Dittersdorf (Loessnitz)
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Dittersdorf
City of Loessnitz
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| Height : | 450 (434-607) m |
| Area : | 6.13 km² |
| Residents : | 293 (May 9, 2011) |
| Population density : | 48 inhabitants / km² |
| Incorporation : | 1st February 1974 |
| Postal code : | 08294 |
| Area code : | 03771 |
 Location of the district of Dittersdorf in the city of Lößnitz
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The westerzgebirgische village Dittersdorf is a district of the mountain town of Lößnitz in the Erzgebirge , Saxony , Germany and belongs to the league of cities Silberberg .
location
The place east of Lößnitz extends more than two kilometers uphill to the right and left of the Vorderen Aubache and the Dorfbach.
history
founding
The settlement Dittersdorf done presumably by Frankonia farmers in the second half of the 12th century. Around this time knights, monks and farmers from the northwest pushed further and further along the Zwickauer Mulde into the still uninhabited forest area and founded monasteries , castles and villages. Until then, the area was considered a difficult-to-access jungle where bears and wolves lived. A description of the Kleingau Zwickau from the year 1118 shows that its settlement planning already came very close to today's Dittersdorfer corridor area. In the description, the mountain Luderni (Schnepfenberg near Lenkersdorf or the Jermiasberg near Lauter) and the mouth of the Black Water are mentioned as the most southeastern border. In 1173 the settlers reached the corridor of Aue in the immediate south-west and founded the cell monastery . Lothar Enderlein points out that the Augustinians of Celle very soon tried to find ores with the support of the lords of the castle of Lößnitz . It is very likely that they penetrated into other valleys, for example into today's corridors of Affalter, Kühnhaide and Dittersdorf. Some of these mining settlements were given up again because either there was no yield or at the latest due to the famine in the years 1224/25. An example of this abandoned desert are the cowls in the Lößnitzer Gotteswald, the name of which indicates that monks were active there. The place Dittersdorf was laid out as a typical single-row Waldhufendorf and probably belonged from the beginning to the possessions of the County of Hartenstein and thus also to the Burgrave of Meißen , Meinher II. Dittersdorf is predominantly a farming village with stately courtyards (some with four-sided courtyards). Some houses are half-timbered (for example No. 17). Many roofs are covered with local slate .
Grünhain Monastery (1238–1536)
In 1238 the place was first mentioned as Thederickersdorf (village of a Tederich or Dietrich ) in the Privilegium over Dittersdorf near Zwönitz when it was sold to the Cistercian monastery Grünhain . Witnesses of the purchase were a mint master Widego von Lesnitz and Bruno von Bilowe , owners of the manor in today's Vielau . Both witnesses were servants of the Meinheringer, which in turn owned the county of Hartenstein. At the time of purchase, Dittersdorf was already fully populated, had already passed the free years and at that time probably consisted of 16 Waldhufen estates. Lothar Enderlein noted for the year 1240 that the Grünhain Cistercian monastery from Dittersdorf always received 49 Altenburg bushels of grain and oats (which were made from 16 plows for winter and summer seeds) at Martini . Furthermore, 8 pounds pfennigs less three shillings had to be paid half on Martin's day and half on Walpurgist day. In addition, the farmers were obliged to plow the monastery fields twice a year. In 1456 every farmer had to deliver 6 bushels of grain, 14 bushels of oats, 11 shock and 18 pieces of eggs and 50 cheese in kind for the abbot's kitchen every year . The monastery and its parishes were therefore also known as the Kornwurm . These burdens were gradually increased until it led to refusals to work, uprisings and finally to the peasant war , which was put down in 1526.
Some local researchers suspect, based on the course of the individual parcels and the municipality boundary, that there could have been a small settlement on or near the green meadow by the green brook .
