Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb.

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coat of arms Germany map
Coat of arms of the city of Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb.
Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb.
Map of Germany, position of the city of Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb.  highlighted

Coordinates: 50 ° 33 '  N , 12 ° 47'  E

Basic data
State : Saxony
County : Erzgebirgskreis
Height : 468 m above sea level NHN
Area : 46.31 km 2
Residents: 16,447 (Dec. 31, 2019)
Population density : 355 inhabitants per km 2
Postal code : 08340
Area code : 03774
License plate : ERZ, ANA, ASZ, AU, MAB, MEK, STL, SZB, ZP
Community key : 14 5 21 550
City structure: 10 districts; 4 localities

City administration address :
Street of the unit 20
08340 Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb.
Website : www.schwarzenberg.de
Lord Mayor : Heidrun Hiemer ( CDU )
Location of the city of Schwarzenberg in the Erzgebirge district
Sachsen Amtsberg Annaberg-Buchholz Aue-Bad Schlema Auerbach (Erzgebirge) Bärenstein (Erzgebirge) Lauter-Bernsbach Bockau Börnichen/Erzgeb. Breitenbrunn/Erzgeb. Burkhardtsdorf Crottendorf Deutschneudorf Drebach Ehrenfriedersdorf Eibenstock Elterlein Gelenau/Erzgeb. Geyer Gornau/Erzgeb. Gornsdorf Großolbersdorf Großrückerswalde Grünhain-Beierfeld Grünhainichen Heidersdorf Hohndorf Jahnsdorf/Erzgeb. Johanngeorgenstadt Jöhstadt Königswalde Lauter-Bernsbach Lößnitz (Erzgebirge) Lugau Marienberg Mildenau Neukirchen/Erzgeb. Niederdorf (Sachsen) Niederwürschnitz Oberwiesenthal Oelsnitz/Erzgeb. Olbernhau Pockau-Lengefeld Raschau-Markersbach Scheibenberg Schlettau Schneeberg (Erzgebirge) Schönheide Schwarzenberg/Erzgeb. Sehmatal Seiffen/Erzgeb. Stollberg/Erzgeb. Stützengrün Tannenberg Thalheim/Erzgeb. Thermalbad Wiesenbad Thum Wolkenstein (Erzgebirge) Zschopau Zschorlau Zwönitzmap
About this picture

Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb. ( Schwarzenberg / Erzgebirge ) is a large district town in the Saxon Erzgebirgskreis . Created in the 12th century as a fortification to protect a trade route, the small mountain town developed into the center of the rule of the same name and the later office of Schwarzenberg. By the end of the GDR, the city developed into the most important washing machine production location in Eastern Europe. Schwarzenberg became known nationwide in 1984 through Stefan Heym 's novel of the same name , which takes place in the unoccupied city for several weeks after the war . With around 17,500 inhabitants, Schwarzenberg is now the location of medium-sized companies and, as the pearl of the Ore Mountains and a member of the Silberberg city association, is developing tourism.

geography

Geographical location

Castle and church on Felsriegel above the Schwarzwasser

Schwarzenberg is located in the southwestern Ore Mountains at an average altitude of 468 m above sea level. The old town with church and castle is located on a rock ledge surrounded by a large loop of the black water into which the Große Mittweida flows in the urban area .

Despite the location of the old town, the city is located in a large basin, which is framed by steep cliffs. The most striking elevations include the Hirschstein (641 m), the Hohe Hahn (674 m), the Hohe Henne (728 m), the Rockelmann (580 m), the Galgenberg (557 m), the Raschauer Bone (551 m) and the Schlossberg (593 m).

geology

The cityscape is framed by the opposing rocks Ottenstein and Totenstein, which, like the rock spur with the old town, consist of coarse-grained and medium-grain eye gneiss . There are also quartz , biotite , muscovite , eye-shaped protruding feldspar and occasional rock crystal . The Schwarzenberg mining district is criss-crossed by ore veins with a complex history. Today's Skarnlagerstätten have magnetite , pyrite , arsenopyrite , chalcopyrite , sphalerite and galena on. Up to 6 meters thick ore deposits are local with silver - and cobalt -Mineralien and cassiterite interspersed.

City structure and neighboring communities

Schwarzenberg 1908: City center surrounded by Totenstein and Ottenstein, Wildenau and new buildings on the Brückenberg, Rockelmann and Galgenberg

The historic core of Schwarzenberg is the old town with market, castle and St. George's Church within the city ​​walls that no longer exist today . In the south, there is the suburb that has arisen around the city's first mill, the Herrenmühle . The factory and workers' residential buildings erected around the train station in the north of the old town at the end of the 19th century form the Neustadt district, which today is the city's administrative center as the location of the town hall and employment office. In the 1960s, the Hofgarten residential area was built northwest of the old town using a large-block construction. In the 1970s, another large block residential area was built in the west of the Rockelmann, today's Heide district. From 1981 to 1991 the Sonnenleithe prefabricated housing estate was built on the northern edge of the city.

In the course of the 20th century, the urban area expanded continuously through incorporations. On February 1, 1913, Obersachsenfeld in the north of the city went to Schwarzenberg, on September 1, 1919 the neighboring town of Neuwelt followed with the Untersachsenfeld district (incorporated into Neuwelt in 1857) and on January 1, 1920, Wildenau on the eastern outskirts with a settlement on the Brückenberg. On October 1, 1995, Grünstädtel (about 2.5 kilometers east of the city center) was incorporated. On January 1st, 1999, Bermsgrün with Jägerhaus and Erla with Crandorf followed in the south of the city. Pöhla , which was incorporated on January 1, 2008, is located south of Grünstädtel.

