Zöblitz
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Zöblitz
Large district town of Marienberg
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| Height : | 600 m above sea level NN | |
| Residents : | 1724 (Jan. 1, 2018) | |
| Incorporation : | December 31, 2012 | |
| Postal code : | 09496 | |
| Area code : | 037363 | |
Location of Zöblitz in Saxony |
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The serpentine stone town of Zöblitz is a district of the large district town of Marienberg in the Saxon Erzgebirgskreis (Germany). The place first mentioned in 1323 was an independent city with four districts and around 3000 inhabitants until December 30, 2012.
geography
Geographical location
Zöblitz is located about 5 km east of Marienberg , 5 km south of Pockau-Lengefeld (district Pockau ) and 7 km west of Olbernhau . The city lies on a plateau and drops off slightly and then steeply in a westerly direction towards the Schwarzen Pockau . In the north and south, Zöblitz is surrounded by hills such as the Burgberg, the Bahnhofsberg, the Freiheitshöhe (“Leichenbruch” and “Arnoldbüschel”), the Annahöhe and the Morgensternhöhe . To the north-east is the spring plateau with the serpentine quarries.
Neighboring places
| Niederlauterstein | Pockau | Sorgau |
| Marienberg |
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Olbernhau |
| Hüttengrund | Pobershau | Jump |
City structure
Until its dissolution, the town of Zöblitz consisted of:
climate
The place is located in the temperate climate zone. Due to the altitude, the annual mean temperature is 5.5–6.0 ° C. The annual average of the precipitation is 951 mm (measured at the Meteorological Station Forstamtsgarten over a period of 60 years). Another peculiarity of the Zöblitzer climate is the wind. This comes from the southwest to the west and can sometimes be in gusts.
history
Foundation and first documentary mention
The city is one of the oldest settlements in the middle and upper Ore Mountains. However, its exact foundation has not yet been clarified and therefore leaves room for speculation. There are currently 2 theories: The first theory says that Zöblitz is of Slavic origin and was founded around the 10th century. The trigger for the establishment in the then dark forest Miriquidi could have been that the Slavs were expelled by the expulsion of their original settlement area as part of the German settlement in the east and therefore had to settle new areas. So Zöblitz could have been built as a hamlet at that time . This theory is supported by Slavic terms in the immediate vicinity, such as the name of the town of Zöblitz itself or the Knesenbach stream flowing by nearby . The second theory assumes that Zöblitz was founded by Heinrich II. In 1004. At that time, he moved to Bohemia in his first campaign against Bolesław I Chrobry in order to conquer the city of Saaz . He came across the Ore Mountains and it is likely that he used the route known as the Old Bohemian Climb back then and set up camp on the Zöblitz plateau. However, there are no clear sources for either theories.
What is certain is that Zöblitz was first mentioned in a document in 1323. In this, Margrave Friedrich der Freidige von Meißen enfeoffed Burgrave Albrecht von Altenburg and Otto von Leisnig with Lauterstein Castle and the "steady zcobelin with the zcolle". At the same time, this is considered to be the first city mention and the mention makes it clear that Zöblitz had gained in importance as a border town in Pleißenland and later in the margraviate of Meißen and that you had to pay road tolls at this point.
In addition, there are many numerous archaeologically proven objects in the immediate vicinity. For example, Nidberg Castle , built around 1150 on the Löwenkopffelsen, or the abandoned mining settlement Schwedengraben in the valley opposite . Historians consider it to be the forerunner of the town of Zöblitz and, together with the castle, formed a castle settlement complex.
Boom and development of serpentine stone processing
In 1488 Zöblitz was called a mountain town and in the same year a church, probably a fortified church , was built in the late Gothic style.
There are various folk descriptions of the beginnings of the processing of the " serpentine stone" between Zöblitz and Arnsprung. This includes the story that a goatherd around 1500 accidentally found pieces of stone that could be carved with a knife in the area around Zöblitz.