Since the purchase by the Grünhain abbot Brüning , the monastery village of Dittersdorf, like the neighboring village of Kühnhaide, was a bit out of the way and was therefore dependent on itself for centuries. It had neither a manor nor its own church . Dittersdorf had neither its own brewing rights , meat banks, salt bar, nor was it allowed to keep its own craftsmen (for example a farrier), the cities in the monastery area were responsible for this. In addition, there was no church in the village, so there were many reasons for the villagers to visit the neighboring town of Zwönitz .
The easternmost and highest lying farm was once a farm yard of the monastery, which is also said to have been the hunting lodge of the Grünhain abbot. Corresponding building fabric from the monastery times should still be found there today. Furthermore, the farm at the confluence of the Grünem Bach and Dorfbach rivers is said to have also served the Grünhain abbots as hunting lodgings. In the 15th century the Grünhain monastery church was covered with Dittersdorf slate . The slate hole near Dreihansen is still a reminder of the slate mining .
In 1534 the seven abbot farmers from Lenkersdorf to Dittersdorf had been defeated and had to use the Dittersdorfer Dingstuhl ever since . This Dingstuhl has existed since 1495, at which Zwönitz judges regularly held court days each year and whose first judge in Dittersdorf was Oswald Heimpol . This enabled the Dittersdorfers to settle their disputes locally and no longer had to go to Zwönitz. The Zwönitz judges, in turn, were appointed by the Grünhain monastery (office) and were not accountable to the city of Zwönitz.
Grünhain office (1536–1821)
After the dissolution of the monastery Grünhainer Dittersdorf belonged starting from 1536 to steward Grünhain . Largely spared from the consequences of the Schmalkaldic War , the residents of the village, together with those of the surrounding villages, had to provide a Zwönitz army wagon and foot servants in the run-up to the Thirty Years' War , and war taxes were still levied. In 1548 Dittersdorf had 25 possessed men and 28 residents on 26.5 Hufen . Dittersdorf was not affected by the difficult war and plague year of 1640.
In the Electoral Saxon Timber Order of 1560 it says u. a .: " The spots owe them to go wolf hunting, as they did in the monks' times ", thus making participation in wolf hunting compulsory. Especially after the Thirty Years War, the wolves had reproduced strongly again. Therefore, there was a real wolf service until the 18th century, which the villagers did not find desirable, but nevertheless recognized the necessity and to which everyone was obliged. These were wolf hunts in winter, which were exhausting and dangerous. In 1662 Dittersdorf had to provide 15 men for driving the wolf " to Rabenstein or wherever the wolf equipment can be found ", while Lenkersdorf 3, Kühnhaide 18, Gablenz 13 and Zwönitz 40 men. The last big driven hunts, in which 477 men took part, took place near Burgstädtel in 1703 and 1711. The last wolf was shot down near the hunter's house near Aue in 1816, the last brown bear was caught near Lauter in 1760 .
A crack by Balthasar Zimmermann ( First Saxon State Map ) from 1615 shows Dittersdorf with 24 courtyards, a grinding mill with 3 courses on the upper Dorfbach, a board mill at the tributary of the Grüner Bach , a board mill on the Vorderen Aubach and a second grinding mill with only one milling course at the lower end of town. Furthermore, one can see from the cracks by Balthasar Zimmermann and the cracks and notes by Georg Oeder the Elder and the Younger from the years 1560 to 1570 that the forest has not changed significantly since then. All arable areas were already cultivated at that time. The mining authority Schneeberg belehnte 1667/68 first slate quarries in Dittersdorf.
Since the way to school for the Dittersdorf students to Zwönitz was very long and often dangerous in winter, Dittersdorf founded his own secondary school shortly before 1680 . This was headed by a school owner (teacher without a church office) or a child teacher.
On June 26, 1667 was carried out by the Schneeberger Bergmeister the mining Troeger ceremony of a shale break at the Planitzer Slater Gabriel Bleil. In 1674 another quarry was awarded to the slater Christian Steinel from Schneeberg. In addition, there were other breaks in the company, complaints about their unprofessional management.
In 1764 Dittersdorf had 24 possessed men and 9 cottagers on 26.5 hooves of 22 bushels each.