Schwarzenberg borders in the northeast on Grünhain-Beierfeld , in the east on Raschau-Markersbach , in the south on Breitenbrunn and Eibenstock and in the west on Bockau and Lauter-Bernsbach .

District Population (May 9, 2011)
Schwarzenberg city 13,409
Grünstädtel 745
Berms green 1,359
Hunter's House 38
Erla 579
Crandorf 808
Pöhla 1,171

flora

Schwarzenberg is located in the middle of wooded hills in the Ore Mountains / Vogtland Nature Park . The flat top of the Galgenberg is mainly covered with spruce forest. The terraces on the edge of the forest are covered with thick bushes of sycamore maple , aspen , mountain ash , hazel and bird cherry . There are a few beeches and white pines on the Ottenstein . The city's best-known plant is the Schwarzenberg edelweiss , a Spanish exuberant flower that came to the city with the bark of the cork oak in the middle of the 19th century.

history

founding

Keep: oldest part of the castle
Electoral coat of arms with the year 1558 on the entrance gate of the castle

Schwarzenberg was first mentioned in 1282 as civitas Swartzenberg . During excavations of the State Museum for Prehistory in Dresden in 1977 ceramic shards were found, which are classified as around the year 1200. It is therefore assumed that there was a settlement in the named area much earlier. The year 1150 was set as the possible year Schwarzenberg was founded and the starting point for the city's 850th anniversary in 2000.

The city emerged from a fortification, which was probably built by Duke Heinrich II of Austria, the first documented owner of the later rulership of Schwarzenberg , to protect an important trade route between the Pleißenland and Bohemia in the otherwise unpopulated area.

According to a legend, one of the Ottonian emperors, to whom the city itself was founded, is said to have named the city as the mountain on which it is built showed itself to him. Even reputable sources assume that the city owes its name to the external appearance of its surroundings, the thick, dark forest that rose from a distance like a black mountain.

Schwarzenberg until 1533

In 1170 Schwarzenberg is said to have passed into the possession of Emperor Barbarossa , who gave it to his son Emperor Heinrich VI. inherited. Thereafter the owners changed several times, in 1334 the Lobdeburg family is proven to be the Meissnian feudal bearers of the town and rulership of Schwarzenberg, in 1425 they came into the possession of the Tettau people , from whom the Saxon Elector Johann Friedrich the Magnanimous acquired the rule for 126,000 guilders in 1533 .

The Schwarzenberg Castle complex formed the basis for the development of the surrounding villages and later districts to supply the lords of the castle. The settlement on the Brückenberg was built around an old Vorwerk , which was probably created during the initial settlement. The former Grünhain monastery villages Sachsenfeld and Wildenau are mentioned in the first half of the 13th century, in Erla the operation of a hammer mill is documented in 1380 , the villages Crandorf and Bermsgrün emerged a little later.

Around 1500 there were 48 citizens living in Schwarzenberg with their families. The town was the seat of a miner who, on behalf of the Lords of Tettau, directed mining activities in the manor. A forced mill in the suburbs processed the grain of the residents of Schwarzenberg and the surrounding villages. In the course of the Reformation, the city became Protestant.

Electoral seat

In 1535, a city fire destroyed the town hall on the market and the school in Badergasse. The old church and the ball hammer in the suburbs were first mentioned a little later.

Around 1550, 73 homeowners lived with their families within the city walls; there were 36 houses in the suburbs. Elector August had the castle converted into an electoral hunting lodge from 1555 to 1558 and acquired the village of Sachsenfeld the following year.

In the course of the 16th century Schwarzenberg developed into an administrative center. The city was the seat of the electoral office of the same name and the center of an extensive iron and tin mining area with its own mining office. In 1579 a Schwarzenberg knappschaft is mentioned for the first time. An annual mining parade commemorates the town's mining tradition.

In 1574 three-day annual markets were held in the city at Christmas, Easter, Whitsun and Michaelmas .

Cityscape around 1627

City view around 1627
At the upper gate

The oldest surviving illustration of the city, a pen drawing by Wilhelm Dilich from 1627, gives an idea of ​​the original cityscape. At the end of Obere Schloßstraße stands the electoral hunting lodge, which was given its present form in 1852, in an exposed position. At the other end of the street you can see the roof turret of the town hall on the east side of the market. The third conspicuous building in the historic city center was the church, which was too small in the 17th century and was replaced by St. George's Church. The cemetery was next to the old church at what is now known as the Lower Market . Soon the churchyard was also too small and relieved by a second one outside the city walls and later completely replaced. Already in Dilich's drawing nothing more can be seen of the city walls. To this day, only the names Upper Gate and Lower Gate have survived. When the buildings within the city were no longer sufficient for the steadily growing population, houses were also built outside the city wall. On the above drawing, the buildings in the suburb can be seen below the church .

Thirty Years' War

During the Thirty Years' War Schwarzenberg was attacked several times by imperial troops. In an attack by General Heinrich von Holk in 1632, 16 citizens of the city who had stood in the way of his soldiers were killed. The previously warned residents of the city had fled with their belongings into the surrounding forests. In October 1634 Schwarzenberg was captured and sacked by Colonel Schönickel . In November of the same year, 200 dragoons invaded the city and plundered it again.

Population, trade and post

Schwarzenberg on a mile sheet 1790

At the end of the 17th century, 116 resident and 56 unfit citizens lived in 138 houses. The 700 inhabitants of the city (without children) owned 20 horses, 19 oxen, 27 goats, 150 cows, 100 sheep and many small animals. In 1695, 15 bakers and eight butchers took care of the citizens in Schwarzenberg, there were also five traders, a total of 60 locksmiths, blacksmiths, tin foundries, carpenters, hat makers, trimmers, glaziers, soap makers, linen weavers, rope makers, white and tanners and one each Watchmaker, organ builder, belt maker and gunsmith.

