Unterwiesenthal

Unterwiesenthal City of Oberwiesenthal Coordinates: 50 ° 25 ′ 48 ″  N , 12 ° 59 ′ 22 ″  E
Height :	847 m above sea level NHN
Incorporation :	September 1, 1921
Postal code :	09484
Area code :	037348
Location of Unterwiesenthal in Saxony
Unterwiesenthal stop of the Fichtelbergbahn

Unterwiesenthal is a district of the city of Oberwiesenthal in the Saxon Ore Mountains District . Until it was united with Oberwiesenthal on September 1, 1921, the place was an independent town.

geography

Unterwiesenthal lies on the ridge of the Middle Ore Mountains in the Pöhlbach valley , which also forms the state border with the Czech Republic . On the Bohemian side is Loučná (Bohemian Wiesenthal), with which Unterwiesenthal is connected via a border crossing for pedestrians. On the German side, Oberwiesenthal in the west and Hammerunterwiesenthal in the north are neighboring towns.

The local area of ​​Unterwiesenthal extends in the northwest to the slopes of the Fichtelberg and the Eisenberg . Historic settlement areas in the corridor of Unterwiesenthal are Rotes Vorwerk ⊙ , Weißes Vorwerk ⊙ , Roter Hammer ⊙ and Berghäuser ⊙ . The latter is not to be confused with the settlement of the same name, which belongs to the Hammerunterwiesenthaler settlement Bärenlohe .

history

15th to 18th century

The exact date of foundation of "Unter-Alt-Wiesenthal", as Unterwiesenthal was called earlier, is not known. The place was first mentioned in 1406 as Wizinthal . This document proves the pledge of the county of Hartenstein , in the upper part of which was Alt-Wiesenthal, by burgrave Heinrich I von Hartenstein to the house of Schönburg . After silver ore had been found in the upper Zechengrund in 1525, the Lords of Schönburg arranged for a settlement to be built in Wiesenthal, today's Oberwiesenthal, west of Alt-Wiesenthal in 1527. The settlement was granted city rights on July 25, 1588. In 1530 Alt-Wiesenthal was awarded a court seal by the Schönburg manorial rule, which contains a cross with flanking clover leaves. Oberwiesenthal and Unterwiesenthal were jointly referred to as Deutsch Wiesenthal , in contrast to the Bohemian Wiesenthal on the other side of the Pöhlbach . In the 16th century, both places belonged to the upper county of Hartenstein, which had been part of the Schoenburg rule since 1416 and belonged to the Albertine line of the Wettins since the partition of Leipzig in 1485 . With the sale of the upper part of the county of Hartenstein to the Wettins, the old and new towns of Wiesenthal were incorporated into the newly established Electoral Saxon Office of Crottendorf on May 2, 1559 . From the beginning, this was administratively closely related to the neighboring Schwarzenberg district office , with which it was finally united in 1670.

The first church in Wiesenthal was a chapel , which was located near the level crossing in Unter-Alt-Wiesenthal, which was built in the 19th century. In an old parish register it was called "Chapel in Nieder-Wiesenthal". In 1539/40 the Reformation was introduced in the county of Hartenstein and thus also in the old and new towns of Wiesenthal . In the first half of the 17th century, the Protestant neighboring towns of Böhmisch Wiesenthal and Stolzenhain on the Bohemian side also belonged to the " Parochie Unterwiesenthal" , which were only separated from Alt-Wiesenthal by the establishment of the Pöhlbach as the Saxon-Bohemian border in 1525. Due to the Counter-Reformation in the Kingdom of Bohemia , the Protestant exiles had to leave their homeland and found a new home on the other side of the border. As a result, Oberwiesenthal and Unterwiesenthal experienced an increase in population around 1650. To the north of Unterwiesenthal, the Hammerunterwiesenthal settlement was established in 1657 when exiles settled there. While the towns of Böhmisch Wiesenthal and Stolzenhain, which had become Catholic again by force, were given a joint Catholic church, Oberwiesenthal and Unterwiesenthal received a joint Protestant church on the boundary between the two towns. The dilapidated and too small old chapel in Unterwiesenthal was then torn down. In the 17th century, however, remains were still recognizable. Between 1665 and 1669 a stone town church was built in place of the first half-timbered church. After the destruction by the town fire in 1862, today's Martin Luther Church , which has been known as the Martin Luther Church since 1927 , to which Oberwiesenthal, Tellerhäuser and the branch church in Hammerunterwiesenthal belong.