District administration Schwarzenberg (1821–1939)
The office of Grünhain, and with it Dittersdorf, became part of the Schwarzenberg administration in 1821 after the Erzgebirge district was dissolved. In 1834 there were 272 residents in Dittersdorf. The main occupations were agriculture, forest work, slate quarrying and home work for Lößnitz tradespeople. There were also two grinding mills, an oil mill and a fulling mill , some of which can still be seen today. The fulling mill, located in the neighboring community of Dreihansen, was the former Dittersdorf gun hammer , which, with the water power of the combined Aubach, pacified the iron requirement in the nearby slate quarries. This gun hammer was later converted into a fulling mill and a cloth factory, and in 1884 it was turned into a farm for agricultural machinery. In addition to the Dreihansener slate quarries, there were five other slate quarries in the Dittersdorfer corridor.
On April 6, 1835, the Kingdom of Saxony was reorganized and the Zwickau district directorate was formed, to which the Schwarzenberg u. a. with the office of Grünhain and thus the municipality of Dittersdorf belonged. The Dittersdorf volunteer fire brigade was founded around 1850 . In 1856 Dittersdorf belonged to the Grünhain court office.
In 1868 the state commissioned "civil engineer" Oskar Heßler sent questionnaires to the affected communities, including the community of Dittersdorf and its traders, to check the profitability of the planned Chemnitz-Zwönitz-Lößnitz-Aue-Adorf railway line . The evaluation showed, among other things, that 360 residents lived in Dittersdorf at that time, and that there were a grinding mill and two cutting mills there. There was also the Sächsische-Lößnitzer-Schieferbruch- Compagnie , which used a total of 400 acres of mining area on Lößnitzer, Affalterer, Lenkersdorfer and Dittersdorfer Flur for slate demolition. Overall, the company consisted of a slab cutting shop for slate slabs and five slate quarries; the Dittersdorfer Bruch near today's Schieferloch , which was the largest with an annual breakdown of 100,000 quintals of roofing slate and 200 workers, the Foigt break (80 men, 35,000 quintals), the Hasenschwanzbruch (65 men, 30,000 quintals), the commune break (55 men , 25,000 quintals) and the Lenkersdorfer Bruch (45 men, 22,500 quintals). Construction work on this railway line began in 1871 and the community now had 374 residents who had belonged to the newly established Schwarzenberg District Administration since October 15, 1874.
On November 15, 1875, the section from Aue to Zwönitz (via Dittersdorf), also known as the Saxon Semmering , was opened. For the construction of the railway, however, the old fire brigade had to be demolished, but the Keller community board was very satisfied with the compensation paid for it. In addition, several bridges and a 47.60 meter long and 10.20 meter high railway viaduct with four stone arches were built. The mill ditch of the Brettmühle at the tributary of the Grünes Bach completely disappeared when the embankment was filled. The construction workers for the railway line mostly lived on site in the farmers' stables and barns. The railway line encloses the place in a large loop, as it has to overcome a height difference of 71 meters in this area. Due to the new railway line, the local slate mining, which had been carried out on an industrial scale by the Sächsische-Lößnitzer-Schieferbruch- Compagnie as early as 1856, faced strong competition from the Thuringian slate. As a result, slate mining, which had employed up to 500 workers in its prime, came to a complete standstill a little later. The Stein rule with its court office in Loessnitz, formerly part of the Schönburg recession rule, was incorporated into the Schwarzenberg administration in 1878. After 640 years, since the sale of Dittersdorf, the city of Lößnitz and the rural community of Dittersdorf were again in a common administrative area. In 1891 the school and church affiliation of the village changed from Zwönitz to Lößnitz, but another source says: “ Around 1870 all of Lenkersdorf was parished to Zwönitz, but all of Dittersdorf to Lößnitz. ". In 1895 the last mining facility , the Kuttenzeche on the Kuttenbach, went out, the hut house of which was also licensed. The size of the parish was 613 hectares. In 1900 the Zwönitz – Scheibenberg railway line opened via Elterlein. This so-called Upper Ore Mountains panorama train or panorama train, also known by the locals as the Bimmelbahn , ran southeast and above Dittersdorf and offered a view of the place. Still in the planning phase, in 1896, the community of Dittersdorf applied for a freight stop at kilometer point 2,550; however, this requirement was not taken into account. The building material for masonry without a machined outer surface came u. a. from Dittersdorf ( hornblende and clay slate ).
