Hammerunterwiesenthal
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Hammerunterwiesenthal
City of Oberwiesenthal
Coordinates: 50 ° 26 ′ 44 ″ N , 13 ° 0 ′ 48 ″ E
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| Height : | 810 m | |
| Residents : | 342 (May 9, 2011) | |
| Incorporation : | January 1, 1997 | |
| Postal code : | 09484 | |
| Area code : | 037348 | |
Location of Hammerunterwiesenthal in Saxony |
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Hammerunterwiesenthal is a district of the town of Oberwiesenthal in the Saxon Ore Mountains , which developed around the Schlössel hammer mill , which was founded in the 16th century . The place was incorporated into Oberwiesenthal on January 1, 1997. His district of precipitation was reclassified to Bärenstein .
geography
location
Hammerunterwiesenthal is located on the ridge of the Middle Ore Mountains in the Pöhlbach valley , which also forms the state border with the Czech Republic . On the Bohemian side are the Vejprty (Weipert) settlements České Hamry (Böhmisch Hammer) and Výsada (Lauxmühle), through which Hammerunterwiesenthal is connected by a border crossing for pedestrians. The local area of Hammerunterwiesenthal is surrounded in the west and north by the following mountains, which are part of the Fichtelberg region and thus to the highest elevations in the Ore Mountains : Eisenberg ( 1028.8 m above sea level ) with the Stümpelfelsen in the west and Bachberg ( 883 m above sea level) ) and Steinberg ( 877 m above sea level ) and Toskabank ( 887 m above sea level ) in the north.
Historic settlement sites in the corridor of Hammerunterwiesenthal are Schlössel ⊙ and Bärenlohe ⊙ , the upper part of which was called Berghäuser and should not be confused with the settlement of the same name in the corridor of Unterwiesenthal (today: "Am Berg").
Neighboring places
| Kretscham-Rothensehma | Precipitation | Nové Zvolání (New Scream) |
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Výsada (Lauxmühle), České Hamry (Bohemian Hammer) | |
| Unterwiesenthal | Háj (proud grove) |
history
16th to 18th century
Hammerunterwiesenthal is the youngest of the three Oberwiesenthal districts. The place had its origin in the hammer mill Schlössel, which was also called "Ritzisches Hammerwerk" or "Unterer Hammer". The reason for the establishment of the Lower Hammer and the Red Hammer at the lower end of Unterwiesenthal was the discovery of Eisenstein am Eisenberg west of the village. According to the wood regulations of 1560, the Schlössel hammer mill was owned by the Nuremberg Society . On the Oeder map from 1610, Brenner's hammer is shown at the location of the later wood wool factory . Below the work there was a two-speed mill, which probably belonged to the hammer. In 1612 a new house was built by the then owner Münch , which was marked with the year and the noble coat of arms. He had a blast furnace and the hammer mill converted from racing fire to the new iron smelting technology. At the same time, the owner's brother owned the Rote Hammer in Unterwiesenthal. After both of them died of the plague, the Schlössel hammer mill passed to a Ritz family in Leipzig, which is why the lower hammer was also called the "Ritz hammer". Located close to the border with Bohemia , the place suffered constantly from enemy incursions during the Thirty Years' War . As a result, the hammer mill fell to the Saxon sovereign, from whom a Hans Fischer had bought it and brought it back to life again. Numerous workers moved to Schlössel through the hammer mill, creating a settlement around the hammer mill.
Due to the Counter-Reformation that began in the Kingdom of Bohemia in the 17th century, Protestant religious refugees ( exiles ) from Bohemia turned to the Saxon Elector Johann Georg I for the first time on July 18, 1656 in order to be allowed to found a new place below the Red Hammer. A total of 335 families applied to settle near the lower hammer mill. Against the services provided by electoral officials proposal to create a new settlement, the cities of the upper and lower Wiesenthal lodged an objection to such a trade-rich spots to prevent nearby. In 1657 the village Hammerunterwiesenthal was founded under the name "Unter-Hammer". The Protestant exiles from Bohemia thus contributed significantly to the development of Hammerunterwiesenthal. The newly founded town of Hammerunterwiesenthal was, like the two older neighboring towns, in the Electoral Saxon office of Crottendorf , which was administratively closely related to the neighboring district of Schwarzenberg and with which it was finally united in 1670. Hammerunterwiesenthal in the north included the settlement in the valley of the Pöhlbach, which was also founded by exiles in the 17th century, as well as the scattered settlement Bärenlohe on the slope of the Bachberg and the hammer mill settlement Schlössel in the south. In 1743 Hammerunterwiesenthal received its own church with a cemetery, which was a branch church of the Oberwiesenthal parish.
