six years before Christian Lehmann felt strong enough again in 1675 to be able to fill the pastoral office assigned to him again himself. His "dear honest wife" Euphrosyna died after 51 years of marriage on April 22nd, 1686, so that in the end of his life Lehmann was forced to go through the rest of his life without family support. From October 7, 1688, he was supported in his official duties by his son-in-law Johann Wolfgang Grabner (1642-1720) as a substitute, who was also appointed as his successor in office. Lehmann died on December 11, 1688 after 51 years of pastoral work in Scheibenberg at the age of 77 and was buried in the churchyard. The funeral sermon given by Enoch Zobel appeared in print in 1689.

The collector, listener and chronicler Lehmann

In the time of the late Renaissance , when many princes and wealthy citizens adorn themselves with a cabinet of curiosities in the emerging age of the Enlightenment , the scholar Lehmann used any free time he had for researching "strange" events in his homeland. He searched through manuscripts, old books, wandered through the (at that time unsafe) Ore Mountains, explored nature, chatted with pastors, hammermen, officials as well as simple charcoal makers, lace makers, herb women and miners. The results, which he always tried to bring in line with his deeply rooted religiosity, he recorded in his manuscripts. Originally he had created a large, six-volume work under the title Pinifer Misniae Illustratus , which was not published during his lifetime "for considerable reasons". After Lehmann's death, the manuscript on the historical scene was prepared for printing by his sons and printed with many additions by the Friedrich Lanckischen Erben publishing house in Leipzig in 1699. It must be viewed as a family work, as it is almost impossible to understand from which Lehmann the individual text passages come. All information after 1688 can be traced back to the children, who, however, wrote in the sense of the senior. It can be assumed that his other works were also edited by his sons.

His notes reflect a close connection with his homeland, a love of collecting, an interest in oddities and Lehmann's precise powers of observation. He researched carefully and wrote down many incidents as unadulterated as they were told to him. They reflect the living conditions of the 17th century population in the Ore Mountains. Lehmann does not limit himself to the aristocracy and city populations, but also takes a detailed look at the simple population. The events of the Thirty Years' War , the superstition growing out of the troubles of the time and his countless nature observations (not only to flora and fauna) became part of his detailed record. Lehmann is the most important chronicler of the Ore Mountains due to his extensive, but only partially edited work.

Honors

Epitaph for Christian Lehmann and his wife Euphrosyna in the St. John's Church in Scheibenberg
Memorial plaque on the occasion of the 400th birthday of Christian Lehmann (Königswalder copy)

In the Scheibenberg Johanniskirche there is a stone, colored grave monument, usually called an epitaph , on which Christian Lehmann and his wife Euphrosyna nee. Kreusel are shown as half-figures, connected by the cross of Christ. In addition to the two half-figures, personifications of the virtues Fides and Fortitudo are arranged to the side. In the curved triangular gable is the coat of arms of the von Lehmann family. In the base of the tombstone there is an inscription field in which reference is made to the life of the couple.

On a stele in front of the Johanniskirche there is a plaque on which is reminded of Lehmann's fifty years as pastor. Lehmann is incorrectly referred to as a master's degree , which he never obtained.

The Scheibenberger Oberschule bears the name Christian-Lehmann-Oberschule in his honor . The best of the graduating class is awarded the Christian Lehmann Legat every year .

As part of the festive year for Christian Lehmann's 400th birthday in November 2011, three identical memorial plaques cast in Elterlein (design by master wood sculptor Friedhelm Schelter from Königswalde) were erected at the rectory in Königswalde, in the St. Laurentius Church in Elterlein and at the Johanniskirche in Disk mount attached.

