County of Hartenstein
The county of Hartenstein was a territory in what is now Saxony . At first it was an imperial immediate county , from 1456 an electoral fiefdom .
The administrative seat of the area was Hartenstein Castle . The capital was the city of Loessnitz . The county of Hartenstein was due to its location in the Ore Mountains the most unproductive part of the Schönburg possessions . Only mining - especially silver mining - gained a certain importance, as a result of which the mining towns of Scheibenberg and Oberwiesenthal were founded.
Geographical location
The area of the upper county was located in the ridge area of the Fichtelberg and included the Crottendorfer Forest and the upper reaches of the rivers Große Mittweida , Zschopau , Sehma and Pöhlbach . Another important mountain in the area is the Scheibenberg . The southern border of the office also formed the national border to Bohemia . The northern part of the upper county (the later area of the Grünhain monastery ) was northeast of the town of Schwarzenberg around the town of Grünhain .
The territory of the lower county seamlessly joined the upper county prior to 1240. It reached from the right bank of the Zwickauer Mulde near Hartenstein over the Wildenfelser Zwischengebirge to the upper Mülsengrund southeast of the city of Zwickau . On the left bank of the Mulden, the area extended to the Hartmannsdorfer Forest near Weißbach .
Adjacent administrative units
The information relates to the time before the territorial separation of the counties by the Grünhain office .
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history
From foundation to pledge in 1406
The county of Hartenstein was first mentioned in a document on March 20, 1280, but it must have already borne its name before. The first owners were the Meinheringer family , who were the Burgraves of Meissen at that time . The county of Hartenstein originally comprised a compact area from Mülsenbach to Fichtelberg . The first assignments of territory were made in the lower county as early as 1173 to the cell monastery and in 1240 in the upper county to the Grünhain monastery (later the Grünhain office ). For lack of money and because of disputes between the imperial-free lords of Wildenfels and the Saxon House of Wettin , the county of Hartenstein was pledged to the House of Schönburg in 1406 by Burgrave Heinrich I von Hartenstein . Burgrave Heinrich I von Hartenstein, however, excluded the rule of Wildenfels from this pledge and remained its liege lord.
The rule of Wildenfels from 1406 until the separation from the county in 1440
In 1425, the rule of Wildenfels was pledged to the Saxon elector upon revocation . In 1440 the burgrave finally gave up his claims to the rule of Wildenfels in favor of the elector. As a result, the connection to the county of Hartenstein was finally extinguished and Wildenfels became an independent imperial fief of the Electorate of Saxony .
The county of Hartenstein from 1406 to 1457
Since burgrave Heinrich I could not buy back the county of Hartenstein until 1416, it finally fell to the Schoenburgers and became part of the Schoenburg rule . However, there were long-lasting disputes over ownership between the Schönburgers and the Reich or the Wettins. With the Preßburger power ruling in 1439, the Wettins were indirectly given feudal sovereignty over the County of Hartenstein, in 1456/57 the transition to an Electoral Saxon after-fief from Emperor Friedrich III. confirmed again.
The county of Hartenstein from 1457
Since the division of Leipzig in 1485, the Schönburg County of Hartenstein belonged to the Albertine line of the Wettins. The Reformation was introduced in the county in 1539/40 and thus three years earlier than in the then Bohemian Imperial feudal lords of the Schönburgers .
On May 2, 1559, the upper part of the county of Hartenstein was sold by the Schönburgers to the Wettins and was re-established as the Electoral Saxon Office of Crottendorf . The part of the Niedere Grafschaft Hartenstein that remained for the Schönburgers was later often referred to as the Grafschaft Hartenstein. The sale of part of the rulership was the first step towards the loss of the Schönburg sovereignty in 1740.
With the death of Otto Ludwig von Schönburg in 1701 and the inheritance contract of his four sons entitled to inheritance in 1702, the Stein rule was formed. In 1740 the Saxon elector concluded a recession with the Schönburgers , which resulted in the renunciation of the autonomy rights of the dominions of Waldenburg, Glauchau, Lichtenstein, Hartenstein and Stein resulting from the imperial immediacy. In the following years, the areas were gradually integrated into the Saxon Electoral State. In the 18th and 19th centuries, a few minor changes to the area were made, but these were limited to individual villages or parts of the village. The Lower County of Hartenstein remained in the possession of the House of Schönburg until it was fully incorporated into the Kingdom of Saxony in 1878. The private property of the House of Schönburg was not expropriated until the land reform in 1945.