Around 1700 the hammer mill consisted of a sheet metal works, a rod works, a tin house and a pickling vault. The sheets produced there were sold by the Erzgebirgische Blechcompagnie . In 1756 the castle was only referred to as a stick hammer, while in 1777 there was again talk of a blast furnace and two fresh and stick fires. In 1786 the Irmscher family established a wire mill.
19th century to the present
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In 1821 the wire mill was shut down and auctioned. According to Johann Traugott Lindner, the hut was partially demolished in 1848 and from then on the property was only operated as a hammer property.
In 1834 Hammerunterwiesenthal had 62 houses and 475 inhabitants with the Schlössel settlement. It enjoyed some municipal rights. At that time, Bärenlohe had 16 houses that were parish and trained in Hammerunterwiesenthal. The upper part of Bärenlohe on the road to Neudorf was called "Berghäuser". The community of Hammerunterwiesenthal also included the village of precipitation with 39 houses and 172 residents who were parish after Bärenstein. In 1832 the Schwarzenberg district office was reorganized. From the southeastern part of the office around Oberwiesenthal and neighboring places, a judicial and rent office in Oberwiesenthal was formed under the name Amt Wiesenthal and Court Wiesenthal, to which Hammerunterwiesenthal now also belonged. Since 1856 Hammerunterwiesenthal belonged to the court office of Oberwiesenthal , whose administrative district was affiliated to the Amtshauptmannschaft Annaberg in 1875 .
To the north-west of Hammerunterwiesenthal there is a limestone quarry on which lime has been quarried at least since the beginning of the 19th century and which is now a nature reserve due to the vegetation that dominates there. The company "Richter GmbH & Co. KG Splitt- und Schotterwerk" has been active there since 1897. The Cranzahl-Kurort Oberwiesenthal narrow-gauge railway, which opened on July 19, 1897 and at which Hammerunterwiesenthal received a train station, gave the place a connection to the rail network.
Hammerunterwiesenthal's dilapidated church was demolished at the end of the 19th century. The new building of the church was built in 1898/99 by Woldemar Kandler . It received a new organ during the restoration in 1989. For the 100th anniversary of the parish fair in 1999, the building was named after Philipp Melanchthon . It is the only Melanchthon Church in Saxony. Since 2002 the parish of Hammerunterwiesenthal belongs to the "parish on the Fichtelberg".
As a result of the second district reform in the GDR , the municipality of Hammerunterwiesenthal with its district fell in 1952 to the district of Annaberg in the Chemnitz district (renamed Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), which was continued as the Saxon district of Annaberg from 1990 and was added to the Erzgebirgskreis in 2008 .
The rural community Hammerunterwiesenthal lost its independence on January 1, 1997 and was incorporated into Oberwiesenthal. The district of precipitation was reclassified to Bärenstein due to a signature campaign by the residents .
With the rise in raw material prices, the extraction of raw materials in the deposits on river and barite located on the local border with precipitation became economically interesting. On March 4, 2008, the Saxon Mining Authority granted the “Erzgebirgische Fluss- und Schwerspatwerke GmbH” a license in accordance with Section 8 of the Federal Mining Act (BBergG) for the extraction of fluorspar and heavy spar. On November 8, 2013, the mine was officially opened after a two-week trial run. The mine has been in regular operation since 2015.
Location logo
Hammerunterwiesenthal, which was founded in 1657, was later given a logo that contained two green clovers in the upper half and sticks and iron on a white background in the lower half . The green shamrocks symbolize the green Pöhlbachtal and mallets and irons stand for the hammer mills in the valley, which significantly shaped the history of the place.
Population development
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traffic
The federal road 95 runs right through the village, and the state road 266 Cunersdorf –Hammerunterwiesenthal ends in the village . The place has a train station on the narrow-gauge railway Cranzahl-Kurort Oberwiesenthal (Fichtelbergbahn), which has a connection to the normal-gauge railway line Vejprty-Annaberg-Buchholz unt Bf in Cranzahl . There is a pedestrian border crossing with the Czech Republic.
