Quick look
Quick look
Community Raschau marker Bach
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Coordinates: 50 ° 32 ′ 0 ″ N , 12 ° 50 ′ 0 ″ E | ||
Height : | 448 m | |
Area : | 21.2 km² | |
Residents : | 3574 (Dec. 31, 2013) | |
Population density : | 169 inhabitants / km² | |
Incorporation : | January 1, 2008 | |
Postal code : | 08352 | |
Area code : | 03774 | |
Location of Raschau in Saxony |
Raschau is a village in the municipality of Raschau-Markersbach in the Erzgebirge in Saxony .
geography
Geographical location
Raschau is 3.5 kilometers east of the town of Schwarzenberg in the valley of the Große Mittweida , which is also known under the name Raschauer Grund . Furthermore, the lower course of the Pöhlwasser runs through Raschau.
The publisher August Schumann describes the location of the place in 1822 as follows: It is mostly surrounded by the Schwarzenberg district, 2 hours south-south-east of Grünhayn, ¾ to 1¼ hours east-south-east. from Schwarzenberg, 1½ to 2 hours west-southwest of Scheibenberg; on the Mittweide, which joins the Pöhl at the lower end of the village; along the new Chaussee from Schwarzenberg to Annaberg; in a pleasant valley, which is bordered to the north by the steep Raschau bones , to the south-east by the gentler Ziegenberg (on which 100 years ago the Christian fund was active), but to the south-west it becomes a wide, graceful and fertile floodplain due to the meeting with the Pöhlthale ; the altitude of the place goes from 1450 to almost 1550 Parisian feet, apart from the isolated houses; its length is ⅝ hour and its direction is from west to east.
Geology and mining
At the beginning of the 16th century, the Grünhainer monks found Eisenstein on the Emmlerfelsen , which gave the impetus for the construction of the mines, smelters and hammer mills in and around Raschau. Towards the end of the 17th century, minable rock was also found in the area around the Raschau Bone (551 m), mainly tin ore , iron stone and gravel , including smaller amounts of silver . As a result, new treasure troves emerged, but their yield remained mostly low. Only two of the Raschau mines produced richer deposits. In addition to silver, bismuth and cobalt ores, the Allerheiligen treasure trove also produced gravel, which served as the basis for the production of sulfur and vitriol oil . The Seegen Gottes treasure trove brought silver ore and tin stone to the surface.
Neighboring places
Neighboring places in the north are Langenberg , which was incorporated into Raschau in 1924 , in the east Markersbach with its district Mittweida, which has been part of the unified municipality since 2008, and the two Schwarzenberg districts Pöhla and Grünstädtel in the south and southwest .
history
Historical overview
The settlement of the area around Raschau probably already took place around 1185, which is indicated by a dendrochronologically examined wood from the village church of Raschau. In the first half of the 13th century - in 1206 at the earliest - a stone village church was built in the form of a small apsidal hall. From this the nave has been preserved to this day, while the apse, which was archaeologically proven in 2008, was demolished in the decades around 1500 in favor of a larger choir. The first reliable documented mention of Raschau dates back to 1240, when it and nine surrounding villages were donated to the former Grünhain monastery . A somewhat older document from the Naumburg Bishop Engelhardt from 1217 cannot be related to the Erzgebirge Raschau.
Raschau was created as a typical Waldhufendorf . A little later, the first mill must have been built , because today's Süß-Mühle was mentioned in a document as early as 1240. An iron hammer is first mentioned in Raschau in 1401. The first sources that allow an overview of the inhabitants of the village come from the time of the Reformation. In 1531, in addition to 30 landowners, nine gardeners and cottagers whose family names are still common in the village today, including Teubner, Neubert and Ficker. The 17th century in Raschau was marked by two catastrophes; the Thirty Years War and the plague that last struck the village in 1680.
In the following time Raschau developed well, in addition to the flourishing mining industry in the pits around the town, lace making also found its way. The population increased considerably. In the first half of the 19th century this had risen to over 2000. The second half of the same century was marked by industrialization. The first cork factory in the village, which was founded by Wilhelm Merkel in 1859, was followed by others. The railway line from Schwarzenberg to Annaberg, inaugurated in 1889, stopped in town and more and more people from Raschau earned their living by working in the factories. The course of history in the 20th century was little different than in other Saxon villages. The past few years have been characterized by emigration and unemployment. On January 1, 2008, Raschau merged with the neighboring community of Markersbach to form the unified community of Raschau-Markersbach.