The oldest surviving mention of the processing of the stone can be found in the work Agricolas De natura fossilium published in 1546 and mentions the processing in Zöblitz. At this time the Zöblitzer serpentine was already known outside of Saxony, Gerolamo Cardano noted it in 1556 as marble zeblicius , which suggests that the beginnings of the processing were further back. In the 19th century, Julius Schmidt passed on a text passage from a document from 1665 that has not survived , according to which the former Bergmeister von Zöblitz, Christoph Illgen (deceased 1482) had employed a service boy by the name of Matz Brinnel. According to the quoted passage in the text, he “understood the serpentine work somewhat and nourished himself with it throughout his entire life”. About 100 years after the creation of the document, a local chronicler had reported a different description of the start of processing with reference to this document, which later authors took up and contributed to the formation of anecdotes .
In 1531 Zöblitz became Freiberg's subordinate mines . With the Reformation in 1539, the place remained an independent parish . As a result of the work of the Swiss architect and sculptor Giovanni Maria Nosseni , serpentine stone processing took off from 1575 onwards. In 1613, the world's only serpentine stone turner's guild was founded. The Zöblitzer serpentinite became known worldwide and was used in the Semperoper , Dresden Court Church and in the Green Vault . In addition, the elector had the privilege of rare red pieces of the otherwise mostly black or dark green rock.
In 1728/1729 a new church was built in the baroque style, the construction was directed by Johann Christian Simon . In the church are u. a. a turned baptismal font made of serpentinite, which was created in 1613/1614, the pulpit altar designed by Simon in 1732 and the famous organ built in 1742 by Gottfried Silbermann .
Zöblitz was the seat of the Lauterstein office from 1639 to 1856 .
Modern times and industrialization
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On August 23, 1813, Alexander I of Russia , Prince Schwarzenberg , Prince Repnin-Volkonsky and Prince Metternich held a council of war in Zöblitz. The occasion of the meeting was the planning of the further course of action against Napoleon Bonaparte during the wars of liberation , before the Battle of the Nations near Leipzig . During this time, the population of Zöblitz had to look after more than 30,000 soldiers and 6,000 horses that camped around the city. The food sales continued until mid-October 1813.
In 1834 the city had a mayor for the first time. In 1861 the Städtische Sparkasse und Stadtbank Zöblitz was founded. From 1865 the sheet metal production began by Carl Wagner from Grünhainichen. The volunteer fire brigade was founded in 1870. With the opening of the Reitzenhain – Flöha railway on May 24, 1875, Zöblitz received a railway connection through the station of the same name (from November 14, 1914 "Zöblitz-Pobershau") located about 1.5 kilometers west of the city center in the valley of the Schwarzen Pockau. The high pressure water pipeline was completed in 1893. The town hall was built in 1907 and on June 30, 1909, the Saxon King Friedrich August III visited. the serpentine stone works. In 1911 the city was connected to the electricity network.
Since the 1930s, the Zöblitz-based company ERMETO was the only manufacturer in Germany of connecting parts for high-pressure oil hydraulics. The manufacturer ERMETO was nationalized at the beginning of the 1970s and the production of hydraulic elements was continued under the name ESKA in the GDR era. Even after the fall of the Wall, a privatized company in Zöblitz continued to manufacture such high-pressure parts.
World wars and division of Germany
In the First World War fell 62 Zöblitzer. In 1921 the Schlossmühle estate became part of Niederlauterstein . A swimming pool was built in 1926 and the gas supply was further expanded in 1903. In 1938, as part of the designation of the Schwarzwassertal as a landscape protection area, public traffic on the valley road was blocked. In 1940 a daycare center was set up. In February 1942 the church bells were picked up for war purposes. On April 16, 1945 at 8:15 a.m. there was a low-flying attack on the Zöblitz-Pobershau train station. Eight people died and 72 were injured. In World War II 118 Zöblitzer were killed; around 20 have been missing since then.