The Liederhain men's choir , which still exists today, was founded in 1898 from the former pipe club . In 1908 a new school building (No. 5) was inaugurated, in the place of which there was previously only a pond and which replaced the old one (No. 9). In 1921 the largest slate quarry in Dittersdorf (near Dreihansen) was turned into a natural theater that could only last a few years. In 1925 the village had 373 inhabitants (363 Protestant, 4 Catholic, 6 others), in 1933 there were 377.
Schwarzenberg district (1939–1945)
After renaming the Amtshauptmannschaft Schwarzenberg to district Schwarzenberg in 1939, the village belonged now to the district Schwarzenberg .
Dittersdorf survived the Second World War almost unscathed. During the air war two American planes collided in the course of the attack on Chemnitz on the foggy morning of April 6, 1945. One of the planes crashed over Kühnhaide on the Bauertoffelwiese , the other plane destroyed a farm in Dittersdorf on the municipality border with Dreihansen and partly the company Hofmann & Söhne . Until the end of the war, French, Polish, Serbian and Belarusian prisoners of war were distributed to the farms and had to do forced labor there. While the French prisoners of war were initially housed at night in the restaurant Grüner Busch , today's Äppelkammer , later prisoners of war were housed directly at the workplace, mainly on farms. After the German surrender on May 8, 1945, Dittersdorf, like the entire district of Schwarzenberg and the independent city of Aue, remained an area free of occupation for six weeks ( Free Republic of Schwarzenberg ). On June 9, 1945, the gradual occupation of the district by Soviet troops began. In 1946 the population was 443 so high because displaced persons and refugees , for example from Silesia , had to be housed on the farms. During this time the living conditions were very cramped, so that sometimes whole families were accommodated in one room .
District of Aue (1946–1994)
From 1946 Dittersdorf belonged to the newly formed district of Aue, which in 1952 was assigned to the Chemnitz district (from 1953 district Karl-Marx-Stadt ).
The Zwönitz – Scheibenberg railway line was dismantled by the Soviet occupiers in the summer of 1947 as a reparation payment . The first and only consumption was built in the early 1960s . As part of the establishment of the agricultural production cooperatives (LPG), the LPG Wismut (type I) with three brigades and the LPG Bergland (type III) were founded in the 1960s . On March 1, 1967, the Lößnitzer LPG Ernst Scheffler with 80 hectares of land, the LPG Bergland (190 hectares) and parts of the LPG Wismut merged to form LPG Albrecht Thaer . In 1969 an industrial dairy cattle facility (MVA) for 500 cows was built on the Mühlberg. There were also 150 dairy cows and 50 calves privately owned in Dittersdorf. The future Czechoslovak President Gustáv Husák took part in the grand opening of the dairy cattle facility . The Dittersdorf field cultivation brigade worked together with the Lößnitzer LPG Albrecht Thaer as part of the KAP Am Katzenstein .
The school, which was opposite the fire station, closed in 1970. The building now serves as a residential building. At that time, the class size was only three to five students who were taught together in the first to third grades by a teacher in a classroom.
On February 1, 1974, the until then independent and purely rural rural community was incorporated into the city of Lößnitz . The last mayor was Erna Wildenhain from Pfannenstiel . The prison at the entrance to the village (No. 3) and the community center (No. 3) with post office were sold. After the post office was initially relocated to another building, it was closed a few years later and the post was distributed centrally from Lößnitz.
In 1994 the only consumption of the place was closed. The building now serves as a residential building. As a result of the district reform carried out in 1994, the district of Dittersdorf became part of the merged district of Aue-Schwarzenberg and, on August 1, 2008, a new district reform made it into the Erzgebirge district . In 1995 the playground was completely renewed and renovated.