Works

  • Chronicle of nature, published as: Historical scene of their natural curiosities in the Meißnischen Ober-Ertzgebirge, published by Friedrich Lauckischens blessed heirs, printed by Immanuel Tietze, Leipzig 1699 ( digital copy of the print from 1699 )
    ** In 1747 a reprint without indication of the author appeared ( Detailed description of the Meißnischen Ober-Ertzgebürges with 1005 pages, digital copy of the print from 1747 )
    ** Reprint edition Stuttgart 1988
    ** Newer editions among other titles (Erzgebirgsannalen Des 17th Century. Von Unwetter. Animals in forest and house. Curiosities. Pestilences and hauntings . Verlags-Anstalt Union. Berlin 1991.)
    It is the only one of his works that went completely to print.
  • War Chronicle of the Teutschen , partly published as Erzgebirgische Kriegschronik , manuscript - Sächsische Landesbibliothek Dresden, partly published in 1911 by Leo Bönhoff . New and also partially published by H&F Verlag Scheibenberg 1998.
  • Land chronicle of the Ore Mountains ( Historia Civilis et Topographica ), lost, only sparse remains preserved.
  • Church chronicle of the Ore Mountains ( Historia Ecclesiastica ), lost.
  • Berg Chronicle ( Historia Metallica ), lost since 1945.
  • Morals and Morals Chronicle ( Historia Moralis ) - fragmentary preserved in the Leipzig University Library.
  • Collectanea autographa, disordered manuscript - University Library Halle.
  • Hundred Teutsche Episteln , Collection of Letters - Giessen University Library.
  • Annales (annals of all kinds of things), lost, only remains in the Collectanea autographa.
  • Scheibenberg Chronicle ( Chronicon Scheibenbergense ), Leipzig University Library and as a copy in Halle, edited and edited by Lutz Mahnke , Scheibenberg 1992.
  • Apologia, a defense against unauthorized attacks.
  • The ephoral letters, official mail in the ephoral archive of Ev.-Luth. Church district Annaberg.
  • Discriptio nigromontanus, 1732 (poem about the mountain town of Schwarzenberg in the Ore Mountains) - largely apparently written by the son Theodosius.
  • News of elections, who they were, where they visited gold ore, etc., Frankfurt & Leipzig 1764, first summarized and published by grandson Christian Gottlob Lehmann. ( Digitized version )
  • Sermon tape, lost.

literature

  • Johannes Poeschel: A family of scholars from the Erzgebirge . Leipzig 1883. ( digitized version )
  • Viktor Hantzsch :  Lehmann, Christian . In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Volume 51, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1906, pp. 616-618.
  • Leo Bönhoff : The Saxon Ore Mountains in war. Erzgebirge war chronicle, based on the original of the "German war chronicle" by Magister Christian Lehmann. Message from the Association for the History of Annaberg and the Surrounding Area. 4th volume, Jb. XIV and XV, Annaberg 1916 (earlier volumes as early as 1911).
  • Fritz Roth: The superstition in the Erzgebirge according to the writings of Christian Lehmann. Glückauf-Verlag: Schwarzenberg, 1933.
  • Ernst von Lehmann: History of the von Lehmann family . Schwarzenberg, around 1938.
  • Konrad Rösel : Christian Lehmann's 'Dubenroisches Gelatsch'. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter , issue 9/1961, pp. 579-582 and issue 2/1962, pp. 115–118.
  • Conrad Rüger: Christian Lehmann d.Ä. - Pastor raging d. Thirty Years War. Self-published: Stuttgart, 1977.
  • Lutz Mahnke: Christian Lehmann - the chronicler of the Ore Mountains in the 17th century, investigations into poetry in his works. Dissertation from the Zwickau University of Education , 1992.
  • Stephan Schmidt Bridges; Hans-Rüdiger Albert; Ortrud Richter; Rainer Gebhardt (ed.): Erzgebirgchronist Christian Lehmann, his family, ancestors and descendants. (Erzgebirgische Genealogien Heft 14) Adam-Ries-Bund: Annaberg-Buchholz, 2011. ISBN 978-3-930430-96-3
  • Stephan Schmidt Bridges; Karsten Richter: The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann: Life and work. Printing and publishing company: Marienberg, 2011. ISBN 978-3-931770-96-9
  • Ms. Roth: Christian Lehmann's life and works and his position on superstition, Marburg 1933