Time in reunified Germany
On January 1, 1999, the spring was incorporated with Sorgau and Grundau . In the new millennium, Zöblitz is affected by many demographic changes, but also by new investments. In 2006 the local middle school was closed and the students had to move to Marienberg or Olbernhau. In 2009 the market in Zöblitz was redesigned and on May 8th and 9th, 2010 the market festival and with it the inauguration took place. In 2011 the former restaurant "Stadt Wien" was demolished. Finally, it was incorporated into the neighboring town of Marienberg on December 31, 2012. The last mayor was Dietmar Georgi ( FDP ). The reason for the incorporation was the cost reduction in the administration, according to the demand of the state of Saxony (rural communities should have at least 5,000 inhabitants by 2025), and the resulting reward, which should serve to maintain the primary school. The elementary school was completely renovated and a decision was made to build a new building and thus to demolish the old building. From June 1 to August 18, 2013, the school building in Zöblitz, built in 1883, was demolished amid large protests by the population of Zöblitz. On July 11, 2014 the inauguration of the new building and the consecration of the name of the "Serpentinstein Elementary School" took place under the then Minister of State for Environment and Agriculture Frank Kupfer and the District Administrator Frank Vogel . In 2015 the park in the city center was redesigned.
Population development
The following population figures refer to December 31 of the previous year with territorial status January 2007, from 2007 to 2013 to the summer, i.e. June to August. From 2014 Zöblitz will be recorded without its former districts:
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1982 to 1988
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1989 to 1995
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1996 to 2002
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2003 to 2009
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2010 to 2016
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from 2017
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- Source: State Statistical Office of the Free State of Saxony, Zöblitz / Marienberg residents' registration office
politics
mayor
- 1990 to 2012: Dietmar Georgi
Culture and sights
church
The town church Zöblitz was built in 1488 as a late Gothic church. In the years 1728/1729 it was decided to build a new and larger church in the baroque style. The well-preserved organ by Gottfried Silbermann from 1742 is particularly valuable .
Museums and other institutions
- Serpentine Stone Museum ( serpentinite : types, formation, extraction, use, processing, products and archaeological finds from Nidberg Castle)
- First mining agency of the Ore Mountains Berggeschrey Richter in Freiberger Straße (visitor mine, events in the Kaue)
Monuments
- Stone on the market square commemorates the peace of 1871
- "Unity Obelisk", formerly also "Victory Monument", on the market square (park) in honor of the 25th anniversary of the founding of the German Empire (inauguration 1896)
- Stone cross in the cemetery commemorates those who fell in both world wars
- Memorial with nameplates of the fallen from Zöblitz, jump and surroundings on the Morgensternhöhe
- Memorial stone at the entrance of the Am Burgberg forest for the forester Hermann Graser (1866–1955)
Denominations, associations and clubs
- Ev.-Luth. Parish of Zöblitz
- Association for the restoration and maintenance of the town church Zöblitz eV
- Association for the promotion of culture and the serpentine stone tradition eV
- Association for Movement Games 07 Zöblitz-Pobershau eV (VfB Zöblitz)
- Ring- und Turnverein Zöblitz eV (RTV Zöblitz)
- Bowling community Zöblitz eV
- Motorcycle friends jump / Erzgebirge eV in the ADMV
- Zöblitzer Shooting Society 1886 eV
- Garden Association "Sunshine" eV
- Garden Association "Waldesruh" eV
- Small animal breeders association Zöblitz
- Hardanger group
- Carver group Zöblitz
- Skat Club "Teutonia"
- Zöblitz youth club
Infrastructure and traffic
The train station is on the Reitzenhain – Flöha route . Scheduled passenger rail traffic on the Pockau-Lengefeld-Marienberg section has been suspended since December 15, 2013; therefore Zöblitz-Pobershau is no longer served. The federal highway 171 and thus also the Silberstraße and the Deutsche Alleenstraße run through Zöblitz .