The Thirty-Year War
The effects of the war hit the village particularly hard in the summer of 1632, when the future Field Marshal Heinrich von Holk invaded Saxony. On August 20th he reached Raschau with his troops and burned down the Hammergut von Enoch Pöckels Erben , which is directly adjacent to Raschau, at the lower end of the village of Mittweida . After the attack on the hammer, Holk ordered the village to be encircled. To this end, he commanded 300 horses to the Emmler and two other groups with over a hundred horses to the east and south of the village to prevent the farmers from fleeing and to kill them. The Erzgebirge chronist Christian Lehmann reports on fights between the Holk troops and the residents of Raschau and Markersbach , which stretched over a "small mile" from Pöckelhammer to Unterscheibe .
The church registers of the two villages provide information about the losses in their own ranks. In Raschau it was the carpenter Heinrich Bach, Martin Ruder and Paul Weichel as well as the servant of Thomas Ficker, who all Vff one day from the Kayser Reuberischen War Volck because it invaded the 20 Augusti were down. On August 24, 1632, all four were buried in the Raschau cemetery. Another entry in the church book shows that not all of the dead could be buried at the same time. Heinrich Handel from Raschau (who was also shot by the enemy on August 20 and then found dead on the proviant streets near Crotendorff by a cowherd in a husk on September 17 on the proviant streets near Crotendorff ) was buried on September 18 .
Even in the further course of the war, enemy soldiers kept appearing in Raschau. So on August 5, 1633 Caspar Merkel was buried, who was raised in his herb garden by the Reuberischen Keyserlichen soldiers . In 1640 Peter Weigel's wife Barbara and their daughter Margaretha died when, like most of the villagers, they had to flee from the invading Swedes to the surrounding forests. One was frozen to death in the outflow from the soldiers . The other one was missing and only months later her remains, some of which were bones and inticia of clothing , were found and buried. These and similar examples make the unbearable circumstances of this period clear. It was not until the end of the 17th century that the people of Raschau got back on their feet economically and were slowly able to recover from the consequences of the war.
The plague
The attack by Holk's troops in 1632 was followed the following year by another, similarly dire threat to the residents of the village. The first plague death in 1633 was Jacob Junghans. Not, as is often claimed, the retreating Holk troops, but it was Jacob Junghans who brought the Black Death into the village. He returned from a trip to Freiberg in March of that year and died within three days. What followed was by far the worst epidemic in the town. A total of 33 people died of the plague by December, and entire families were wiped out. In order to prevent the disease from spreading more widely, people began to bury the plague dead in the forest instead of in the cemetery.
The second wave of plague that struck Raschau in the 17th century reached the village in the autumn of 1640. It seems to have been brought in by the soldiers who were retreating in and around Raschau. Once again, 15 Raschauers fell victim to the epidemic. Hans Weigel's family suffered the greatest losses. After five of his children had died of the disease within 14 days, he and his wife were also buried in Raschau at the beginning of October.
In 1680 the plague struck the village for the last time. 32 Raschauers died of the disease within two months. Some of the dead were buried in the churchyard, others in the forest or in the meadow. In order not to get infected, neither pastors nor grave diggers were willing to undertake the burial, so that it was often their own family members who took over the burial. In the worst case, no one agreed to bury the dead. So it happened that Euphrosina Neubert, who died at the parish office , was devoured by foxes and dogs on September 23 of that year . In mid-October the plague disappeared from Raschau as quickly as it came.
Religions
In the first centuries after the settlement of the Raschauer Grund, the inhabitants of the village probably went to Markersbach for church services . Raschau must still have had its own house of worship during the Catholic period, because in 1460 Raschau was referred to as a branch of Markersbach. Until the early 16th century, the monks of the Grünhain monastery provided services before Raschau received its own pastor in the course of the Reformation. The exact time when the evangelical All Saints Church in the center of the village was built is not known. In 1925, of the 3,942 inhabitants, 3,777 were of the Lutheran denomination, 26 were Catholic and 105 were of no or other faith. Since 2001, Raschau has been part of a parish with the St. Annen parish in Grünstädtel . Since 2006 there has been a sister church relationship with the St. Barbara parish of Markersbach.
Raschau is the seat of a district of the Evangelical Methodist Church, which includes the communities of Raschau, Markersbach and Scheibenberg . A Methodist church is located near the train station.