Associated places
Upper County
| place | current location | later affiliation to office after sale by the Burgraves of Meissen | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alt Wiesenthal ( Unterwiesenthal ) | City of Oberwiesenthal health resort | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Neustadt Wiesenthal (City of Oberwiesenthal ) | City of Oberwiesenthal health resort | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | Founded in 1530 |
| Kretscham-Rothensehma | community Sehmatal | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Neudorf | community Sehmatal | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Crottendorf | municipality Crottendorf | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Mountain town of Scheibenberg | City of Scheibenberg | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | Founded in 1522 |
| Top pane | City of Scheibenberg | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Unterscheibe and Markersbach ( Marckquartisspach ) | Community Raschau marker Bach | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | was presumably on the bottom of the disappeared town of Newnhußen |
| Mittweida | Community Raschau marker Bach | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Obermittweida | Community Raschau marker Bach | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Raschau ( Raschaw ) | Community Raschau marker Bach | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | |
| City of Elterlein with Brünlas and Burgstädtel | City of Elterlein | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral), after 1590 Amt Grünhain | |
| Schwarzbach ( Swartzpach ) | City of Elterlein | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | |
| Wildenau ( Wildennaw ) | City of Schwarzenberg | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | |
| Obersachsenfeld ( Sachsinvelt ) | City of Schwarzenberg | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | |
| Großpöhla | City of Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb. | Schönburg rulers (from 1406); after 1559 Amt Crottendorf (electoral) | |
| Holtzinhain desert | City of Grünhain-Beierfeld | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | presumably in the corridor of the later village of Waschleithe |
| City of Grünhain with the Grünhain Monastery | City of Grünhain-Beierfeld | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | since the foundation of the monastery in the possession of the monastery Grünhain |
| Beierfeld ( Beyervelt ) | City of Grünhain-Beierfeld | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) | |
| Bernsbach ( Wernhardisspach ) | City of Lauter-Bernsbach | Grünhain Monastery Office (from 1240) |
Lower county with rule Wildenfels (after 1440 own rule)
| place | current location | later affiliation to office after sale by the Burgraves of Meissen | Remarks |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bergstadt Lößnitz with Dreihansen | City of Loessnitz | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | Capital of the county of Hartenstein |
| Niederloessnitz | City of Loessnitz | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Ober- and Niederaffalter | City of Loessnitz | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Streitwald | City of Loessnitz | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | was not created until the 17th century |
| Grüna | City of Loessnitz | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | first mentioned in 1528 |
| Dittersdorf ( Ditterstorf ) | City of Loessnitz | Grünhain monastery office (after 1240) | |
| Alberoda | City of Aue | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | with the Edelhof |
| Low pan handle | City of Aue | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | was not created until the 17th century |
| Oberpfannenstiel | City of Lauter-Bernsbach | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | was not created until the 17th century |
| Lenkersdorf (Hartstein part) | City of Zwönitz | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Lenkersdorf (Grünhain part) | City of Zwönitz | Grünhain office (after 1312) | |
| Deserted villages Kempfersgrün , Sebottendorf and High Brno | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | Abandoned settlements Kempfersgrün (between Gablenz, Beutha and Gruena) Sebottendorf (between Loessnitz, space and Gruena) and High Brno (between Loessnitz and Gruenhain) | |
| Bagha | City of Stollberg / Erzgeb. | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| room | City of Stollberg / Erzgeb. | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | was not created until the 17th century. Close by was the masters' workshop, which was the county's executioner's office . |
| Hartenstein Castle and Hartenstein City | City of Hartenstein | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | the city was first mentioned in 1378 |
| Thierfeld | City of Hartenstein | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Deserted Mark Wittendorf near Thierfeld | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | ||
| Zschocken (Grünhainer share) (exclave) | City of Hartenstein | Grünhain office | |
| Zschocken (Wildenfels share) | City of Hartenstein | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | |
| Zschocken (Hartenstein share) | City of Hartenstein | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Stein Castle and Stein | City of Hartenstein | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | since 1701 residence of the office of Stein |
| Wildbach with the Isenburg, destroyed in 1320 | Bad Schlema municipality | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | since 1701 to the office of Schönburg in Stein |
| Langenbach | Langenweißbach municipality | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | since 1701 to the office of Schönburg in Stein ; the district of Fährbrücke was not built until the 19th century. |
| Deserts Nieder- and Ober- Opritz between Stein and Langenbach | City of Hartenstein | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | since 1701 to the office of Schönburg in Stein |
| Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. , (Grünhainer share) (exclave) | City of Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. | Grünhain office | |
| Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. , (Wildenfels part) | City of Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | |
| Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. , (Hartenstein share) | City of Oelsnitz / Erzgeb. | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Heinrichsort | City of Lichtenstein | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | Created in 1714 |
| Ortmannsdorf (Wildenfelser part), Marienau | Mülsen municipality | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | Marienau was created around 1850 |
| Ortmannsdorf (Hartensteiner part) with the manor and Neudörfel (from 1923: Neuschönburg) | Mülsen municipality | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Mülsen St. Niclas | Mülsen municipality | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| Mülsen St. Jacob | Mülsen municipality | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | |
| City of Wildenfels with Wildenfels Castle | City of Wildenfels | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | Residence of the Wildenfels rule |
| Härtensdorf (Wildenfels part) | City of Wildenfels | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | larger proportion |
| Härtensdorf (Hartenstein part) | City of Wildenfels | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | smaller proportion |
| Schönau (Wildenfels part) | City of Wildenfels | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | |
| Schönau (Hartenstein part) | City of Wildenfels | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | after the separation of the dominions, the exclave of Hartenstein (from 1440) |
| Reinsdorf (Wildenfels part) | Community Reinsdorf | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | big part of |
| Reinsdorf (Hartensteiner part) with the manor | Community Reinsdorf | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | small amount |
| Pöhlau (Wildenfels part) | Community Reinsdorf | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | |
| Friedrichsgrün (Hammelhof Vorwerk) | Community Reinsdorf | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | the place Friedrichsgrün itself was not built until the middle of the 18th century |
| Vielau (Wildenfels part) with Vorwerk | Community Reinsdorf | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | |
| Vielau (Hartenstein part) with a knight's seat | Community Reinsdorf | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | after the separation of the dominions, the exclave of Hartenstein (from 1440) |
| Oberhaßlau , Niederhaßlau , Rosenthal | City of Wilkau-Haßlau | Schönburg rulers (from 1406) | as "Haßlau" belongs to Vielau (Hartensteiner part); after the separation of the dominions, the exclave of Hartenstein (from 1440) |
| Weißbach with Hermannsdorf and the former wasteland Neudörfel | Langenweißbach municipality | Reign of Wildenfels (electoral from 1440) | |
| Grünau | Langenweißbach municipality | Lordship of Wildenfels , from 1401 Amt Grünhain | |
| Little monastery cell and village cell | City of Aue | 1173 to the Klösterlein cell assigned | |
| Upper and lower schema (corridors) | Bad Schlema municipality | 1173 to the Klösterlein cell assigned | Places founded in the 12th century |
Castles in the county
A map of the "AltenGrafschaft Hartenstein" for the year 1406 shows the larger and smaller castles of the lower and upper counties next to monasteries, villages and towns.
Castles in the lower county of Hartenstein 1406
- Hartenstein Castle , marked as the main castle
- Wildenfels Castle , marked as the main castle
- Stein Castle near Hartenstein
- Isenburg near Wildbach
- Wasserburg in Vielau
Castles in the upper county of Hartenstein 1406
- "Quedlinburg", marked as the main castle. Probably completely abandoned castle. The Quedlinburg is drawn northwest of Elterlein on a third of the route from Elterlein to Zwönitz and west of Geyer on the map of the "AltenGrafschaft Hartenstein" for the year 1406, by the historian Leo Bönhoff . In addition to the castles Hartenstein and Wildenfels, Quedlinburg is said to have been one of the three main castles of this county and the only castle in the upper part of the county of Hartenstein. No further information is given in the named source about the castle or castle site of Quedlinburg. A possible location for this castle could have been the Schatzenstein , also northwest of Elterlein .
In addition, the following systems in the area of the Hartenstein domain should be pointed out:
- two miniature water castles in Thierfeld: Wasserburg Abtei Thierfeld and Wasserburg Thierfeld
- Wasserburg Edelhof Alberoda
- Siege castle "Ur-Stein" (ring wall system) near Stein Castle in Hartenstein above the train station
- Spornburg Vogelherd Niederschlema east of Wildbach
- Hermannsburg near Elterlein- Hermannsdorf
- Grünau moated castle
- Friedrichsgrün moated castle
- Presumed castle in Grünhain of the knight Heidenreich von Grünhain / Stein
Monasteries in the county
- Augustinian Canons monastery cell near Aue, in the lower county of Hartenstein
- "St. Nicolai" monastery northwest of Grünhain in the upper county of Hartenstein
- Cistercian monastery Grünhain in the upper county of Hartenstein
literature
- Leo Bönhoff : The original extent of the county of Hartenstein. In: New Archive for Saxon History, 27 (1906), pp. 209–278.
- Michael Wetzel : The Schönburg office Hartenstein 1702–1878 - social structure - administration - economic profile. Leipziger Universitätsverlag: Leipzig 2004. ISBN 3-937209-03-4 .
- Lothar Wendler: Castles in the Western Ore Mountains - on Mulde, Schwarzwasser and Zschopau , from the series "Our Home", Rockstroh's illustrated sheets on the history of the Western Ore Mountains, Mike Rockstroh printing company, Aue 2004.
- Walter Schlesinger : The Schönburgische Lande up to the end of the Middle Ages, Dresden, without a year (remarks on the history of the Grafschaft Hartenstein p. 63).
- Siegfried Pausch : Chapter "Mining" in: "The Schönburgers, Economy, Politics, Culture". Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–1991 in the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, pp. 40–42 (remarks on history and mining in the upper county of Hartenstein).
- Michael Wetzel: "The office of Schönburg in Hartenstein 1702–1878 social structure - administration - economic profile", Leipzig 2004.
Individual evidence
- ^ Wetzel: The Schönburg Office of Hartenstein 1702–1878. 2004, p. 42.
- ↑ a b collective of authors, u. a. Helmut Bräuer, Robby Joachim Götze, Steffen Winkler and Wolf-Dieter Röber : The Schönburger, economy, politics, culture . Brochure for the special exhibition of the same name 1990–1991 in the Museum and Art Collection Schloss Hinterglauchau, Glauchau 1990, chap. "Mining" (Siegfried Pausch), p. 38: Map of the "AltenGrafschaft Hartenstein" in 1406 after Leo Bönhoff