In the former slate mining area, which is now a bathing resort and excursion destination, the slate hole festival takes place every year . In addition, a village festival is celebrated on May 1st every year.
Population development
The following population figures refer to the corridor area of the municipality of Dittersdorf:
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1548 to 1871
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1890 to 1939
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1946 to 1964
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- Sources: Digital historical place directory of Saxony, population census on the occasion of the school and home festival from 4. – 6. July 2008
ecology
On the upper reaches of the Vorderen Aubach , one of the tributaries of the Lößnitzbach , there are high-stemmed and species-rich meadows with submontane to high-colline characteristics . Here the autumn crocus and the Eastern European star umbel (Astrantia major) can be found at their western limit of distribution. The area was declared a nature reserve.
geology
In Dittersdorf there is a strong erosive cutting through the Grüner Bach. In the railway cut east of Dittersdorf and at the foot of the Mühlberg there are some granite porphyry tunnels with a dark gray color in the fresh state. There are quartz feldspars with orthoclase crystals up to three centimeters long and quartz crystals up to four centimeters in size. Biotite and hornblende only occur to a minor extent. The rock is likely to be assigned to the final phase of the Upper Paleozoic magmatism in the Ore Mountains. West of the Friedrichsruh mountain restaurant there is a phyllite cliff train . Dreihansen has a subsoil of dark phyllitic slate with quartzitic alternating layers , which belongs to the older Ordovician . Still in the phyllite, but directly at the border of the outer contact zone of the Auer Granite, veins of the gritty, blinding lead ore formation can be found on the Kuttenbach south of the skull south of the skull from northwest to southeast , which provided some silver and, in very small quantities, copper.
Between 1949 and 1950, Wismut AG searched for uranium ore with 8 pits in the area between Dittersdorf and Schnepfenberg, without success.
Buildings
Dittersdorf bridge ⊙
The only viaduct on the section of the Chemnitz-Aue railway line is located at 43.5 km in Dittersdorf . The stone arch bridge, 47.6 m long with four arches, is followed by a longer stretch of route secured by a large retaining wall.
Large railway viaduct in Dittersdorf (Lößnitz) with the Erzgebirge Railway (2)
Large railway viaduct in Dittersdorf (Lößnitz) (2016)
Small railway viaduct in Dittersdorf (Lößnitz) (2016)
_mit_Erzgebirgsbahn_(2).JPG)
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literature
- Between Zwickauer Mulde and Geyerschem Wald (= values of our homeland . Volume 31). 1st edition. Akademie Verlag, Berlin 1978, pp. 164, 166, 170 - 172, 181, 213.
- Adam-Ries-Bund (Hrsg.): Holzordnunge im Ambte Grünhain and Schlettau in the year 1560. Annaberg-Buchholz: Sources for local and family history issue 24
- Lothar Enderlein : Grünhain Monastery in the Western Ore Mountains . Schwarzenberg, Glückauf-Verlag 1934
- Martin Märker: The Cistercian monastery Grünhain in the Ore Mountains . Frankfurt am Main, Verlag des Erzgebirgsverein 1968
- Paul Reinhard Beierlein : The former Erzgebirgsamt Grünhain around 1700 . Cologne: Böhlau Verlag, 1963.
- Council of the City of Zwönitz 1987: Zwönitz - Contributions to the history of the city and villages . Elaborated from a manuscript by Johannes Schuricht, Issues 1 to 3 Historical Forays from the Early Period to the 18th Century
Web links
- Dittersdorf in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
- Dittersdorf in the Repertory Saxonicum
- Homepage of the Heimatverein "Liederhain" Dittersdorf eV
Individual evidence
- ↑ Small-scale municipality sheet for Lößnitz, city. (PDF; 0.23 MB) State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony , September 2014, accessed on January 30, 2015 .
Affalter with Streitwald | Dittersdorf with Dreihansen | Grüna | Lößnitz with Niederlößnitz