Web links

Commons : Christian Lehmann  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

Individual evidence

  1. ^ The nobility diploma with the wording "The quays. and kings May. graciously grants Peter Lehman and all his sons this coat of arms but outside of the cron uf the lewenkopf and the uff the helmet also allain the half lion is placed as in the schilt, but with the cron uf the helmet and the Lechen article but one taxfrayung “is located in the Vienna aristocratic archive
  2. ↑ Helmut and Reinhart Unger: Civil offices in Annaberg from 1503-1919 . Adam-Ries-Bund, 1998, issue 2, p. 28
  3. ^ Lutz Mahnke: Christian Lehmann (1611–1688), the chronicler of the Erzgebirge ... , p. 22
  4. ^ Christian Lehmann: Historischer Schauplatz ... 1699. S. 570 ( digitized version )
  5. ^ Stephan Schmidt bridges; Hans-Rüdiger Albert; Ortrud Richter; Rainer Gebhardt (ed.): Erzgebirgchronist Christian Lehmann, his family, ancestors and descendants. (Erzgebirgische Genealogien Heft 14) Adam-Ries-Bund: Annaberg-Buchholz, 2011. S. 16 ff. ISBN 978-3-930430-96-3
  6. ^ Stephan Schmidt bridges; Karsten Richter: The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann: Life and work. Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft: Marienberg, 2011. P. 13. ISBN 978-3-931770-96-9
  7. ↑ Michael Wetzel : The Erzgebirge in the course of history. In: Martina Schattkowsky (ed.): Erzgebirge. (Cultural landscapes of Saxony, Vol. 3) Leipzig: Edition Leipzig, 2010. P. 57 f. ISBN 978-3-361-00645-4
  8. ^ Stephan Schmidt bridges; Karsten Richter: The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann: Life and work. Printing and publishing company: Marienberg, 2011. P. 21 f. ISBN 978-3-931770-96-9
  9. ^ Stephan Schmidt bridges; Karsten Richter: The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann: Life and work. Printing and publishing company: Marienberg, 2011. P. 25 f. ISBN 978-3-931770-96-9
  10. ↑ Enoch Zobel and others: The fivefold last and best bliss. Annaberg, D. Nicolai 1689. ( Key pages in VD17 )
  11. ↑ cf. Christian Lehmann: Christiani Lehmanns Sen. Pinifer Misniae Illustratus, that is / description of the Meißnischen Fichtelberg etc. St. Annenberg: Nicolai, approx. 1689. ( digitized )
  12. ^ Christian Lehmann: Historischer Schauplatz ... 1699. Foreword. ( Digitized version )
  13. ^ Stephan Schmidt bridges; Karsten Richter: The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann: Life and work. Druck- und Verlagsgesellschaft: Marienberg, 2011. P. 65 ff. ISBN 978-3-931770-96-9
  14. ↑ Christian Lehmann's place of birth is incorrectly stated there as Elterlein
  15. ^ Georg Dehio: Handbook of the German Art Monuments Saxony: II. Administrative districts Leipzig and Chemnitz. Deutscher Kunstverlag, Munich 1998, p. 881.
  16. ^ Homepage of the Christian-Lehmann-Oberschule.
  17. ↑ Anniversary year: first plaque is unveiled. In: Freie Presse, local edition Annaberg of November 4, 2011, p. 9.
  18. ↑ a b Reconstructed parts contained in Schmidt bridges; Judge: The Erzgebirge chronist ... 2011
  19. ↑ a b c d e Excerpts published in Schmidt-Brücken; Judge: The Erzgebirge chronist ... 2011.
personal data
SURNAME Lehmann, Christian
BRIEF DESCRIPTION German Protestant pastor and chronicler
DATE OF BIRTH November 11, 1611
PLACE OF BIRTH Königswalde
DATE OF DEATH December 11, 1688
Place of death Scheibenberg