Culture and sights
- Maar of Hammerunterwiesenthal : in a quarry in the area was the "Maar of Hammerunterwiesenthal", the first in 1990 Ore proven Maarstruktur described.
- Narrow-gauge Fichtelbergbahn with Hammerunterwiesenthal station
- Kammweg Erzgebirge – Vogtland
- Stoneman Miriquidi , the most demanding mountain bike route in the Ore Mountains, runs northwest of the village
- Hammerunterwiesenthal mining educational trail
Personalities
- Hans Siegert (1868–1941), folklorist and local poet
- Barbara Petzold (* 1955), cross-country skier
- Johann Georg Gottschald (* 1691 or 1692; † 1749), Hammerherr in Wittigsthal, Breitenbach and Schlössel
literature
- From Annaberg to Oberwiesenthal (= values of the German homeland . Volume 13). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1968, pp. 171ff.
- Joachim Kunze: Stories from the history of Wiesenthal - A popular scientific chronicle of the Kurort Oberwiesenthal. Oberwiesenthal 2002
- Kurt Richter: Historical considerations on Hammerunterwiesenthal from the founding of the town to the present 1657 - 2007. Oberwiesenthal 2007
- Richard Steche : Hammer-Unterwiesenthal. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 4th booklet: Official Authority Annaberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1885, p. 80.
- Hammerunterwiesenthal . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 12th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1825, pp. 179-181.
Web links
- Hammerunterwiesenthal in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Hammerunterwiesenthal's private website , last accessed on February 6, 2010
- History of the Wiesenthal churches at www.alt-erzgebirge.de
Individual evidence
- ^ Small-scale municipality sheet for Oberwiesenthal, health resort, city. (PDF; 0.23 MB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, accessed on January 30, 2015 .
- ↑ The Hammerunterwiesenthal-České Hamry border crossing on www.czecot.de
- ↑ The Red Hammer in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ^ History of the hammer mills near Unterwiesenthal on www.alt-erzgebirge.de ( Memento from March 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ The coat of arms of Oberwiesenthal on www.oberwiesenthal.com
- ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 66 f.
- ^ Chronicle of Oberscheibe (according to information from Kurt Endt) ( Memento from October 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
- ↑ Distribution of offices in the 19th century in the "Handbuch der Geographie"
- ^ The Wiesenthal court in the book "Geography for all Stands", p. 333ff.
- ^ The official authority Annaberg in the municipal register 1900
- ^ Website of Richter GmbH & Co. KG
- ^ History of the Philipp Melanchthon Church Hammerunterwiesenthal
- ^ Website of the parish on the Fichtelberg
- ↑ Hammerunterwiesenthal on gov.genealogy.net
- ^ History of the Bärenstein community on the town's website
- ^ StBA: Changes in the municipalities, see 1997
- ↑ Extraction in ore and spar deposits within the scope of permits under Section 8 of the Federal Mining Act (BBergG), as of July 9, 2014 ( Memento of March 4, 2016 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ The treasure of Oberwiesenthal (n-tv). Retrieved July 20, 2014 .
- ↑ Toothpaste from the mountain (Der Tagesspiegel). Retrieved July 20, 2014 .
- ↑ New mine opened in Oberwiesenthal health resort . In: Official and information sheet of the city of Kurort Oberwiesenthal . Volume 2013, December 2, 2013, p. 5–6 ( oberwiesenthal.de [PDF; 818 kB ; accessed on May 15, 2018]).
- ^ Website of the Erzgebirgische Fluss- und Schwerspatwerke GmbH
- ^ The coat of arms of Oberwiesenthal on www.oberwiesenthal.com
- ↑ cf. Hammerunterwiesenthal in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- ↑ Peter Suhr, Kurt Goth: The maar of Hammerunterwiesenthal, a “complex monogenetic volcano”, Saxony, Germany . In: K Nemeth (Ed.): Proceedings of the “International Field Workshop on New Advances on Maar - Diatreme Research; Results and Perspectives ” 2011, ISBN 978-963-08-1323-5 .
- ^ Website of the Erzgebirge-Vogtland ridge trail
- ↑ The Stoneman Miriquidi on www.erzgebirge-tourismus.de ( Memento from April 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
- ^ Website of the Stoneman Miriquidi
- ↑ Website of the Hammerunterwiesenthal mining educational trail ( Memento from April 22, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
Hammerunterwiesenthal | Oberwiesenthal | Unterwiesenthal