Large parts of the city were destroyed in a major fire in 1709. Among the few buildings that were spared from the fire were the castle and the church, the tower of which was caught in the flames, so that the bells that had been transferred from the old church melted. Most of the oldest Schwarzenberg houses were built after the city fire. In 1724, at the intersection of the roads to Annaberg and Grünhain at the lower gate, a Saxon distance column was erected, which has not been preserved. A full-mile column that was erected on a pass road between Saxony and Bohemia is still in the Crandorf district today. Since 1785 Schwarzenberg has been a station on the postal route between Annaberg and Schneeberg twice a week .

19th century

Schwarzenberg after the city fire, contemporary engraving

The last execution took place in Schwarzenberg in 1823. The tools of the city executioner are on display in the museum. In a town fire in 1824, a large part of the mostly half-timbered houses were destroyed. The city was rebuilt in its present form, mostly with the granite of the Rockelmann quarry. In the entire Kingdom of Saxony, a collection was made in support of the “burned down” Schwarzenbergs, as an advertisement in the Dresdner Abend-Zeitung of June 5, 1824 shows: “The honorable company of the local KS musical band only needs one such [advertisement] for the best those who burned down in Schwarzenberg ... to list the seasons ... in order to be able to look forward to the numerous participation for such a philanthropic purpose. "

The time after the city fire was characterized by the modernization and expansion of the city's economy and infrastructure. In 1825 a new cemetery was built outside the old city walls, a liqueur factory was established in 1834, a Zainhammerwerk in 1836 and a glass factory in 1839. In 1849 a Selektenschule was inaugurated on the lower market as the predecessor of today's high school. In 1858 the Zwickau – Schwarzenberg railway line was opened. In the following year, a mail expedition with 16 postillions and five to six post conductors and train attendants was set up on the station premises. In the further course of the 19th century a gymnastics club, a volunteer fire brigade and other factories, etc. a. the Schwarzenberger Hütte , founded. In 1875 the Royal Saxon District Court in Schwarzenberg was established . For the railway line to Johanngeorgenstadt , which was inaugurated in 1883 , a tunnel was driven through the castle rock, which is now occasionally used for cultural events. In 1889 the railway line to Annaberg was completed. To increase the efficiency of lace making , lace schools were set up in the city and the surrounding villages. Girls were raised to be housewives in the Upper Erzgebirge Women's and Household School in Schwarzenberg , founded in 1884 . At the end of the 19th century, the city had developed into an administrative and economic center for the surrounding area. Schwarzenberg was the seat of the district administration , the district court and various offices and inspections. In 1898, 16 associations were active in the city, three schools provided education for the pupils, four doctors and a pharmacy were available for medical care. A large number of craftsmen, service providers, traders and factories formed the economic backbone of the city, in which the two newspapers Erzgebirgischer Volksfreund (daily) and Schwarzenberger Tageblatt (4 times a week) were also published.

Economic and cultural prosperity

Business advertisement by Louis Krauss , 1898

At the turn of the century Schwarzenberg was in a great economic and cultural boom. In 1899 the industrialist and bathtub manufacturer Louis Krauß moved from Neuwelt to Schwarzenberg and founded the Krausswerke in Wildenau, the forerunner of what would later become the city's main employer. A Beierfelder cut and stamped goods factory was established in a newly created industrial area in Neustadt, which was later operated as a subsidiary of KUKA Systems GmbH and taken over by Porsche Werkzeugbau GmbH in 2015 . Further factory settlements followed.

The dialect poet Curt Rambach was active in Schwarzenberg at the same time. Ore Mountain views and folk tunes were spread beyond the borders of the region on song postcards and picture postcards from the Wilhelm Vogel publishing house . From 1901 to 1905 the Ernst Jüngers family lived in Oberen Schloßstraße. The last Upper Erzgebirge song festival before the First World War took place in Schwarzenberg in 1910 under the direction of the town music director Carl Hermann Keßler. The following year, the later soprano, born in the former Kugelhammer, performed publicly for the first time at the Metropolitan Opera Elisabeth Rethberg in Schwarzenberg. In 1919 the local researcher Walter Fröbe became a teacher at the Schwarzenberg secondary school. He is considered the city's most important chronicler.

Between the world wars

In 1914, in the presence of the Saxon Prince Johann Georg and his wife Maria, a district pen for orphans and the poor was established, which is now operated as the Marienstift specialist oncological hospital . In the following year the foundation stone for the secondary school, today's high school, was laid on the road to Bermsgrün. The building was completed in 1916. In 1926, a memorial was erected in the newly created Rockelmann Park for the 165 Schwarzenbergs who fell in World War I. After the rural community of Obersachsenfeld and the manor district of Sachsenfeld had already been incorporated in 1913, the urban area continued to expand with the incorporation of Neuwelt in 1919 and Wildenau in 1920. During this time there were about 10,000 inhabitants in the city. 9,000 people from Schwarzenberg and the surrounding communities were employed in 75 commercial facilities. The opening of the Grünhain –Schwarzenberg– Aue bus and coach route in 1920 was facilitated by the construction of the city's first petrol station. The infrastructure was further improved through the establishment of further bus lines and the modernization of the telephone and water supply network. New housing estates were built on Lehnberg, Becherberg and Rockelmann.

On July 3, 1931, a flood of the black water caused considerable damage near the bank in the area of ​​Badwiese, Bad Ottenstein and Vorstadt.