Population development
The population development of the place reached its peak in the 1960s, with a number of 6,283 in 1964. In 1990 only 5181 inhabitants were registered in Raschau (source: State Statistical Office ). In the course of the 1990s, the number of inhabitants fell again drastically, so that by 2005 it had decreased by around a fifth compared to 1990 (2005: 4090 inhabitants; source: ibid.). This trend will tend to continue and the average age of the population will rise significantly in the medium term.
year | Residents |
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around 1200 | 22 farming families |
1531 | 30 inheritance owners, 9 other taxpayers, 5 housemates |
1628 | 35 estate owners, 15 gardeners, 34 cottagers as well as " Juncker Rudolff von Schmertzing on long bergk" |
1764 | 41 estate owners, 12 gardeners, 57 cottagers |
1807 | 104 Hereditary people, gardeners and cottagers |
1834 | 2,132 inhabitants |
1871 | 2,268 |
1910 | 3,171 |
1939 | 3,972 |
1946 | 3,955 |
1950 | 5,395 |
1964 | 6,283 |
1990 | 5,181 |
2006 | 3,952 |
2011 | 3,718 |
industrialization
The foothills of industrialization only hit Raschau in the second half of the 19th century. In 1859 Wilhelm Merkel founded the first factory in Raschau, a cork factory that can still be seen from a distance, empty and abandoned. Merkel started with only five workers, but under his successor Carl Gottlob Lindemann, the cork factory quickly developed into the town's main employer. In 1888 there were around 100 and in 1913 there were already 350 workers who earned their living from cork production.
Emil Freitag's wood grinding shop was established in 1868 and soon expanded its vertical range of manufacture to include cardboard. Within a few years, the company, now trading as Gebr. Freitag , was expanded a little further down the stream with two more plants on Wildenauer Flur (1881/83 and 1887/89), and later expanded to other locations (including Breitenhof , Carolathal , Erla and Pöhla). The operation survived both wars, was discovered in 1955 in the German Democratic Republic to a state-owned company transferred (VEB Cardboard and cardboard works Raschau) and privatized after the turn. From 1998 onwards, the company operated - limited to the operational parts in Wildenau, which belongs to Schwarzenberg - as Kartonagen Schwarzenberg GmbH and has been a plant of the Schumacher Packaging Group since 2008 .
The connection of Raschau to the railway line from Schwarzenberg to Annaberg in 1889 encouraged the creation of further factories. At the turn of the century, in addition to the above-mentioned factories, there was also a case factory, a stucco factory, a paper core factory, a mechanical engineering shop, a locksmith's shop and a machine factory.
politics
mayor
The last full-time mayor of Raschau was Henry Solbrig ( FWG Raschau), born in 1947, who was confirmed in office on June 10, 2001 with 97.2% of the vote. He was retired on December 31, 2007.
The town hall was inaugurated on November 11, 1907 under the then mayor Max Jäger.
coat of arms
There were no reliable sources about the origin of the coat of arms . It shows a horse galloping from right to left in profile. Possibly this is an allusion to Raschau as a farming village. It is also possible that this was intended to express the possibility that the name of the village should be derived from "Ross-Au" (a possibility that is now considered unlikely ).
Local partnerships
There has been a town partnership with Oberviechtach since 1990 .
Culture and sights
Museums
The Süss-Mühle , the oldest mill in the village and mentioned in a document as early as 1240 , is closely linked to the history of Raschau . It is one of the oldest watermills in Saxony, has a five meter high water wheel and a turbine. It has been used as a cultural center since its restoration in 1992. Guided tours are offered all year round and an open mill day is organized once a year.
