Schwarzenberg district office

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Schwarzenberg Castle: official seat

The Schwarzenberg District Office , also the Schwarzenberg Office, was an administrative unit in the Electorate and Kingdom of Saxony . It consisted of acquisition of the Barony of Schwarzenberg by John Frederick the Magnanimous 1533 to the end of the Saxon offices Constitution in 1856 and formed the spatial reference point for claiming nationalistic taxes and labor services , for police , judiciary and military service .

As the district office of the Ore Mountains District , Schwarzenberg stood for the Upper Ore Mountains on the same level as Freiberg for the Lower Ore Mountains .

geography

The rulership joined the Vogtland to the east, extended to the south into the forests of the Westerzgebirgskammes from Auersberg to the Fichtelberg and was bordered by the rivers Schwarzwasser , Pöhlwasser and Große Mittweida and in the south by a watershed .

Adjacent administrative units

Office Wiesenburg Lordship Wildenfels Office Schönburg-Hartenstein
Office Plauen (Vogtland) Neighboring communities Grünhain office
Office Voigtsberg (Vogtland) Kingdom of Bohemia Office Crottendorf

history

After the Saxon elector bought the Schwarzenberg rule for 126,000 guilders from the heirs of the brothers Albrecht Christoph and Georg von Tettau in 1533, Eibenstock was also elevated to the status of an electoral mountain town in 1534. Due to the flourishing mining industry, capital flowed from Nuremberg and Schneeberg to Platten, where, as in Schwarzenberg, Eibenstock and Gottesgab, mountain areas were created. Even before the Ernestines were defeated in the Schmalkaldic War , the ( Albertine ) Duke Moritz of Saxony and the Roman-German and Bohemian King Ferdinand shared the rulership of Schwarzenberg in the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546 as spoils of war, thereby changing that in the Treaty of Eger 1459 agreed national borders. The area around Platten and Gottesgab (Boží Dar) came to the Bohemian crown, whereby the Saxon elector kept half the mining rights (Halbschied) and the full hunting. However, views differed on the interpretation of the Prague Treaty. Although Ferdinand I confirmed to Elector Moritz in the younger Prague Treaty of 1549 that half of the mine use was made, the exercise of these rights was disputed because the Bohemian side later from the decree of the mining regulations for the tin mines Hengst (Hřebečná), Platten (Horní Blatna), Gottesgab (Bozi Dar) etc. from January 1, 1548 by Ferdinand I tried to derive sole exercise of the mountain shelf .

In 1550, the two mathematicians and cartographers Augustin Hirschvogel and Johannes Humelius were commissioned to measure the new state border and make a corresponding map.

The tough negotiations were continued in 1555 in Schneeberg and led to the Schneeberg Treaty of October 26, 1556, according to which the two mining districts Platten and Gottesgab fell to Bohemia, but Eibenstock and Schwarzenberg were to remain with Electoral Saxony. The new border was drawn from east to west along the Mückenbach from its confluence with the Pöhlwasser to the source, from there dead straight to the source of the Ortbach and from there in a dead straight line to the confluence of the Breitenbach into the Schwarzwasser, then up the Breitenbach to the mouth of the Jugelwassers, further along the Jugelwassers to the mouth of the Pechhöfer Bach and following this to the source and from there, finally, straight to the Neudek border.

A consensus could only be found towards the end of the 18th century, but at that time mining around Gottesgab and Platten was no longer yielding, but required more and more penalties.

In 1559 the underage brothers Johann, George, Hugo and Wolff von Schönburg sold the upper (Upper Forest) part of the County of Hartenstein for 146,000 guilders to the Saxon Elector August . This area, now set up as the Crottendorf Office, became part of the Schwarzenberg Office after 1670. In 1654, Elector Johann Georg I approved the establishment of Johanngeorgenstadt by expelled Bohemian exiles directly on the Saxon border in the Schwarzenberg office. He determined that the new city should bear his name. In the Crottendorf office, exiles founded the towns of precipitation and Hammerunterwiesenthal .

In 1832 the Schwarzenberg district office was reorganized. From the southern and western part of the office around Eibenstock and Johanngeorgenstadt, a judicial and rent office in Eibenstock was formed under the name Amt Eibenstock . The places around Schneeberg came to the Kirchberg office . The Wiesenthal office was founded from the places around the Fichtelberg . The core area of ​​the Schwarzenberg district office formed the largest part of the Schwarzenberg district administration established in 1874 .