In 1934, Reich Governor Martin Mutschmann laid the foundation stone for the construction of the Waldbühne as a Thingplatz , which was inaugurated four years later as a border area festival and is now only occasionally used as an event location. The construction work was carried out as a measure by the Reich Labor Service . In the Second World War, in which the city was not directly affected by fighting, at least 233 Schwarzenberg residents were killed. In the old cemetery, graves with simple wooden crosses and a Soviet memorial commemorate the victims of the war.

After the Second World War

Plaque above the entrance to Kunst & Kneipe on Obere Schloßstraße
New Forum Schwarzenberg: Flyer from 1990

After the surrender of the German Reich, Schwarzenberg initially remained vacant for reasons that are not historically clear.

On May 11, 1945, several citizens of Schwarzenberg took the initiative with an anti-fascist action committee to fill the power vacuum that had developed. This episode ended on June 25, 1945 with the invasion of Soviet troops. In 1984 the writer Stefan Heym coined the term Republic of Schwarzenberg with his novel “ Schwarzenberg ”, which was based on the events of the time . At this time there is a lively legend. In 2004, the writer Volker Braun also dealt with this time in his story The Unoccupied Territory .

The expropriation of the Schwarzenberg industrial plants began under Soviet military administration. In 1948 the Krauss works became the VEB Erzgebirgische Waschgerätefabrik , in which washing machines were manufactured for the entire country until the end of the GDR . The first HO stores opened in the city in 1949 . In 1952 Schwarzenberg became the seat of the newly founded district of the same name . The second pastor of St. Georgen was a member of the People's Chamber of the GDR at this time . After the gradual establishment of the GDR administration in Schwarzenberg, the Soviet unit stationed up to then left the city in 1956 in the course of a large rally. With the new construction of the residential areas Hofgarten, Wilhelm Pieck and Ernst Thälmann , the steadily increasing population was catered for. The supply system was expanded with the construction of a polyclinic , additional schools and day-care centers.

The Deutsche Reichsbahn set up a holiday camp for the children of its employees, which existed until the fall of the Berlin Wall.

Political change and a new beginning

In autumn 1989, residents of the city met on the market square in Schwarzenberg to protest against the GDR regime. After the collapse of the GDR, the city's economic structure was redesigned. The state-owned enterprises were privatized and often laid off a large part of their employees, which led to a significant unemployment rate. This was accompanied by a population decline due to emigration and low birth rates. In 1990 20,216 people lived in the city, in 2006, despite several incorporations, there were only 18,579. Nevertheless, the end of the GDR also had positive consequences for the city. Traffic routes and large parts of the old town were renovated, the school buildings and other public facilities were renewed, and mostly medium-sized companies settled in commercial areas in and around Schwarzenberg.

The 21st Saxon Day took place in Schwarzenberg from 6 to 8 September 2013 .

Incorporations

In the course of the 20th century, the urban area expanded continuously through incorporations. In 1913 Obersachsenfeld went to Schwarzenberg in the north of the city, followed in 1919 by the neighboring towns of Neuwelt and Untersachsenfeld, and in 1920 by Wildenau on the western outskirts with a settlement on the Brückenberg. On October 1, 1995, Grünstädtel (about 2.5 kilometers east of the city center) was incorporated. On January 1st, 1999, Bermsgrün with Jägerhaus and Erla with Crandorf followed in the south of the city. Pöhla , which was incorporated on January 1, 2008, is located in the south of Grünstädtel.

Religions

Schwarzenberg has several parishes. The sister churches in Crandorf and Emmaus Neuwelt, each with their own pastor, belong to the Evangelical Lutheran St. Georgen parish in the church district of Aue. The community maintains a kindergarten in Wildenau. The Methodist Zion Church next to the city school was the first Church building built by the Methodists in the Kingdom of Saxony. Another community is located in Neuwelt. The Roman Catholic parish church of the Holy Family in the Deanery Zwickau is located in Wildenau, where a New Apostolic congregation and the community in Christ Jesus gather for divine services. In the Heide district there is a meetinghouse for the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints .

As in almost all of the former GDR, the majority of the population is non-denominational.

Population development

The number of inhabitants grew continuously in the course of the 19th century. The population almost tripled between 1875 and 1933 to over 12,000 as a result of strong population growth, which was favored by the construction of new factories, falling child mortality and the incorporation of surrounding villages. The gap after World War II was quickly closed by refugees and workers who had moved in, so that by 1950 over 20,000 people lived in the city. With the decline in the mining activities of SDAG Wismut , the population fell by around a quarter within ten years, remained constant for another ten years , partly due to the pill kink, and rose again until the end of the GDR. The population shrinkage due to unemployment, the departure of young families and the low birth rate was only vaguely evident through the incorporation of surrounding villages. Between the incorporation of several villages in 1999 and the incorporation of Pöhla in 2008, the population decreased by more than 2000 and is now around 17,500.

Population development of Schwarzenberg from 1834 to 2017 according to the adjacent table

1834 to 1950

  • 1834 - 02,015
  • 1875 - 03,299
  • 1880 - 03,462
  • 1933 - 12.104
  • 1946 - 12,117 1
  • 1950 - 20,269 2

1960 to 1998

  • 1960 - 14,877
  • 1971 - 14,808
  • 1981 - 17,191
  • 1984-16,844
  • 1995 - 19,251
  • 1998 - 20,911

1999 to 2004

  • 1999 - 20,549
  • 2000 - 20,201
  • 2001 - 19,775
  • 2002 - 19.309
  • 2003 - 18,914
  • 2004 - 18,660

from 2005

  • 2005 - 18,406
  • 2006 - 18,207
  • 2007 - 19,187
  • 2009 - 18,687
  • 2012 - 17,743
  • 2013 - 17,542
  • 2017 - 16,912
Data source from 1998: State Statistical Office Saxony