19th century

Unterwiesenthal stop, waiting hall (2017)

Unterwiesenthal was officially granted city status with the introduction of the new Saxon constitution in 1832. However, when Oberwiesenthal was founded in 1527 as a mining village, the place had city-like rights, which is also reflected in the award of a court seal in 1530. In 1719 Unterwiesenthal was referred to as "Bergflecken" and in 1792 as " Bergstadt ". In the 19th century, the settlements Rotes Vorwerk, Weißes Vorwerk, Roter Hammer and Berghäuser still belonged to Unterwiesenthal. While the Red and White Vorwerk were demolished, the Red Hammer opened in the Unterwiesenthal settlement area. The mountain houses are now on the “Am Berg” street. In addition to the Red Hammer on the outskirts of Unterwiesenthal, there was also the Lower Hammer to the north of it, also known as the Ritz Hammer, around which Hammerunterwiesenthal was formed. The reason for the establishment of this hammer mill was the discovery of Eisenstein am Eisenberg north of the village. In 1834 the Red Hammer included a wire mill, 16 buildings and 37 residents. The hammer in Unterwiesenthal was converted into an iron foundry in the 19th century.

In 1832 the Schwarzenberg district office was reorganized. From the south-eastern part of the office around Oberwiesenthal and neighboring places, a judicial and rent office in Oberwiesenthal was formed under the name Office Wiesenthal and Court Wiesenthal, to which Unterwiesenthal now also belonged. Since 1856 Unterwiesenthal belonged to the court office of Oberwiesenthal , whose administrative district was affiliated to the Amtshauptmannschaft Annaberg in 1875 . In 1877 the Unterwiesenthal volunteer fire brigade was founded.

Mining came to a standstill in the 19th century. After the transition into the 20th century, tourism increasingly took its place. The Cranzahl – Kurort Oberwiesenthal narrow-gauge railway , which opened on July 19, 1897, was also used to develop the Fichtelberg region. In Cranzahl it is connected to the Weipert – Annaberg standard-gauge railway line and is now operated under the name “Fichtelbergbahn”. The “Unterwiesenthal stop” was built east of the Red Hammer.

20th century to the present

Unterwiesenthal, border crossing to Loučná pod Klínovcem (Bohemian Wiesenthal)

As early as 1902, the first unsuccessful talks between the district administration Annaberg and the mayors of Oberwiesenthal and Unterwiesenthal about the unification of the two cities took place. In 1906 the ski club Unter- und Oberwiesenthal was founded. On September 1, 1921, after years of negotiations, the voluntary amalgamation of Oberwiesenthal and Unterwiesenthal to form the city of "Oberwiesenthal" took place, which was given a new coat of arms. In 1935 the city of Oberwiesenthal was given the name "Kurort Oberwiesenthal". Unterwiesenthal forms a part of the municipality.

As a result of the second district reform in the GDR , Unterwiesenthal came as a district of Kurort Oberwiesenthal in 1952 to the district of Annaberg in the Chemnitz district (renamed the Karl-Marx-Stadt district in 1953 ), which was continued as the Saxon district of Annaberg from 1990 and was added to the Erzgebirgskreis in 2008. In 1995 a border crossing for pedestrians and cyclists to Loučná (Bohemian Wiesenthal) was opened.

coat of arms

Unter Alt Wisenthal, today's Unterwiesenthal, received a court seal from the Schönburg landlords in 1530. This showed a cross with flanking clover leaves.