Components

Places rulership Schwarzenberg
place current location territorial change with year Remarks
Mountain town of Schwarzenberg City of Schwarzenberg with Schwarzenberg Castle
Neuwelt , Untersachsenfeld , Bermsgrün with Jägerhaus , Grünstädtel , Erla , Crandorf , Kleinpöhla City of Schwarzenberg
Obersachsenfeld City of Schwarzenberg until 1816 to the office of Grünhain
Großpöhla City of Schwarzenberg until 1670 to the office of Crottendorf belonged to the upper county of Hartenstein until 1559 ( Schönburg from 1406 to 1559)
Beierfeld City of Grünhain-Beierfeld before 1843 to the office of Grünhain
volume up City of Lauter-Bernsbach City since 1962, merged with Bernsbach in 2013
Bockau community Bockau
City of Aue City of Aue
Monastery and cell City of Aue As the property of Klösterlein cell from the lower 1173 County Hartenstein separated
Auerhammer City of Aue before 1843 as an exclave to the Zwickau office Created after 1550
Upper scheme Bad Schlema municipality from 1843 to the Kirchberg office Separated from the lower county of Hartenstein in 1173 as the property of the little monastery cell ; from 1569 council village of the mountain town of Schneeberg
Mountain town of Schneeberg City of Schneeberg from 1843 to the Kirchberg office founded around 1470
Griesbach City of Schneeberg until 1503 to the Wiesenburg office ; from 1843 to the Kirchberg office from 1503 completely council village of the mountain town of Schneeberg
Bergstadt Neustädtel City of Schneeberg until 1562 to the Wiesenburg office ; from 1843 to the Kirchberg office founded as a place disc
Albernau (with Schindlerswerk), Burkhardtsgrün Zschorlau municipality from 1843 to the Eibenstock office at that time both places were manors; Schindlerswerk founded in 1649
Oberstützengrün, Unterstützengün (manor), Hundshübel Municipality of Stützengrün Sold in 1563 by Balthasar Friedrich Edlen von der Planitz 's heirs to Elector August and incorporated, from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Schönheide , Freilut Neuheide , Hammerwerk Schönheiderhammer , Wilzschhaus Community of Schönheide Sold in 1563 by Balthasar Friedrich Edlen von der Planitz 's heirs to Elector August and incorporated, from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Carlsfeld , Weitersglashütte City of Eibenstock , district of Carlsfeld from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Mining town of Eibenstock with Muldenhammer City of Eibenstock from 1843 to the Eibenstock office Muldenhammer district demolished after 1974 due to the construction of the Eibenstock dam
Blauenthal (Unterblauenthal), Wolfsgrün (Oberblauenthal), Neidhardtsthal City of Eibenstock , district of Blauenthal from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Sosa City of Eibenstock , district of Sosa from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Wildenthal , Oberwildenthal City of Eibenstock , Wildenthal district from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Bergstadt Johanngeorgenstadt City of Johanngeorgenstadt from 1843 to the Eibenstock office Founded in 1654 by Bohemian exiles
Wittigsthal (hammer mill), Ober- and Unter- Jugel , Steinbach with boar pond City of Johanngeorgenstadt from 1843 to the Eibenstock office Places created after 1530
Steinheidel , Erlabrunn Municipality Breitenbrunn , district Erlabrunn from 1843 to the Eibenstock office
Breitenbrunn , Breitenhof , half mile Municipality Breitenbrunn , district Breitenbrunn
Antonsthal Municipality Breitenbrunn , district Antonsthal Antonsthal was built around 1828, Antonshöhe was only built in 1950
Globenstein (upper, lower), Unterrittersgrün, Oberrittersgrün, Hammerrittersgrün, Arnoldshammer , Ehrenzipfel Municipality Breitenbrunn , district Rittersgrün Ehrenzipfel was created in the 17th century
Dish houses Municipality Breitenbrunn , district Tellerhäuser from 1843 to the office of Oberwiesenthal Zweach was only created in 1868
Mittweida , Obermittweida Community Raschau marker Bach from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670
Mountain town of Scheibenberg City of Scheibenberg from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670 Founded in 1522
Top pane City of Scheibenberg from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670
Crottendorf municipality Crottendorf from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670
Neudorf , Kretscham-Rothensehma community Sehmatal from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670; from 1843 to the office of Oberwiesenthal
Precipitation Community Bärenstein Crottendorf Office , merged with Schwarzenberg Office around 1670; from 1843 to the office of Oberwiesenthal Founded in the 17th century by Bohemian exiles
Hammerunterwiesenthal City of Oberwiesenthal health resort Crottendorf Office , merged with Schwarzenberg Office around 1670; from 1843 to the office of Oberwiesenthal Founded in 1657 by Bohemian exiles
Alt Wiesenthal ( Unterwiesenthal ) City of Oberwiesenthal health resort from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670; from 1843 to the office of Oberwiesenthal
Neustadt Wiesenthal (City of Oberwiesenthal ) City of Oberwiesenthal health resort from 1559 to the office of Crottendorf , merged with the office of Schwarzenberg around 1670; from 1843 to the office of Oberwiesenthal Founded in 1530
Bergstadt Gottesgab City of Boží Dar (Bohemia) ceded to Bohemia under the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546 Capital of the mountain district Gottesgab
Breitenbach, Zwittermühl (today: Háje) Potůčky Municipality (Bohemia) ceded to Bohemia under the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546
Mining town plates City of Horní Blatná (Bohemia) ceded to Bohemia under the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546 Main town of the Platten mountain district
Mountain town of Abertham City of Abertamy (Bohemia) ceded to Bohemia under the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546
Bergstadt Bärringen Municipality (today: Pernink) ceded to Bohemia under the Prague Treaty of October 14, 1546

Officials

Bailiff Christian Kreß is mentioned as the dedicatee in the dissertation published in 1696 by the first Schönheid pastor Johann Christoph Vogel. His name is Latinized.
Document from 1777 signed by bailiff Carl August Just
Christian Heinrich Hecht dedicated his story of the Saxon mountain town of Sosa in the Meisnian Upper Ore Mountains from 1778 to the bailiff Just

As the first official of the Schwarzenberg office, the elector appointed the bailiff, who acted as deputy and executor of his will. He lived in the castle, was the chief judge and, as the military commander-in-chief of the office, was also responsible for protecting its borders. The magistrate and his helper, the single horse , were subordinate to the bailiff . His office was run by the clerk. A magistrate farmed his land.

Electoral officials
Official Governor (Schwarzenberg and Grünhain)
Royal Saxon governors
  • Christian Friedrich Löw (around 1820)

Others

Not only for the entire electorate, but also for individual offices, the electors issued administrative regulations that currently have the status of statutes or ordinances. For example, the Forst- und Holtz-Ordinance of the Elector August of Saxony of September 8th, 1560 was issued for the Schwarzenberg office . It was not just an instruction to the local administration, but regulated the use of the forest, the delimitation of areas and other matters in a binding manner for subjects. At the beginning, the order describes its purpose as follows:
“So we have had the following Holtz order put in place, how it was kept in our offices in Schwartzenberg and Krotendorff, how much one year into the other, Holtz was sold and sold charred, and our orders should not be exceeded, so that through such means our subjects and miners can endure as much as possible and the wooded areas can endure a defensive aid and our offices, a preliminary and remaining and persistent use. "

See also

literature

  • Christian Gottlob Wabst: Das Creys-Amt Schwartzenberg and Crottendorf , in: Historical news of the Electorate of Saxony and its associated Lands Current constitution of their high and low justice , Caspar Fritsche publishing house, Leipzig 1732, Beylage page 90ff. ( Digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  • George Körner : Old and new news from the mountain village of Bockau near Schneeberg, in the Meissnian Upper Ore Mountains, in which the history of the castle and rule Schwarzenberg is dealt with before this time, for the New Year 1758 and so in the future each time communicated piece by piece, by CW Fulden, Schneeberg 1758 digitized
  • Ignatz Schwarz: Description of the Creisamt Schwarzenberg , in: Erzgebirgische Blätter or historical, geographical-statistical, economic and other news and contributions to the knowledge of the Erzgebirge and its inhabitants, Volume 1, Schneeberg 1795, pp. 1-11
  • History of the Creisamtes Schwarzenberg , in: Erzgebirgische Blätter or historical, geographical-statistical, economic and other news and contributions to the knowledge of the Erzgebirge and its inhabitants, Volume 1, Schneeberg 1795, pp. 233-237
  • Topography of the Creisamt Schwarzenberg , in: Erzgebirgische Blätter or historical, geographical-statistical, economic and other news and contributions to the knowledge of the Erzgebirge and its inhabitants, Volume 1, Schneeberg 1795, pp. 238-250
  • Adolph Lobegott Peck : Historical and geographical description of the Electoral Saxon Erzgebürges. History and description of the Schwarzenberg district office. Schneeberg 1795. Digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library
  • Karl Hammerdörfer: Contributions to the inner knowledge and history of Saxony. Second piece , description of the Upper Mountain District Office Schwarzenberg. bey Georg Emanuel Beer, Leipzig 1786, pp. 117–148 digitized
  • Schwarzenberg, district office . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 10th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1823, pp. 742-773., Accessed on January 28, 2012.
  • Walter Fröbe : Lordship and city of Schwarzenberg up to the 16th century. Schwarzenberg 1930/1937.
  • Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas 1790. Gumnior, Chemnitz 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 .
  • Andreas Oettel: On the administrative structure in the western Ore Mountains around Schwarzenberg . In: Sächsische Heimatblätter 59 (2013), Heft 3, pp. 211–215. ISSN  0486-8234

Web links

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ Distribution of offices in the 19th century in the "Handbuch der Geographie"
  2. ↑ a b c d e f g h i j George Körner: Old and new news from the mountain town of Bockau near Schneeberg, in the Meissnian Upper Ore Mountains, in which the story of the castle and rule Schwarzenberg is dealt with before this time, for New Years 1758 and so in the future each time communicated piece by piece, by CW Fulden, Schneeberg 1758, p. 302 digitized
  3. ↑ Document from 1777 with his signature as an exhibit in the Stadtmuseum Aue and mention of Just in a document of the electoral administration from 1787
  4. ↑ Christian Heinrich Hecht dedicated his story to Just the story of the Saxon mountain town of Sosa in the Meisnian Upper Ore Mountains , Hof and Leipzig in 1778, p. A2 ( digitized version in the Dresden State and University Library )
  5. ↑ Leipziger Zeitung of March 31, 1821, p. 740 ( digitized version )
  6. ↑ Georg Viktor Schmid: Handbook of all forest and hunting laws of the Kingdom of Saxony that have been published since 1560 up to the most recent time , first part of forest laws, from FW Goedsche, Meißen 1839, p. 3ff. Digitized version , accessed on July 31, 2015