1 October 29th
2 August 31st

politics

City council election 2019
Turnout: 60.5% (2014: 45.4%)
 %
40
30th
20th
10
0
33.2%
17.6%
12.9%
7.9%
6.6%
6.5%
5.0%
4.8%
2.7%
2.7%
WGV d
PRO f
FBS g
FWSP i
Gains and losses
compared to 2014
 % p
 18th
 16
 14th
 12
 10
   8th
   6th
   4th
   2
   0
  -2
  -4
  -6
  -8th
-10
-12
-14
-10.6  % p
+ 17.6  % p
-12.3  % p.p.
+ 7.9  % p
+ 2.5  % p
-8.2  % p
+5.0  % p
-2.3  % p
+ 2.7  % p.p.
-2.3  % p
WGV d
PRO f
FBS g
FWSP i
Template: election chart / maintenance / notes
Remarks:
d Business and Trade Association of the Schwarzenberg region
f Pro Schwarzenberg
g Free citizens of Schwarzenberg
i Free voter association Sport Pöhla

City council

        
A total of 23 seats
Heidrun Hiemer at the side of Stanislaw Tillich and Frank Vogel during the Old Town and Edelweiss Festival (2009)

The city council of Schwarzenberg regularly consists of 26 members and the directly elected mayor, who heads the city council. The alternative for Germany was only able to fill two of its five mandates, which reduced the number of seats to 23 exclusive mayoress. Since the municipal council election on May 26, 2019 , the 23 seats of the city council have been distributed among the individual groups as follows:

  • CDU : 10 seats
  • LEFT : 3 seats
  • AfD : 2 seats
  • Economic and commercial association for the Schwarzenberg region (WGV): 2 seats
  • GREEN : 2 seats
  • Pro Schwarzenberg (Pro): 2 seats
  • Free Citizens Schwarzenberg (FBS): 1 seat
  • FDP : 1 seat

Lord Mayoress

Lord Mayor Heidrun Hiemer was born in 1952. In the mayoral election on June 10, 2001, the representative of the CDU received 52.9% of the votes in the first ballot against 5 candidates. On June 8, 2008, she prevailed again with 72.9% of the vote against a candidate from Die Linke and was confirmed in office.

badges and flags

"The coat of arms of the city of Schwarzenberg shows St. George in red and silver armor with a gold plume on his helmet and a golden lance in his right hand on a black horse with a gold bridle fighting a red-tongued green dragon."

The Dragon Slayer Knight Georg to it a legend, on the Schwarzenberger Totenstein with the dragon have taken, which was a constant threat to the citizens of the city. While fleeing from the figure, he is said to have tried to jump over the black water with his horse and land on the Ottenstein opposite . This plan failed and Georg crashed at the bottom of the river. Even today the imprint of his horse's horseshoe is said to be visible in the river.

"The city of Schwarzenberg uses a red and yellow stripe flag (bicolor) with the city coat of arms applied to it."

Town twinning

Schwarzenberg has had a partnership with Wunsiedel in the Fichtelgebirge since 1990 , which is cultivated through mutual visits and joint activities. In 2007 partnerships were also entered into with Nové Sedlo in the west of the Czech Republic and Borchen in North Rhine-Westphalia .

Culture and sights

Buildings

Sacred buildings

St. Georgen Church

The St. Georgen Church , built between 1690 and 1699, and the castle shape the cityscape. The baroque hall church replaced a church on the lower market that had become too small. It has an exceptionally richly carved, flat wooden ceiling, a particularly splendidly designed official choir and a two-storey wooden altar.

In the Neuwelt district is the Emmaus Church , built in 1900/1901 , which combines Renaissance forms with Art Nouveau.

The baroque hall church in Crandorf was consecrated in 1712.

The baroque St. Anne's Church in Grünstädtel was built from 1721 to 1724 in place of a previous Romanesque building.

Other Evangelical Lutheran church buildings are the chapel in Bermsgrün, consecrated in 1929, a building devoid of architecture with a small bell storey, and the listed Johanneskapelle in Sachsenfeld, a neoclassical domed structure that was built from 1916 to 1918 based on designs by Oswin Hempel .

Next to the city school is the outwardly unadorned Evangelical Methodist Zion Church, which was built in 1883 within three months. A parish hall of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was inaugurated in the Heide district in 1991. The 20 meter high three-column tower made of spruce was renewed in 2008. The Roman Catholic parish church of the Holy Family , consecrated in 1930, is located in Wildenau , an unplastered quarry stone building with a small bell storey.

Public profane buildings

The castle was probably built as a fortification in the 12th century and was the seat of the Schwarzenberg rule until 1533. As the seat of the Electoral Saxon Office of the same name, August von Sachsen had the complex converted into a hunting lodge in 1555–1558. After the tower was raised in the middle of the 19th century, a royal Saxon district court with a prison in the tower was set up in the newly built north wing. In 1945 and 1946 it served the Soviet military administration as an NKVD prison camp before the premises were used as a museum for the first time in the 1950s. Today the middle floor of the main hall and south wing is used for exhibition purposes. There is a lace and music school in the south wing. The tower can be climbed as a viewpoint over the city. The registry office holds weddings in the ballroom and in a castle room.

Ratskeller: Former town hall

The Ratskeller on the east side of the market square was rebuilt as an Art Nouveau town hall after the fire in the previous building and inaugurated on April 15, 1906; it is used today as a hotel and restaurant building. The two-story stucco building with a high Mansard - hipped roof and a sturdy roof skylights shapes the image of the market. In the bell storey there are two cast steel bells that replaced the bronze bell that was destroyed in the town hall fire in 1911. The tradition of ringing the smaller of the two bells, the council bell, in the morning and the larger mountain bell in the evening, goes back to the 16th century.