Buildings
- All Saints Church (Raschau)
- Half-timbered farmhouses , the oldest from 1687
- two lime kilns of a former lime works from the 19th century
Sports
- SV Mittweidatal 06 Raschau-Markersbach eV with the departments football, handball, volleyball, women's gymnastics, cycling, skiing and bowling
education
A school in Raschau is reported for the first time in the second half of the 16th century. The first teacher in the village, Martin Mankrafft, could do nothing more than read and write. The further development of the Raschau school landscape has hardly been researched. What is certain is that there was always only one teacher from the start. Only when the population of the village grew significantly, the teacher in Raschau was given a substitute . The school teacher Immanuel Ficker from Bernsbach worked in Raschau for over 50 years and was supported in his work by a younger colleague from Hirschfeld at an advanced age . In 1836 there was a boys 'and a girls' school in Raschau, each with a teacher
Taught classes averaging more than 80 students. When the two school houses could no longer cope with the growing number of pupils, a third school house was purchased in 1848, in which the youngest pupils were to be taught by a newly appointed third teacher. After the state of the boys' school in 1877 barely allowed proper instruction, the construction of a new school was approved, which was built in 1883 and consecrated the following year. At the turn of the century, Raschau had five teachers who taught a total of almost 600 students. In 1919 there were already eight teachers, but the average class size was still enormous with 70 students. In the last months of the Second World War there were no more regular classes in Raschau either. The school house was misused as refugee accommodation. On September 1, 1945, classes were temporarily resumed. In the school year 1947/48, 13 new teachers were hired who had been trained for their profession in a fast-track process. In the course of the 1950s, the structure of the school was gradually expanded, so that by 1958 a ten-class teaching system had emerged. In 1973 the school was renamed again. It was now called the Clara Zetkin High School .
After more and more miners' accommodations in the settlement of peace had been converted into houses for families since the 1950s, the need arose to have their own schoolhouse for the children of the settlement. Initially, these were housed in a building that had previously been intended for Soviet military personnel and was expanded in the 1960s due to the increasing number of students. Finally, in the early 1970s, a completely new school building was erected, which was handed over to its intended use in October 1973 and baptized two years later with the name Paul-Blechschmidt- Oberschule .
At the beginning of the 1990s, the school system of the GDR was rejected. The Clara-Zetkin-Oberschule has served as a primary school ever since. The secondary school in Raschau , which had emerged from the Paul-Blechschmidt-Oberschule , was closed on July 31, 2005 after a steady decline in the number of pupils due to the state's withdrawal of participation. Today's primary school in Raschau is attended by students from Raschau, Langenberg and Markersbach .
traffic
The federal highway 101 runs through Raschau .
Raschau train station (b Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb)
The Raschau train station (b Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb) is on the Annaberg-Buchholz – Schwarzenberg railway line . There has been no regular passenger traffic on it since 1997. Since 2009, the Annaberg-Buchholz-Schwarzenberg route has been used on individual weekends in the summer half-year as an Ore Mountains observation train for tourist excursions. The responsible railway company is the Verein Sächsischer Eisenbahnfreunde e. V.
Personalities
- Elias Richter (1597–1678), schoolmaster, master's degree and pastor of Raschau for 39 years
literature
- Siegfried Hübschmann: Raschau. About the becoming and growing of a church. Published by the municipality council on the occasion of the 750th anniversary celebration, Raschau. 1990.
- Jonny Hielscher: All Saints Church Raschau. 800 years of church history. Berlin 2012.
- Yves Hoffmann: The construction of the Romanesque church in Raschau and the time of rural colonization in the Upper Ore Mountains. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter 59/2013, issue 3, pp. 253–261.
- Quick look . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 8th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1821, pp. 758-766.
- Richard Steche : Raschau. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 8th booklet: Amtshauptmannschaft Schwarzenberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1887, p. 28.
Web links
- Page on the history of mining around Raschau
- Suss Mill Museum
- Raschau in the digital historical place directory of Saxony
References and comments
- ↑ August Schumann: Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. Zwickau: Schumann, 1822, p. 758 ff.
- ^ Yves Hoffmann, The establishment of the Romanesque church in Raschau and the time of the rural colonization in the upper Ore Mountains. In: Sächsische Heimatblätter 59 (2013), pp. 253–261
- ↑ http://www.freipresse.de/NACHRICHTEN/REGIONALES/ERZGEBIRGE/SCHWARZENBERG/1314353.html ( page no longer available , search in web archives ) Info: The link was automatically marked as defective. Please check the link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.
- ↑ StBA Area: changes from 01.01. until December 31, 2008
- ↑ To what extent this statement is still correct after the discovery of the Romanesque foundation walls under the Raschau Church cannot be said at first.
- ^ Christian Bleyl, Karsten Richter: 150 years of Schumacher Packaging GmbH, Schwarzenberg plant. In: Wochenblatt für Papierfabrikation 146 (2018), Issue 9, pp. 552–557. ISSN 0043-7131
- ↑ Website of the German Milling Society , accessed on June 8, 2015
- ^ Association of Sächsischer Eisenbahnfreunde e. V .: Erzgebirgische Aussichtsbahn ( Memento of the original from March 9, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice.