Erzgebirge district

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The Erzgebirge District was an administrative unit of the Electorate of Saxony, which was converted into a kingdom in 1806 .

The districts of Electoral Saxony in 1752

Geographical expansion

The area of ​​the Erzgebirgischer Kreis encompassed almost all of today's Saxon part of the Erzgebirge and the Erzgebirge foreland .

The group handed in its east-west extension of Werdau on the border with the Ernestine duchies on the West Erzgebirge and the Middle Ore Mountains to the east ore mountains in Altenberg . In its south-north extension, the area extended from the border with the Kingdom of Bohemia on the ridge of the Ore Mountains to the Erzgebirge foothills at Nossen and Mittweida . Significant places in the district include a. Chemnitz , Zwickau , Freiberg and Schwarzenberg / Erzgeb. The Schönburg rulers protruded into the western part of the district in a wedge shape, so that the area around Zwickau from the larger eastern part of the district was only territorially connected to the district via the Western Ore Mountains. The upper reaches of the rivers Pleiße , Zwickauer Mulde , Chemnitz , Zschopau , Flöha , Freiberger Mulde and Wilder Weißeritz flowed through the district . The district's exclaves were in the care of Lommatz .

Adjacent areas

Map of the Ore Mountains District from 1839
Duchy of Saxony-Altenburg Leipzig district
Neustädter Kreis and Principality of Reuss older line Neighboring communities Meissnian circle
Vogtland district Kingdom of Bohemia

history

The Erzgebirge district was part of the three-tier administrative structure in what would later become Saxony. The basis of this structure and lower structure of the sovereign administration were the offices that emerged from the margravial bailiffs in the 14th and 15th centuries . The list of incomes of the Landgraves of Thuringia and Meissen ( Registrum dominorum marchionum Missnensium ) compiled in 1378 names u. a. the offices of Freiberg, Schellenberg and Chemnitz, which later belonged to the Erzgebirge district.

With the adoption of the Chancellery Regulations by Elector Moritz in 1574, a central authority in the sense of a state government was created . The thorough organization of the administration down to the local level (office organization) led to the assignment of the offices to administrative authorities . These were in turn grouped into districts ( Kurkreis , Leipziger Kreis , Meißnischer Kreis , Vogtlandischer Kreis , Thüringer Kreis , Neustädter Kreis ) in order to integrate the areas that were especially acquired by the Ernestine Wettins in the 16th century.

The area of ​​the Erzgebirge district was only separated from the comparatively large Meißnian district in 1691. After the Saxon borders were re-established at the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the Ore Mountains District formed the territorial structure of Saxony from 1816 together with the Leipzig District, the Meißnische Kreis, the Vogtland District and the Margraviate of Upper Lusatia .

In 1835 the administrative replacement by the district directorates (from 1873 district chiefs) in Bautzen, Dresden, Leipzig and Zwickau. At that time, the Erzgebirge district covered an area of ​​4,581 km².

scope

The circle included at the end of the 18th century 8873 hooves and 93¾ knights horses , 12 schriftsässige and 29 amtssässige towns, 20 rural town, a total of 61 cities, plus 76 Official Sassen, 101 font Assen, 78 outworks and leisure goods , six deserted villages and 723 villages. It bordered the Leipzig and Meißnische Kreis , Bohemia , the Vogtland and Neustadt districts , the Russian rulers and the Principality of Altenburg and had a size of around 111 square miles. In the General Plan , published in 1783, of the current division of the Chur-Sächsische Lande into Creiße and Aemter , data deviating from the above can be found.

In 1785 there were 405,600 inhabitants in 15 offices in the area of ​​the Erzgebirge district. There were two district offices in the Erzgebirge district. While the Freiberg district office was responsible for the "Lower Mountains ", these tasks for the "Upper Mountains" were carried out by the Schwarzenberg district office .

Offices of the Erzgebirge district
Office Remarks
District Office Freiberg with the rule Ringethal (exclave), Hainichen (exclave), the rule Purschenstein with Sayda
Office Schellenberg (later Office Augustusburg ) with the rule of Zschopau, the Lichtenwalde office and the Neusorge manor
Chemnitz Office with the rule of Rabenstein and the rule of Blankenau
Office Frankenberg-Sachsenburg before 1633 also called "Amt Frankenberg mit Sachsenburg" or "Amt Sachsenburg mit Frankenberg"
Office of Nossen with the cities of Siebenlehn and Roßwein
Office Grillenburg with Tharandt , the office was called before 1558 Amt Tharandt
Office Frauenstein
Altenberg Office with the cities of Glashütte , Alt-Geising
Lauterstein office with the city of Zöblitz
Office of Selva with mill office Annaberg , office Rauenstein , rule Greifenstein and rule Weißbach
Stollberg Office
Schwarzenberg district office with the office of Crottendorf
Grünhain office with the office of Schlettau
Office Wiesenburg
Zwickau Office with the cities of Werdau , Crimmitschau and the rulership of Wildenfels

Officials

See also

literature

Individual evidence

  1. ↑ (without naming an author) General plan of the current division of the Chur-Saxon region into Creiße and Aemter . Gerlachische Buchhandlung, Dresden 1783 Digitized in the Saxon State and University Library Dresden , page 38: Information about the Erzgebirge district
  2. ↑ Friedrich Gottlob Leonhardi : Earth description of the electoral and ducal Saxon lands. Second volume, Leipzig 1790, p. 246