Fountain system and carillon

The historic fountain with the porcelain carillon made of Meissen porcelain was renewed in 1993 and 1994. In 1964 the porcelain bells , some of which were owned by Friedrich Emil Krauss, were installed in a specially built bell tower in Rockelmann Park, but had to be removed again due to damage to property and the effects of the weather before they were reinstalled in a converted transformer house. The 37 bells with three octaves sound four times a day.

The Grenzlandfeierstätte on the Rockelmann, inaugurated in 1938, now serves as a forest stage for around 15,000 people at major cultural events .

The building of the city school in Erlaer Straße was inaugurated in the neo-renaissance style as a citizen school in 1889 and expanded by two side wings with toilets and sanitary facilities during the Weimar Republic . The representative building with a three-storey central risalit and a tower clock with striking mechanism was renovated at the end of the 1990s.

The house 1 of the Bertold-Brecht-school above the city School was opened 1916th The striking Art Nouveau building with an attached gym has a mighty hipped roof with ridge turrets and was renovated in the 1990s. Inside there is a Bertolt Brecht sculpture.

The town hall of the city was built in the style of the old Erzgebirge Hammerherrenhäuser with hipped roof, ridge turret and clock. Erected in 1861 as a cotton mill, the building was given its current function in 1930. The building opposite the grammar school, built in 1908/1909 as a royal tax office, is now a listed building and is used as a residential building.

Private profane buildings

Herrenmühle in the suburbs (demolished in 2020)

The listed manor mill in the suburbs was the oldest mill building in the city. The building, erected in the mid-16th century, was expanded in the 1920s and demolished in 2020 after years of discussion.

Other private secular buildings are the Sachsenfeld manor, which was rebuilt after a fire at the beginning of the 20th century, the industrial facilities of the former washing machine in Wildenau and on the Kutzscherberg, and the manor of the former Erla hammer mill.

The town's distinctive residential buildings include many houses in the listed old town and the suburb, the birthplace of Elisabeth Rethberg in the former Kugelhammer and the twin house built around 1910 on the corner of Bahnhofstrasse / Egermannbrücke and a few villas in the vicinity of the old town. The Sonnenleithe prefabricated residential area is being redesigned with the financial support of the federal-state program for urban development in large new building areas .

Museums

In the Museum Schloss Schwarzenberg exhibits on the history of the castle, the city and the traditional handicrafts of the area are shown. The tower is open for tours. Occasionally there are temporary exhibitions.

The Schwarzenberg Railway Museum, operated by the Association of Saxon Railway Friends, is located in a locomotive shed that was built in 1902 to expand the Schwarzenberg train station. It shows, among other things, several steam and diesel locomotives as well as wagons and auxiliary vehicles.

Memorials and monuments

War memorial in Rockelmannpark
Royal Oak on the Lower Market

At the town hall and at the Sankt Georgen cemetery in Bermsgrüner Straße, memorials commemorate 14 Soviet prisoners of war known by name who had to do forced labor for the underground construction company Metzner and who died due to inhumane living conditions.

In the vicinity of the former public baths in Bermsgrüner Strasse, a memorial commemorates the teacher and communist member of the Reichstag, Ernst Schneller , who was killed in Sachsenhausen concentration camp in 1944 . The school he taught was named after him during the GDR era. A memorial plaque on his former home at Bermsgrüner Straße 12/14 reminds of him.

A memorial plaque on the former union building commemorates the communist union official Max Niedermeyer , who was murdered in the Osterstein concentration camp in April 1933 .

A memorial stone for victims of Stalinist arbitrariness in the outer area of ​​the palace was inaugurated on April 12, 2003 by District Administrator Karl Matko and Werner Dietz, state chairman of the Association of Victims of Stalinism . In Ottenstein Park there are memorial stones for the Schwarzenberg mayor Friedrich Gustav Weidauer , after whom Weidauerstraße is named. On the parish on the slope of the Galgenberg a memorial stone with the inscription On May 2nd, 1824, the town burned down to the last Schwarzenberg town fire.

On the road to Jägerhaus, at the edge of the forest, there is an artistically designed border stone from 1794 made of Crottendorfer marble, known as the White Woman . In the vicinity of the train station there is a royal Saxon station stone, in the district of Crandorf an electoral Saxon all-mile pillar has been preserved.

Parks and nature

The Rockelmann Park is part of a facility on the mountain of the same name that was built in the 1920s and 1930s, which includes the forest stage, the natural theater and a war memorial. It was laid out on a former meadow between the old town and Bermsgrün with ponds and a fountain. In 1999, the Ottenstein Park was designated as a protected landscape component in a municipal statute . Its landscape management was given up. Another small park is located on the Totenstein.

There is a large oak tree on the Lower Market, which was planted in 1818 in honor of the 50th anniversary of the reign of the Saxon King Friedrich August . A linden tree with a stately crown formation below the St. Georgen Church is around 220 years old. Both trees have been protected as natural monuments since 1960. On Bockauer Weg in the Heide district is the nine-stem beech natural monument , which has lost four of its formerly nine strong branches after several storms.

Say

Picture panels with the legends of the city

Several legends have been handed down about the city and some of its districts . In addition to the genesis of the coat of arms, which has its origins in the battle of Saint George with a dragon, this includes the saga of Euphemia von Tettau, who lives as a ghost in Schwarzenberg Castle, and of the White Woman on the road to Jägerhaus, a personification of one boundary stone in light marble. Together with the two legends of the hammer ghost in Erla and the eerie Wildenauer Grundtümpel, these traditions can be found on wooden relief panels with brief explanations on a house wall in Ratskellergäßchen.