Personalities
Sons and daughters of the place
- Daniel Hänichen (1566–1619), teacher and theologian
- Johann Andreas Schmid (before 1713–1749), fencing master
- Karl Moritz Kersten (1803–1850), chemist and university professor
- Walter Hennig (1903–1965), church musician and composer
- Wolfram Böhme (1937–2011), poet and Ore Mountains dialect poet
Personalities who have worked on site
- Wilhelm Steinbach (1691–1752), pastor and chronicler
- Carl Wilhelm Hering (1790–1871), pastor and chronicler
- Max Wappler (1860–1932), school director and chairman of the Erzgebirgszweigverein Zöblitz
literature
- Zöblitz . In: Max Grohmann : The Upper Ore Mountains and its cities. Graser, Annaberg 1903
- The parish Zöblitz In: New Saxon Church Gallery, Ephorie Marienberg. Strauch Verlag, Leipzig, Sp. 783-804.
- Bert Körner: Zöblitz: in the 19./20. Century and summary of the findings on prehistory . Westermann, Zwickau 2006.
- District Office Middle Erzgebirgskreis (Hrsg.): On the history of the cities and communities in the Middle Erzgebirgskreis . A timetable (parts 1–3).
- Julius Schmidt : History of the serpentine industry at Zöblitz in the Saxon Ore Mountains . Dresden 1868 ( digitized version )
- Richard Steche : Zöblitz. In: Descriptive representation of the older architectural and art monuments of the Kingdom of Saxony. 5th issue: Amtshauptmannschaft Marienberg . CC Meinhold, Dresden 1885, p. 33.
- Wilhelm Steinbach : History of the Zoeblitz town in the Meißnischen Oberertzgebürge, well-known from the noble serpentine stone . 1750. ( digitized version )
- Zöblitz . In: August Schumann : Complete State, Post and Newspaper Lexicon of Saxony. 13th volume. Schumann, Zwickau 1826, pp. 657-667. ( Digitized version )
Web links
- Association for the Promotion of Culture and the Serpentine Stone Tradition eV: Website . on www.zoeblitz.eu
- Zöblitz in the Digital Historical Directory of Saxony
Individual evidence
- ↑ Bergstadt Marienberg: Facts & Figures ( Memento of the original dated February 2, 2016 in the Internet Archive ) Info: The archive link was inserted automatically and has not yet been checked. Please check the original and archive link according to the instructions and then remove this notice. , accessed on March 29, 2018.
- ↑ State Statistical Office of Saxony: Area changes from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2012 . at www.statistik.sachsen.de (PDF, overview link )
- ↑ Max Grohmann: The settlement of the Ore Mountains . In: The Upper Ore Mountains and its cities in legend and history . Annaberg 1903 ( online [accessed March 21, 2016]).
- ^ Eva Maria Hoyer: Saxon serpentine. A stone and its use . Edition Leipzig , Leipzig 1995, pp. 20-21
- ↑ Information on the Zöblitz-Pobershau station at www.sachsenschiene.de, accessed on June 1, 2015
- ↑ StBA: Changes in the municipalities in Germany, see 1999
- ↑ Saxon Official Gazette, Issue 52/2012, p. 1601 .
- ^ Zöblitz - organ from 1742. On the website of the Gottfried Silbermann Society, accessed on August 2, 2018.
- ↑ Memorial stone commemorates Zöblitz forester
- ^ Church in Zöblitz. Retrieved April 25, 2019 .
- ↑ Website Stadtkirche Zöblitz - Förderverein accessed on September 15, 2018
- ↑ VfB Zöblitz website - imprint accessed on September 15, 2018
- ↑ Website www.zoeblitz.eu - Sports clubs accessed on September 16, 2018
- ↑ RTV Zöblitz website - legal notice accessed on September 15, 2018
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