After the voluntary unification of the cities of Oberwiesenthal and Unterwiesenthal on September 1, 1921, the city now called "Oberwiesenthal" received a new coat of arms, which is a combination of the two previous coats of arms of the districts. The two left parts, which u. a. contain a cross with flanking clover leaves, were taken from the Unterwiesenthal court seal. The right side with the red and silver shield of the Schönburgers and the tough miners comes from the earlier Oberwiesenthal city arms.

Development of the population

year population 1559 42 possessed man , 1764 147 possessed man, 7 ¾ hooves 1834 1413

year population 1871 841 1890 752 1910 637

Personalities

• Guido Breitfeld (1831-1894), member of the Saxon state parliament
• Fritz Fischer (1911–1968), draftsman and book illustrator

traffic

The Fichtelbergbahn in Unterwiesenthal (2013)

The federal road 95 runs right through the town , and Unterwiesenthal also has a connection to the railway network through a train station on the narrow-gauge railway Cranzahl-Kurort Oberwiesenthal (Fichtelbergbahn).

tourism

Thanks to its location on the Fichtelberg, winter sports are also possible in Unterwiesenthal. The Waldeck sports building is located near the former Rote Vorwerk. The Erzgebirge – Vogtland ridge trail also passes there, on which you can hike from Geising in the Eastern Ore Mountains over the German side of the Erzgebirge ridge and the Vogtland to Blankenstein in Thuringia , where the Rennsteig begins. The Stoneman Miriquidi , the most demanding mountain bike route in the Ore Mountains, runs northwest of the village.

Another tourist attraction is the narrow-gauge Fichtelbergbahn , at which Unterwiesenthal has a stop.

literature

• Unterwiesenthal . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 12th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1825, pp. 175–179.

Web links

Commons : Unterwiesenthal  - Collection of images, videos and audio files

• Unterwiesenthal in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony

Individual evidence

1. ↑ Deutsch Wiesenthal in a historical document, p. 560ff.
2. ^ Karlheinz Blaschke , Uwe Ulrich Jäschke : Kursächsischer Ämteratlas. Leipzig 2009, ISBN 978-3-937386-14-0 ; P. 66 f.
3. ^ Chronicle of Oberscheibe (according to information from Kurt Endt) ( Memento from October 29, 2011 in the Internet Archive )
4. ^ Explanation boards in the foyer of the Oberwiesenthal town hall, which are based on the commemorative publication 125 years of existence of the Martin Luther Church , written by Pastor Gerhard Stein.
5. ↑ The Wiesenthaler Kirchen on www.alt-erzgebirge.de ( Memento from March 27, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
6. ↑ Large complete universal lexicon, pp. 566f.
7. ↑ Unterwiesenthal on genealogy.net
8. ↑ The Rote Vorwerk in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
9. ^ The Weisse Vorwerk in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
10. ↑ The Red Hammer in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
11. ^ History of the hammer mills near Unterwiesenthal on www.alt-erzgebirge.de ( Memento from March 28, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
12. ↑ The Red Hammer in the "Handbuch der Geographie", p. 338
13. ↑ Unterwiesenthal on genealogy.net
14. ↑ Distribution of offices in the 19th century in the "Handbuch der Geographie"
15. ^ The Wiesenthal court in the book "Geography for all Stands", p. 333ff.
16. ^ The official authority Annaberg in the municipal register 1900
17. ↑ The Saxony Book. Kommunal-Verlag Sachsen KG, Dresden 1943, page 241.
18. ↑ The coat of arms in the Oberwiesenthal history
19. ↑ See Unterwiesenthal in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
20. ↑ Website of the sports building Waldeck
21. ↑ The Stoneman Miriquidi on www.erzgebirge-tourismus.de ( Memento from April 23, 2017 in the Internet Archive )
22. ^ Website of the Stoneman Miriquidi