Music and theater

Waldbühne

Music and theater events take place in the city all year round. The city has several choirs in the parishes and other non-church choirs. Concerts are occasionally held in the Ritter-Georg-Halle. Church music events take place in the St. Georgen Church. Other smaller concerts and puppet theater performances are held in the castle's vaulted cellar. The Annaberg Eduard-von-Winterstein-Theater gives guest performances in the city's natural theater. Larger concerts take place on the forest stage at irregular intervals . Occasionally concerts are held in the tin chambers of the visitor mine in the Pöhla district.

Regular events

The Schwarzenberg Christmas market has been taking place since 1534 and is one of the most important tourist events in the city. Sales booths are set up in the old town and suburbs, a large Christmas tree is set up on the market square and the Krauss pyramid , created in 1933/1934, is pushed in front of the lower gate. The conclusion is a mountain parade with miners' associations and mountain brotherhoods from the region.

Further events that take place annually on a weekend are the Easter market and the old town and edelweiss festival with the choice of a damsel as well as a medieval market and a pub festival.

From 1994 Schwarzenberg was the organizer of the festival of early music in the Ore Mountains , where music from the Baroque and pre-Baroque periods as well as from the Renaissance were performed in the churches of the city and the surrounding area. For several years now, concerts have been taking place in Schwarzenberg as part of the Erzgebirge Music Festival , the successor, such as the final concert with Josef Haydn's Seasons in September 2014 in St. Georgenkirche .

societies

The FSV Blau-Weiß Schwarzenberg 1921 eV emerged from a workers gymnastics club founded in 1908 and has football teams of all ages. The first team plays in the district class. The association Sächsischer Eisenbahnfreunde eV with approx. 150 members was founded in 1990 in Dresden. a. with the operation of the Schwarzenberg locomotive shed as a museum. The Model Railway Club Schwarzenberg eV, founded in 1987, has around 25 members and exhibits its exhibits in the railway tunnel under the castle during Advent. The Erzgebirgszweigverein founded in 1878 and chaired by Wolfgang Dehnel is one of the city's oldest associations . There are also development associations for city schools and high schools, other cultural and social associations, several garden associations and sports associations.

Sports

The sporting center of the city is on the B 101 in the direction of Neuwelt. The Ritter-Georg-Halle , inaugurated in 2000, can be divided into three fields, offers space for up to 500 visitors and is used for school and club sports. The hall and the two adjacent sports fields are used by FSV Blau-Weiß Schwarzenberg and WSG Schwarzenberg Wildenau, among others. Other sports halls and fields are located at the schools in Sonnenleithe and Heide. Since 2003 there has also been a skater facility in Sonnenleithe, where skateboard competitions are held twice a year , and a BMX track. The Schwarzenberg town bath, built in the 1930s, was closed in 2003 for financial reasons. In 2005 the bathroom was torn down despite a petition from over 700 Schwarzenbergers.

Economy and Infrastructure

Established businesses

The long Schwarzenberg metal processing production was founded on the city's rich ore deposits and its convenient location on old trade routes. The first hammer mill was mentioned in the Erla district as early as 1380. After ore mining came to an end in the 19th century, industrial production and processing of sheet metal products developed in the city. In the VEB washing machine, around 3,000 workers produced more than 500,000 washing machines a year. After the dismissal of a large number of employees immediately after 1990, production is now carried out in the factory for Cawi Stanztechnik GmbH. Another major employer is the toolmaking company Porsche Werkzeugbau GmbH (KUKA Systems GmbH until 2015) in the Neustadt district, which also emerged from a company founded at the turn of the 20th century. In the mid-1990s, an industrial park was developed in the Neuwelt district, on which more than 20 medium-sized companies are based today. Another industrial area was developed on the site of the former Schwarzenberg freight yard. The smallest supermarket in Germany is located in Schwarzenberg with around 1,300 items on 9 square meters .

tourism

The tertiary sector of the city is mainly determined by tourism. Schwarzenberg describes itself as the pearl of the Ore Mountains and advertises with its scenic and cultural offers. The Silberstraße and the Eisenach – Budapest mountain hiking trail run through the city . The city has several hotels, guest houses, holiday homes, apartments and restaurants. The main attraction for tourists is the historic old town, where the Schwarzenberg Christmas market takes place on two Advent weekends. Attempts are also being made to market the " Republic of Schwarzenberg " to tourism during the unoccupied period after the Second World War. In addition to a tour of unoccupied time , the city offers other walking and hiking routes. The Baumannsgraben and Fröbesteig mining trails lead to the legacies of the Schwarzenberg mining industry. The art-technica industrial trail leads from the old town to Erla and provides information about current and former industrial sites in the city. The " Alte Eisenbahn" (old railway) educational trail, created in 2008, provides information on the influence of rail traffic on the city.

traffic

Bus station, in the background the station building, on the right exiting multiple unit of the Erzgebirgsbahn
Schwarzenberg / Erzgebirge railway station with bus station (2016)
Schwarzenberg viaduct

The federal road 101 leads through Schwarzenberg , into which several state roads in the city lead. The S 270 branches off in the Neustadt to Beierfeld. The S 272 runs from the railway viaduct east of the station to Johanngeorgenstadt. In the vicinity of the suburb, the S 274 branches off to Eibenstock . From Wildenau the S 269 leads from the B 101 to Elterlein. The S 271 runs through the district of Pöhla from Raschau to Oberwiesenthal . The motorways 4 and 72 are 25 to 30 kilometers away and can be reached via motorway feeder from Aue. The closest larger airports are those in Dresden and Leipzig / Halle (each around 120 kilometers).

The city is connected to the Zwickau – Schwarzenberg , Johanngeorgenstadt – Schwarzenberg and Annaberg-Buchholz – Schwarzenberg lines of the regional railway network of the Erzgebirge Railway via the Schwarzenberg (Erzgeb) train station . However, there is currently no passenger traffic on the Annaberg-Buchholz-Schwarzenberg route. City and regional transport is served by buses via the bus station, which is directly adjacent to the train station. There are u. a. Connections to Chemnitz , Aue, Oberwiesenthal and Johanngeorgenstadt.

There are parking spaces at the foot of the old town, from which an inclined elevator leads directly into the old town. Its mountain station is next to the St. Georgen Church. Right next to the elevator, the historic Kirchsteig, an illuminated staircase, leads to the old town.

media

On the edge of the old town there is a local editorial office of the Free Press . Central German Broadcasting (MDR) is the regional program for public broadcasting . The local television station KabelJournal, which broadcasts from the neighboring town of Grünhain-Beierfeld and mainly reports from the Altland districts of Aue-Schwarzenberg and Annaberg , can also be received via the local cable network .

The circumstances of the 42 days in which Schwarzenberg was occupied by neither American nor Soviet troops after the end of the war in 1945 have been taken up by several authors. Stefan Heym based his novel Schwarzenberg , published in 1984, on the events in the city. In 1988 a film adaptation was produced for German television. Lenore Lobeck tries in her 2004 non-fiction book Die Schwarzenberg utopia. History and legend in the 'no man's land' to prove the events through scientific sources. In the same year Volker Braun took up the topic in The Unoccupied Territory . In 2012, the publication of the historian Gareth Pritchard, No Man's Land , who teaches in Australia, was published , in which he uses historical sources to describe, in particular, the unoccupied area of ​​the former administration of Schwarzenberg.

Public facilities

The Schwarzenberg town hall in the Neustadt district is the seat of the mayor and houses the main office, building office, public order office and financial administration. In the same district there is a police station of the South West Saxony Police Department, which is responsible for the cities of Schwarzenberg, Grünhain-Beierfeld and Johanngeorgenstadt (with a police post that is not permanently manned) and the communities of Breitenbrunn and Raschau-Markersbach, and an employment agency with the same area of ​​responsibility. The state surveying office in the immediate vicinity of the police station is responsible for the entire Erzgebirge district. The area of ​​responsibility of the tax office east of the old town extends to the Altlandkreis Aue-Schwarzenberg. The Schwarzenberg city fire brigade is divided into the voluntary fire brigades Bermsgrün, Erla-Crandorf, Grünstädtel, Hauptwache, Heide, Neuwelt, Pöhla and Sachsenfeld.

The public drinking water supply and sewage disposal is guaranteed by the Westerzgebirge waterworks . The city of Schwarzenberg is both the company headquarters and the location of the central administration.

education

House 1 of the Bertolt-Brecht-Gymnasium

Schwarzenberg has five primary schools in Neuwelt, Heide, Pöhla, Sonnenleithe and Crandorf. The city ​​school was inaugurated in 1889 as the first citizen school, was a citizen and selective school in the 1920s and 1930s, was operated in the GDR under the name Ernst Schneller as a polytechnic high school and since 1992 as a middle and high school. The Bertolt-Brecht-Gymnasium was inaugurated in 1916 as a secondary school with an attached Progymnasium . In the meantime used as refugee accommodation and hospital, the school was operated in the GDR as the Extended Bertolt Brecht Secondary School and then as a grammar school. The vocational school center for economics and social affairs, which has been reconstructed since 2004, is located in the Hofgarten district. The building was inaugurated in 1956 as the Ernst Scheffler vocational school and operated as a company vocational school for the Schwarzenberg washing machine factory until 1990 . Since it was taken over by the district, the current school structure has been housed in the building. There is also a school for learning support, which is housed in a reconstructed school complex in the Sonnenleite district, a special school for the mentally handicapped in Wildenau and an office of the Volkshochschule des Erzgebirgskreises in the vocational school center.

Personalities

Panoramas

Schloss Schwarzenberg (Sachsen) St.-Georgen-Kirche (Schwarzenberg) Crandorf
View from the Totenstein to the city center with the castle, St. Georgen Church and Ratskeller
View from the castle to the Ottenstein and the settlement on the Brückenberg. In the foreground on the left Badwiese and on the right the tax office
View from the south of St. Georgen Church and the castle

literature

  • About Aue, Schwarzenberg and Johanngeorgenstadt (= values ​​of our homeland . Volume 20). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1972.
  • Walter Fröbe : The history of the city of Schwarzenberg in Saxony , Schwarzenberg 1927.
  • Walter Fröbe: Lordship and town of Schwarzenberg up to the 16th century , Verlag des Geschichtsverein, Schwarzenberg 1930/37.
  • Friedrich H. Hofmann : Postal history of the city of Schwarzenberg (Erzgeb.) From the beginnings up to 1945 , Philatelist Association in the Kulturbund of the GDR, 1979.
  • Anita Tonar, Harald Wunderlich: Economic Chronicle - a foray through the economic history of the city of Schwarzenberg in the Ore Mountains , H & F-Verlag, Scheibenberg 2000, ISBN 3-933625-05-X .
  • Anita Tonar: Little Schwarzenberg Chronicle from the 12th to the 21st Century, Regional Verlag Anita Tonar, Schwarzenberg 2006.
  • City administration Schwarzenberg (ed.): Festschrift 850 years of Schwarzenberg (1150–2000) . Schwarzenberg 2000.
  • Richard Steche : Schwarzenberg. In:  Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 8th booklet: Amtshauptmannschaft Schwarzenberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1887, p. 58.

Individual evidence

  1. Population of the Free State of Saxony by municipalities on December 31, 2019  ( help on this ).
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  4. Mineralienatlas - Schwarzenberg Dome
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Web links

Commons : Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb.  - Album with pictures, videos and audio files